Leshek Baltserovich, yezoqoqosho Polish: biography, umsebenzi

Phantse engamashumi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, Poland wakwazi ukutshintsha kakhulu kuqoqosho lwabo. Ngaphandle kwabo, eli lizwe zange akwazi ukuba abe phezu belingana amazwe aseYurophu. Kwaye ezi iinguqulelo ezimbini uyise. Eyokuqala kuzo - Leshek Baltserovich. Le ngezoqoqosho brilliant ucinge nje isicwangciso utshintsho kwezoqoqosho. Okwesibini - leh Valensa. Watshayelela utshintsho ebomini ngethuba umongameli kwakhe. Ngaphandle kwezi manani ezimbini ezibalaseleyo Poland, leyo ngoku siyazi umane ayisekho. Baya waphumelela into akwenzeki kuzo zonke abapolitiki post-eSoviet, banomdla kakhulu iinguqu emarikeni kunye nemilinganiselo yaseYurophu. Ke kaloku Balcerowicz msebenzi yi Ukraine. Poland yaba lilungu EU, kodwa kuya kubanceda "therapy kukothuka" kweli xesha?

biography

The Economist Polish elizayo Ndazalelwa kwidolophu encinane Lipno, ekummandla phakathi Wroclaw kunye Poznan ngo-1947. Ukususela ebuntwaneni wabonakalisa amandla okukwazi elungileyo ukufunda. Ngowe-1970, Leshek Baltserovich waphumelela kwiSebe lezoRhwebo yaNgaphandle e Warsaw Main School of loCwangciso manani iimbeko. Kamva ke waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe amazwe. Ngowe-1974, Balcerowicz wafumana isidanga inkosi ukusuka eSt Johns University, apho ibekwe eNew York. Emva koko, wabuyela Warsaw. Apho 1975 wayezithethelela idizeteyishini yakhe zobugqirha. Ngo-1980, Balcerowicz wajoyina i "ubunye". Kwaphikisayo Communist Party ziquka zizifundiswa ezininzi pro-Western, technocrats esizukulwaneni sakhe. Balcerowicz akazange adlale indima ebalulekileyo "solidarity", kodwa ebekuthanda ukusebenza kunye "Network." Le yokugqibela yi imanyano iinkampani ukuba simanyene phantsi kwephiko iqela. Ngoko ke, ukuba "unyango kukothuka" ePoland. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze aguqule routine kuqoqosho emarikeni.

umsebenzi Early

Njengoko Wabhala yakhe, omnye lo "solidarity" Iinkokeli kuphela Balcerowicz angafika ingcamango yokuba inkqubo yalo zenguqu kwezoqoqosho ngexesha inyama lizwe anikwa phezu amakhadi. Ngowe-1989, i-olawulayo Communist Party kunye nenkcaso wahlala phantsi etafileni thethwano. Kule ngxoxo, i wenguquko elizayo kuphela elinye nxaxheba. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kamva, Rakovsky kunye amaKomanisi emsebenzini. Ukuze amandla i "ubunye". Iminyaka 42 Leshek Baltserovich waba uSekela Prime Minister for Economy.

zizisulu

The first post Economist ebalulekileyo yaba cabinet lokuqala non-yobukomanisi, intloko ogama Tadeush Mazovetsky. Inkokeli "solidarity" leh Valensa wacanda abaninzi labaviwa kwisikhundla sikaSekela Prime Minister for Economic. abezoqoqosho abaninzi abadumileyo baye bashiya into enjalo. Kodwa Balcerowicz wavuma kwaye balahleke.

EPoland kwi-1980-1990

Le ixesha nzima kakhulu kubomi kweli lizwe. Inkqubo zemali sele selezitshabalalisile, kwakukho ukunqongophala jikelele, amaxabiso kancane kancane, nkqu unikezelo iimveliso ezingundoqo ligxojiwe kuqoqosho. Ngaphandle ukuyilwa iindlela zorhwebo ayikwazi ukuba akusebenzi. Kuphela ngale ndlela akwazi uzinzo kwezemali kunye emali. Balcerowicz wavuka maxesha anzima. Akukho ndlela utshintsho ukusuka socialism mveliso zazingekho kuqoqosho emarikeni. Yonke into ukuqala ukusuka ekuqaleni. Emva Balcerowicz washiya urhulumente, waza wabuyela kwinzululwazi. Wayefundisa e Warsaw, kwaye sele emandiyenze kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu American kwaye ubhale iincwadi ezininzi malunga namava Polish iinguqulelo. Noko ke, loo ngcamango yakhe akuzange ngokwaneleyo, oko kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya zonke yeengcinga xa befundisa.

Kwakhona, urhulumente

Ngowe-1994, i Economist akumanyileyo imikhosi kunye neenkokeli yangaphambili "solidarity" kwaye wadala Freedom Union, nto leyo intloko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iqela elitsha yaba likhulu ePoland. Kolu lonyulo ukuya epalamente ngo-1997, wafumana indawo yesithathu. Ngoko Leshek Baltserovich wabuyela ngamandla. Wabuya wabathabatha indawo kasekela inkulumbuso nemali umlungiseleli kwezoqoqosho. Ngo-2000, Balcerowicz, lulindele we mdibaniso sokonakalisa ekufuphi, wawushiya kurhulumente, ukuba watyelela Shevardnadze umcebisi, yaye ngowe-2001 waba ngumongameli we National Bank. Wayishiya loo isithuba ngo-2007. Kulo nyaka mnye wawongwa Brussels Ucinga-itanki isihloko "i wenguquko inkulu kwi European Union." Ngo-2008, i-yezoqoqosho iye waba ngomnye wamalungu abasibhozo kwiqela ingcali ye olwakheka ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo zentlekele yezimali kwihlabathi. Ngowe-2016 Balcerowicz wamiselwa ummeli kaMongameli Ukraine, iKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa.

Umongo kuphuculo

Ngo-1990, Poland ayekwimeko lobunzima systemic enzonzobila. Eli lizwe waphawula iziganeko ezifana ekuthotyweni kwinqanaba jikelele yobomi, emali kunye nokwehla lulonke kwimveliso. Isicwangciso ephumayo ukusuka crisis kubandakanya intshukumo iindlela zorhwebo, utshintsho kubume ubunini, de-lokubanga yoqoqosho, utshintsho kuwo onke amazinga. Isicwangciso Balcerowicz ziquka:

• A ngqongqo umgaqo-lawulo wemali ingqongqo. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemali kunye nokwanda kwenzala.
• Ukungabikho eshotayo mali. izibonelelo ezininzi irhafu sele irhoxisiwe, kwakunye nenkxaso-mali ukuze ukutya, amandla, izinto njalo njalo. D.
• Price nokuvulwa kwayo. Phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente kuphela amandla, amayeza, irenti kunye nezothutho lweerhafu.
• Ukuseka akakhethi convertibility zloty.
• Buqinile nkqubo lemali ezingqongqo. Sahlanganisa ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo indexation yemivuzo kunye nokusekwa amazinga aphezulu yerhafu ngokuqhubekayo.

iziphumo

Ngo-1990, urhulumente waqalisa ukuphumeza i 'therapy kukothuka ". Inkxaso yezolimo ziye irhoxisiwe. Urhulumente likwazile ukomeleza zloty. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini kwavela imali eshotayo, imali-mboleko yebhanki baye azifikeleleki. Ngoko ke, waqala ukudodobala lokuvelisa. Inani labemi ngokukhawuleza waqalisa peter miles ngaphandle. Kunye nentswelangqesho liye landa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, i "unyango umothuko", nangona mali elungeleleneyo yaye uye wanceda ukoyisa emali, kodwa iye yaba ngumba kwi kubunzima nzulu. Kwaba ke ndagqiba ekubeni athambe. Ngomhla ngokutsha wokuqala kwezoqoqosho, egxile ngasese olwalubekwe. Sele 1992 basisa iziqhamo yayo yokuqala.

Balcerowicz and Ukraine

Poland wakwazi ukoyisa ilifa yocwangciso kunye nolawulo koqoqosho kunye nakungena i-European Union. Nangona kunjalo, la mava aza kubanceda ukuba Ukraine? lokulungisa umnotho Poland abaye baphumelela, ngoku bazama ukuqhelana izinto ezintsha. "Therapy Umothuko" e Ukraine waqalisa nokuba urhulumente Yatsenyuk. Ngokutsho Balcerowicz, ibinceda siphephe ukuba kubenzima ngakumbi amaxesha. Ukholelwa ukuba into yokuqala ufuna ingqalelo kuphuhliso lwecandelo labucala. Oku kuthetha imfuneko lulwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ebalulekileyo ekulweni urhwaphilizo. abasemagunyeni abachaphazelekayo kufuneka umvuzo kwi ngokupheleleyo. Xa inyathelo elilandelayo Balcerowicz iceba ukubamba hryvnia uzinzo kunye nokwehla intsilelo mali. Ukraine luthintela nolwalamano olusondeleyo kwamandla kunye oligarchs. Kwaye oku kufuneka wezopolitiko. Enye yotshintsho wesithathu babucala. Ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle iinguqu ezifunekayo hayi ukubonakala kwawo. Kwaba njalo nako ukutsala imali Poland. Ngoko ke, Ukraine unako ukusebenza kuphela kuqoqosho lwabo wesizwe kwaye babonise iziphumo zokwenyani. Awukwazi ukuzithethelela ukusilela lalo namaxesha anzima. Abatyali kufuneka iziphumo, hayi isiqinisekiso of kwazo kwixesha elizayo. Xa bona, Ukraine ziya kufumana kakhulu-kwakufuneka ekungeneni kwakhe yotyalo-mali.