TPP - kukuba? Ukrainian TPPs

amandla Ukrainian ubunjwe esivelisa iinkampani zonke iintlobo kunokwenzeka - izityalo wamandla oshushu, izitishi zamandla ngamanzi, izityalo amandla enyukliya. Uzinzo uhlobo lokuqala iphenjelelwa ngamandla ziimeko ekhoyo kwezoqoqosho, ukugxagxiseka apho kungenxa yokuba izinto yehlise amalahle kunye Donbass.

Guquka TPP

Ngenxa yoko, mavi - isityalo amandla, apho iiyunithi amandla kuqala atshintshelwe amandla combusted amafutha ezizizembiwa imichiza (amalahle, igesi, neoli) abe ngamandla obushushu zomphunga, uze emva koko amandla eziqhutywa plane turbines kunye neejenereyitha yolunye, yaye ekugqibeleni ibe amandla ombane uyasuswa nge i engathi ye stator ukuya lombane ngamandla.

TPP ingaba eziluncedo amandla kunye nomthamo amawaka aliqela MW, nazo zonke izinto ezincinci kakhulu ukusuka embalwa ezilikhulu kW ukuya MW eziliqela.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo njalo luhambisana ukutshiswa sisibaso ezizizembiwa isidoda emoyeni ye umthamo omkhulu yerhasi ulwelo, i mavi - kuba yinto embi ungcoliseko ngumba yokusingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi zezi nkampani usoloko phantsi koqwalaselo nje inkonzo karhulumente yolawulo yokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu.

ngezigaba TPP

Oku kwenziwa ngokususela yoyilo kweeyunithi zabo ngamandla. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

1. kwibhoyila-injini izityalo amandla thermal - ES kulinyathelo mandatory ekuvelisweni zomphunga. Njengenxenye kwiiyunithi zabo lwamandla boilers zomphunga turbines umphunga. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi:

• Ukujiya ES (ngengeniso). Kweli xesha eSoviet babebizwa karhulumente amandla yesithili (TPP). Bathi ukuvelisa umbane kuphela.

• ubushushu Ludityanisiwe kunye namandla (mn). Le nkampani kufuneka, xa nshita ngengeniso, ngaphandle ukuvelisa umbane, ngakumbi ngakumbi umsebenzi zemveliso zomphunga amanzi ashushu ukufudumeza.

2. ES segesi. Ezi Energoagregat akukho boilers umphunga, injini irhasi kunye amandla drive kokutshintsha iigesi ulwelo ashushu eziveliswa ngokutshiswa amafutha (igesi yendalo, diesel).

3. Ludityanisiwe-cycle izityalo amandla thermal - i-analogue of mn apho umphunga iveliswa ngenxa ubushushu ntsalela zegesi ulwelo alahlwa evela turbines igesi.

4. Diesel Electric.

5. Combined ES.

Iimpawu Jikelele Amandla Ukraine

Eli lizwe izityalo amandla enyukliya ezine, lo ndachithelwa ezintlanu station enamandla ngamanzi kwi Dnieper, Dniester PSP, inani lezikhululo zamandla ngamanzi phezu kwemilambo Transcarpathian, kwakunye malunga amahlanu TPP kunye CHPP namandla ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka 20 MW (eLviv TPP-1) ukuya ku 3600 MW, nto leyo ke isityalo inkulu amandla thermal - Zaporizhia. It unawo amandla efanayo Uglegorsk TPS, kodwa ukusondela kumgca ngxabano apha kweli Donbass, kwaye asebenze part-time.

E Ukraine enobunye System Energy (YO), olubandakanya elinesine TPP, izityalo ezine amandla enyukliya, izityalo ezisixhenxe lombane, ezintathu zokugcina ngomtshini, kwakunye mn, izitishi zamandla ngamanzi amancinci alithoba anesixhenxe, iifama umoya, njalo njalo SES. Umthamo olufakelweyo Electric ECO Ukraine yi 53.780.000 kWh . Ngo-2012 ukuba aveza 198 119 000 000 kW ∙ h umbane.

Kule sityalo samandla senyukliya lunikiwe ngamandla esitalini kungakhathaliseki ixesha womnatha ka imini, kunye TPP Ukraine, kunye HPP zayo zokusebenza kunye namandla bume, wawutyabeka iincopho diurnal.

Inkampani main esivelisa

ukuveliswa kombane ndawonye kwi UPS of Ukraine wathwala ES akwi iinkampani ezisixhenxe esivelisa. Kwezi, iinkampani amane umthamo opheleleyo efakiweyo ye million 18.2 kW - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - yinxalenye IDonetsk Fuel and Energy Company (DTEK), nto leyo, ngenxa inkampani ebamb 'System Management Capital " olawula oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. inkampani Small "Donbassenergo" ezinomlinganiselo efakiweyo kwezigidi 2,855 Township elawula inkampani "Energoinvest Holding" evela IDonetsk. Ekugqibeleni, ezi nkampani zimbini ezisele phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente. Oku "Centerenergo" kunye namandla oomatshini million 7,575 kilowatts kunye Nak "Enerhoatom 'namandla oomatshini ka-14, kilowatts million 140.

Iingxaki Ukrainian TPPs

Eyona ngxaki inkulu lunciphiso ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni amalahle evela Donbass, kwakunye nokungabikho kwemali yokuthenga yayo. amalahle intsilelo ithini yingxaki eqhelekileyo yonke imimandla kunye neenkampani esivelisa.

Juni waqalisa, kunye noninzi TPP nangoku isiqingatha elinento. March no April yamalahle izityalo amandla thermal Ukraine lanyuka ukusuka 750 ukuya amawaka 850. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Uze ugcine ukuya ekuqaleni kwexesha zokufudumeza, ubuncinane 3 million tons, kwaye nkqu olungcono - ukuya kwi-4 million amalahle.

Ukuba warehouses bazaliswe kade enye, ngoko ke ubusika baziqwebele akukho ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.3-1.5 iitoni namalahle. Ngelo esitokisini ezifanayo abana- yasebusika yokugqibela kwakufuneka ukuqalisa inkqubo asenokuvela wawuphela, kwaye amazwe ECO nje ziye kuphela ngenxa amalahle Russian kunye nombane.

Noko ke, ekugqibeleni Ubusika kakhulu eshushu. Ukuba kuyabanda kuya kuba kubi ngakumbi, kunye namalahle iya kuhlala njengoko iingxaki ezincinane kuqala ifuthe kwaye ebalulekileyo kakhulu ngaphambili kwi abemi kunye namashishini (leyo basaqhubekeka ukubamba).

Xa ihlobo TPP kufuneka asebenze kwi nokuphungulwa amandla ukuze kusilela yayo ECO ifikelela 3 million kW. Ngokutsho namava kunyaka ophelileyo, kwangoko ebusika oko kwandiswa ukuya kwizigidi ezi-6 kW, uze phantsi komqathango wokuba babengayi lwadamba kuneqabaka nzima.

uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kwicandelo amandla Ukraine

Ekupheleni kuka May, kwakukho iziganeko ezimbini ukuphakama-iprofayile enxulumene TPP stop. Ngenxa yoko, inkampani "Donbassenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS bema, kwaye inkampani karhulumente i "Centrenergo" - ukusebenza Zmiev TPP kummandla eKharkiv.

Kulo mzekelo, siyeke Slavic TPP umniniyo wagxeka urhulumente Ukrainian, inkampani wala ukuhlawula umbane ekubonelelwe. Le ngxaki iye izandi ezincinane ezicacileyo kwezopolitiko, ukususela enye lwesityalo amandla thermal yenkampani "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - ise-Dni. Ityala lilonke benkampani karhulumente "Energy", eziphambili iindawo zonke iinkampani energogeneneriruyuschimi kunye nonikezelo lwamandla, phambi kokuba "Donbassenergo" namhlanje ifikelela malunga $ 72 million ngamaxabiso exchange yangoku.

Zmiev TPP samisa umsebenzi kuphela ngenxa yokunqongophala amalahle, nto leyo kuphela ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela iyuniti enye. Noko ke, oko disadvantageous ngokwezoqoqosho. Ngoko ke, isikhululo lithemba ukuba ugcine namalahle iiyunithi ezimbini-amathathu.