"Le ukuvutha imvula" (SHukshin): Uhlalutyo esibalisayo

iprozi Russian ye gqira inee- ngemisebenzi evakalisa nombono entsha emhlabeni. Endaweni loncwadi ubuxoki isikhulu iincwadi mbalwa iziganeko ezininzi zembali, wayi evakalayo kakhulu ayintsokothanga. Kakade ke, lo ngqo anti-Bolshevism bungenjengezolo kuye inkqubo bohlwaywe ngokuqatha. Zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi ababhali banikwa uyalahlwa azicacanga kakhulu collectivization leyo eye yabangela umonakalo noqhekeko kwindlela ezisemaphandleni Russian. Enye yezi imisebenzi ebhaliweyo Vasily Shukshin ( "imvula Ukuvutha"). Uhlalutyo ngxelo ibonisa indawo lobuqu umbhali ngokunxulumene iinkqubo fratricidal ukuthatha indawo kwilizwe lethu ngasekupheleni-20 nasekuqaleni imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

indaba

Undoqo kweli bali iingxoxo laconic abalinganiswa ezimbini eziphambili: yosongo-collectivizers Yefim Bedareva nowayesakuba ngenqindi uCyril. Baya kuthi kwisithuba bahlulwe window lokuvula. Olu donga imele umqobo ngokwasengqondweni phakathi amaqhawe ezimbini. Ababesakuba ziintshaba uthetha kakhulu ngoxolo, encediswa izinto ezimbini esinzima: enye disputants ogula, kunye nezinye nje ongenayo ngxwaba. Talk ufanelwe ukuhlalutya ngokwahlukileyo isishwankathelo yayo. SHukshin nokukhanya imvula, eziqale kusasa, kakhulu, ngokubhekisele njengophawu lokuhlanjululwa.

Maxa wambi, kukho ezinye abalinganiswa, ugqirha kunye isibhedlele zezithili intombi yesigulane, owayevele esixekweni. Le ncoko laconic kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezikhethiweyo amagama athile kunye namabinzana, engavakaliyo kwabanye. Ibali liphela kokufa Efim kunye uCyril uphambuko, obegalelwe intloko evela emazulwini wathulula imvula ukuvutha efudumeleyo. SHukshin ngenjongo ungatshatiyo ulungisa ukuphendula, enika umfundi ukuvavanya iziganeko ngokwabo.

Uhlalutyo lwamaxesha

Eli bali yabhalwa ngo-1966. Xa sicingela ukuba iziganeko ukuba kwenzeke malunga ngexesha elinye njengoko abalinganiswa abaphambili kwixesha ebonakalayo ukuhluthwa abalimi waba eko zakhe, oko kuthathwa ukuba bobabini kuthabathele kominyaka imashumi mathandathu ukuya amathandathu anesihlanu, oku ubudala uhlalutyo yabo. Shukshin "kukhanya imvula" wabhala isizukulwana koontanga ngabazali babo, le yenye imixholo yakhe ayithandayo. Age ichazwa njenge ugqirha oselula 'ukuya' etyeni. " Injalo loo nto, emva kokuphela mfo nemedina wavuka zisasazwe iziko kwisithili, apho ukuza kuthi ga wazuza amava. Umelwe ukuba ukunyanga wonke, kwaye ukusuka iintlobo ezininzi izifo. Kwezi wafumana ugqirha omkhulu. Naxa Bedareva intombi, Nina, ngenxa yakhe, kancinane yaziwa, kodwa kucacile ukuba uthanda uyise wayo kwaye ophethwe yokwahlukana kuye, kucacile asabela wayo ngokufa komzali. UNina - umfazi ngo- budala njengoko yena VM Shukshin. "Imvula Ukuvutha" ngqo echukumisa phezu ukuzalana phakathi kooyise nabantwana. Bayathandana in Russian, kungekhona ngenxa nantoni na, kodwa ngenxa yokuba - igazi mnye. Oko ke ngoko, kwaye kukho ithemba lokuba ziya kuhlala.

Ingxoxo ngaphandle amagama

At ekuqaleni kwebali "imvula ukuvutha" Shukshin zibangel umfundi yimbonakalo ngequbuliso a ophambili twisisaka. Kwi window ivulekile kumsitho kwentwasahlobo kukho intloko esikhulu lambskin cap. awasabela yomguli yaba kakhulu esebenzayo, wazama ukufumana phezulu, amehlo akhe iphangalele xhungu. Abamenyiweyo wazama ukudambisa Yefim, wawangawangisa ngesandla sakhe ngokungathi ngokwalatha wabonakala irrelevance kwemithetho yobuntu kwiimeko ezinjalo, wabatyhilela umnqweno yakhe ukukha aye kuvelela "poprovedat", yaye kwangaxeshanye wambuza ngayo izinto ngezenzo. Lo mahluko yokuziphatha kwabantu ababini elide-eziqhelekileyo zibonisa amazinga awohlukeneyo ukuzithemba, ubonisa uhlalutyo elula kwengqondo. Shukshin "kukhanya imvula," yena wathi, njengokuba umntu oqolileyo, iminyaka engama-37 ubudala - yobudala apho umntu kukwazi ukuphonononga ukuziphatha abanye imiqondiso non-ngomlomo. amehlo uCyril kaThixo, elingumthombo, akucaci apho ungajonga, mhlawumbi kwi Yefim, kwaye singakwazi, ngalo okanye ngaphambili. Oku, kunye nenye incoko phezu kwefestile, nto leyo maxa wambi yayame lundwendwe zibonisa abangenabubele malunga undwendwela kwindoda endala abagulayo. KwiNdlu, akazange weza.

ezimbini zehlabathi

Enoba babesima nezijekulo interlocutors imazwi maninzi, eli incoko yabo kakhulu ngokucacileyo ivakaliswe ngomlomo. Kucacile, nangona sendlela okuza kuphela ngokukhawuleza ngayo incoko, nantsi isishwankathelo esifutshane. Shukshin "imvula ukuvutha" wadalwa ibali malunga wengxabano iingcamango ezimbini, ebe lwalo abalinganiswa bakhe. Cyril - dekulakized umlimi, xa kwawa Isiphelo sakhe enetyala Yefim, ngumququzeleli yasemaphandleni. Nangona yamaBolshevik igama elidala ukuba wenza kakuhle, le fown uyazi ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu. Asikwazi kuthi ukuba ngenqindi yangaphambili nzima, kodwa oko akuthethi ukubonisa schadenfreude. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ufuna ukuba ixesha lokuthetha into ebalulekileyo ekugqibeleni, yaye wayebonakala woyika yokuba efika emva kwexesha. Nkqu qua ndelelo "ukukhasa" KIRILL ngoyaba. Akanalo ixesha baman, ufuna ukuqonda utshaba yayo yangaphambili. yamahlwempu bawagqogqa ukhumbula iziganeko kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-amathathu eyadlulayo, ngokubuza imibuzo, kodwa akazange afune impendulo ecacileyo.

Efim

Intransigence - yiloo nto Shukshin wabhala "imvula Ukuvutha." Uhlalutyo ibali sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba abalinganiswa ezimbini eziyintloko nantoni musa uzisole. Kodwa ukuba KIRILL yenza Ukuzama ukuqonda lokukhuthazwa Efim, yamaBolshevik cliches yembono onoxanduva ubudala, engafuni nokuba okomzuzwana lokucinga ukuchaneka yezenzo zabo. isazela sakhe, ngenxa yokwamkelwa yakhe, akabi ungandithuthumbisi. Ngesibindi ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha oselula, nangona, eneneni, yokoyika kuza ukufa, ucinga ukuba ungaphela ngolu nje kubukho bukaThixo lokwenyaniso. It uyothuka kunye neentlungu oluzayo. Kodwa xa ugqirha ezama ukususa umthombo, ngokucacileyo enzima, umguli ngesiquphe wala. Yefim Kwakhona kufuneka ukuthetha. Ndiya kuquqela kuvela ukuba kukho zimbalwa Ziyatha (kwaye ngoko ingqalelo ngokwakhe smart). Waza wamangaliswa ngeendleko umntu uCyril wayefuna ukuba sisityebi.

KIRILL

Bawagqogqa Cyril Shukshin Vasiliy Makarovich nazo idealize. Le womlimi esiqhelekileyo, iphupha ogama ezingundoqo kambe ubutyebi. Omnye umba kukuba akayi into baphupha kwiibhanki zabo, amabhotwe kunye ezinde. Waba yaneleyo endlwini yakhe, kukho inani lempahla efuywayo, a eka ezimbalwa komhlaba kunye nenkululeko ukuba uliphathe. Cyril ayikwazi ukuqonda; ntoni Yefim waqhekeza ibandla, wabatshabalalisa ubomi bakhe kunye nezinye zasemaphandleni "loo maphalo" ngubani wazuza ubutyebi ngokusebenza nzima. Noko ke, naye angambulali utshaba lwakhe, nangona kungenzeka enjalo yena. Uxolo lo "ezingaqhelekanga", nto leyo ngaphambili ngokuba Ziyatha ezingcwele. Yena azame ukuyiqonda Yefim lomzabalazo, kodwa yena waphendula wathi ngokuba kuphela esisinyabi yena. Lenza kunye nabasebenzi yonke esibhedlele ( "ogloedy"). KIRILL iimvakalelo embi utshaba lwakhe akufi singabi nazo.

Ukubonakala ngabo

kugweba ethembekileyo imbonakalo hero akavumeli nawuphi na umbhalo ngokupheleleyo okanye isishwankathelo kwabo. Shukshin "imvula ukuvutha" wabhala wathi, njengoko ubani athi ngabapeyinti, ngqindilili kunye omzimba enkulu. Yefim ubuhle mnyama, udiniwe esi sifo. Ngandlel 'ithile, kubonakala ezingcakacileyo, ephantsi, ngokungafaniyo uCyril, umnini nentloko enkulu, yaye kuyabonakala ukuba ngokomlinganiselo somzimba wakhe. umntu amandla ibingayi wasinda elubhacweni kunye dekulakized ezikuwo, ukhumbuza interlocutor wakhe malunga naloo nto.

Kwelinye abalinganiswa Kwakhona kancinci emva kokufunda ibali 'imvula ukuvutha. " Shukshin Ninu, Yefim intombi, uchaza njengomfazi amathathu, kodwa ugqirha oselula okhankanywe.

Iimpawu kunye nomgubo

Ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nombhali ithatha umdla womfundi, ukuba ezingabo imizuzu yokugqibela ubomi yamaBolshevik endala. Umoya obhabhama ekhohlela ebizinyikimisa umzimba wakhe zishwabene, ukuma ungenamandla engqengqe ngomqolo ezama ukuphakamisa umntu libuna lomlilo luzidla luzigqibe umzimba ngaphakathi, inkungu eshushu, isilingi zooswingi neendonga, yonke le miqondiso zomhlaza engaqhelekanga sichazwe V. M. Shukshin. "Le ukuvutha imvula", ibali ngokubanzi, wakha lolayisho ngokwalo kwaye hayi iinkcukacha okungeyomfuneko, ekupheleni uba eneenkcukacha kakhulu. Ukuba umbhali ufuna bathi umfundi? Mhlawumbi kunjalo, waza wagxininisa ukuba wazalisekisa isiprofeto Cyril ngokufa enzima njenge ibonakalisa ubulungisa ophakamileyo kubaphuli abantu. In nguThixo zombini iqhawe webali musa ukukholwa, kodwa ngenqindi yangaphambili uyazi ukuba ngenxa nje akukho nto yenzekayo ehlabathini, kungeso kubukho bukaThixo ngokwenene bakubize nzima.

leaf eliyimfihlakalo

Kulo msebenzi, kukho into ebangel 'umdla gqitha ngaphezu umfundi amabali abacingayo Vasily Shukshin leyo phantse zange ziqulathe nantoni na ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngexesha kokufa Efim, umzimba bizkit xa ilele phezu kwesi ngqengqelo, kwenzeka nje ezintathu iziganeko mystically coinciding. ngequbuliso uCyril livela, kunoko, ilizwi lakhe ecela ukuba kubi. Emva koko, ngefestile ongena isiqwenga sephepha, kwaye akucaci nokuba iphoswe Imbumba isithuba ngabom, okanye wangena ibhudlwa ngumoya. Kwaye ngoko iqala ukuvutha imvula, Shukshin ibali ogama imbeko kulo meko yendalo. Njani na ezi ziganeko? Yintoni kanye ababhala eli phepha? Oko kuthathwa ngokuba le yintshumayelo bafuna ukunika uCyril utshaba ubudala, kodwa akabanga nabuganga. Umfundi unikwa ilungelo lokuba aphendule le mibuzo ngokwakho.

lingantoni na eli bali

Oku ibali elilula, kungekhona ngenxa abathandi yokuzonwabisa bengasebenzi fiction wawabhala Shukshin Vasiliy Makarovich. Amabali lo mbhali enkulu, iye yaba Classic mihla, njalo into ukufundisa, banalo engundoqo yokuziphatha kunye ingqiqo enzulu. Ngoko ke yintoni isixelela imveliso zezifundo oko kufundiswa umfundi?

Enyanisweni, njengaye nawuphi na umsebenzi abanetalente, eli bali ezininzi. Yena kuqala malunga ubuchule ukuxolela. Emva uCyril, beshiya izadunge imvula kwaye squishing qhiwu umnqwazi wakhe, wazisola tormentor kwakhe, naye akazange azi ukuba kutheni.

Kwaye eli bali ngothando. Ntombi iwela ngamadolo phambi umzimba kayise, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, wayesazi elincinane uthando lwabazali.

Kwaye lo msebenzi ingcamango lokuhlanjululwa yokuziphatha. Nokukhanya imvula, njengamanzi engcwele, ukuhlamba konke ukungcola, umsindo, ezingasetyenziswanga kwiminyaka emininzi egeza KIRILL.

Zonke ezi amaqela iimpawu zamaKristu eziphambili ezintathu, Ukholo, nethemba, nothando. Le imvula ngokwenene ixatyiswe.