Le nyikima yomeleleyo eKamchatka, apho baye khona?

Ena - ezintle yaye kungakholeleki udini ukuya Russian Far East. Idla ekuthethwa ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwi inkcazelo izinto ezikude. Umzekelo, bonke abafundi bazi ukuba nebhetshi yokugqibela kwiklasi ebizwa ngokuba "ena". Nangona kunjalo, lo mmandla inee- ithandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi. Yena ivela, kwaye nabakhenkethi eze apha. Nangona abaninzi ukugxotha inyikima ezinqabileyo kodwa enamandla eKamchatka.

Inkcazelo ndawo

I ena Peninsula uhlanjiweyo yi kuLwandle Okhotsk ukuya ngasentshona noLwandle wethu ukuya ngasempuma. Ekubeni elidityaniswe kuyo nezwe kwisiqwenga somhlaba obhityileyo kakhulu ogama ububanzi kwezinye iindawo lingaphantsi kwe-100 km. okwimpuma yeli kakubi layitshabalalisa, ukuze kwasekwa zokupaka enzulu. Apha ke ubizwa kummandla ena, nto leyo Russian Federation.

isimo uzamazama

Yommandla lo uphela kakhulu izinzile, kodwa inyikima kufuphi nonxweme eKamchatka asinto ingaqhelekanga. It uthengwayo yeyomnye kwimimandla seismically esebenzayo kwi Russian Federation, kodwa iingcali ngokusondeleyo emva umsebenzi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kwaye uzame phambili ukuze alumkise uluntu losingasiqithi of Barr kunokwenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke iinyikima ezenzeka kummandla ka-30 ukuya 150 km kwimpuma lizwe. Noko ke, maxa wambi uyothuka anamandla kakhulu kangangokuba ngamandla waziva phezu komhlaba buthelezi. Ukongeza, ezi inyikima ehamba izaliswe Amaza eyomeleleyo neetsunami.

Imbali uyazi ukuba iziphumo inyikima eKamchatka kuba kubi kakhulu, ngoko ke iingcali MoE kunye nesikhokelo udini nzulu kakhulu ukusebenza ukuthintela labemi Barr kunokwenzeka.

geography

Usingasiqithi likwaqhuba emininzi imilambo, omnye kubo, igama elifanayo ena, nokuba ezifanelekileyo ukuthunyelwa. Ezi imifula yeqhelekileyo abalandeli ukuqabela amanzi emhlophe. Apha kuza a lot of abalandeli lo mdlalo obukhulu.

Kukwakho amachibi ezininzi entle, uninzi lwazo imvelaphi ziitectonic plates. Ke benziwa ngenxa ukududulelwa le ziitectonic plates le planethi. Esinye seziphumo kuba, mhlawumbi, le inyikima eKamchatka.

Enye yeendawo idumileyo eKamchatka nguye Valley of Njengemigqomo, nto leyo iqukiwe kuluhlu ezisixhenxe ebalulekileyo of Russia. Ngenxa ukudilika enkulu iminyaka eliqela Igiza abasekho, yaye izazinzulu ezininzi zithi ukuba elide le nto yendalo azisayi luzalwe. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, its not. imvula Heavy zihlanjiwe kunokudala ubumdaka emilanjeni, ngoku abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba nkqu Igiza waba ngaphezu ukuya kule ntlekele yemvelo.

mlilo

Mlilo enye ezinika eziphambili mmandla. Kufuneka ke ukuba iingxaki ezivelayo nkqu kunye inkcazelo kobungakanani zabo kummandla eKamchatka. amanani imithombo eyahlukeneyo ziyahluka ukusuka ezingamakhulu ambalwa amawaka mlilo.

Malunga emithathu kweshumi kubo bakhuthele nindijulele emoyeni isixa esikhulu wentaba-mlilo. Ena iinyikima zidla ngokubangelwa mlilo.

Iyeyona iphezulu kwezi Kluchevskoy. ukuphakama kwayo 4750 m. Ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Iinyikima XVIII-XIX eminyaka

Le nyikima yokuqala, nâzo encwadini yeembali-mbali nabaphandi kummandla lisukela emva Oktobha 1737. Xa le nkcazelo, waza wabukela amaza tsunami. Ngelishwa, kukho iingxelo ezibhaliweyo ambalwa ezo ziganeko, njengoko mmandla baqala kuphela ukuphuhlisa.

Ekupheleni nenyikima ngenkulungwane XVIII e eKamchatka liqale, njengokuba ufunda irekhodi weefayili yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Ukususela ngoko olu suku waqhuba uphando ngala ngezenzeko zendalo kwi inkcitho yonyaka 1791-1792. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, nyikima enezinto. Kwaye abanye bathi ukuba wamtyhala enye abanamandla. Le nyaniso, nangona kunjalo, exoka xa kungekho naziphi na iirekhodi ngumtshangatshangiso itsunami leyo ukuze kwakheke yokothuka yakwenza enjalo.

Malunga phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, kwabakho omnye ukunyikima komhlaba. Spring kusasa ubukhulu ubuninzi umothuko wamva Meyi 18, 1841 kwaba 8.4, yaye yayiqhubeka malunga imizuzu eli-15. Oko kwabhalwa yomonakalo ezahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo, abanye babo iifestile ezaphukileyo. Kwakhona, izazinzulu ziye wachaza ukunyuka ngokuphindaphindiweyo nokuwa inqanaba lamanzi elwandle.

XX kwekhulu

Khulu lokugqibela leminyaka akazange azise naziphi na izinto ezothusayo - ukuzola e eKamchatka ayikho. Februwari 3, 1923 yaba inyikima yokuqala enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelele nokulatyuza 8 yeemitha ukuphakama. Kukho ezimbalwa data kwi amaxhoba le ntlekele. Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuba kuphindwa, kodwa a umothuko wamva ngamandla ubukhulu ezincinane kancinci.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XX yabalasela ngomnye iinyikima ezinamandla kakhulu embi eKamchatka. November 5, 1952 yaba umhla ntlekele yangoku ukuba kwabulawa amawaka abahlali kunye yachithwa yonke kwidolophu Severo-Kurilsk. Le nombindi wenyikima yaba iikhilomitha nje-20 ukusuka emdeni ena Peninsula. Amandla kwaba phantse ngokukhawuleza wakhula itsunami enkulu. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha-18. ukunyikima ezingeyomfuneko, nangona enamandla, ayizange yenze umonakalo. Le ntlekele babedlala ngenxa yamandla amanzi.

Emva igagasi lokuqala zabahlali bankwantya amakhaya abo. Emva kokuba ukurhoxiswa yamanzi kufuneka babuyele. Nantsi ke loo mpazamo ebulalayo. Emva kwemizuzu engama-20 emva kokuba igagasi lokuqala kwafika omnye, ezinamandla nezonakalisayo ngakumbi. Yaba imbangela yokufa ezininzi. Emva kwakhe kwafika omnye, kodwa ungenamandla.

Le ntlekele yaba sizathu siphambili ukuyilwa kwenkqubo itsunami isilumkiso central kweli lizwe.

ukunyikima yakutshanje

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi, ena gqolo sihlupheka yiyo ziintshukumo zenyikima. Ngowe-2006, kwakukho enye inyikima, kodwa kubulelwe ulwazi kwangethuba amaxhoba wakwazi ukubaleka. Kwathatha ukufudusa likaxakeka omalunga 1000 abahlali.

iinyikima yokugqibela ena kwenzeka kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, ebusika ka-2016. Izazinzulu baloba iingcangcazela zezulu 7.3, nto leyo ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Komhlaba ena Januwari 30 ningothuswa abahlali abaninzi ngokukhawuleza wemka ngenxa yokoyika yenkxwaleko yabo amakhaya abo. Izakhiwo lawuzamazamisayo kakhulu kunene, ezishelfini eziwayo izinto kunye neencwadi. Nabancedi bakholelwa ithamsanqa ukuba inyikima eyenzeka eKamchatka 30,01 ngomhla phakathi. Nabenzi boluvo wabhala nongcangcazelo yokuqala 15:25 ngexesha sendawo. EMoscow ngelo xesha ke ekuseni - 6:25.

Komhlaba ena January 30, 2016 kwenzeka kumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-100 ukusuka kwisixeko Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kwakunye nobunzulu phantse 200 km.
Emva kokugqiba umothuko wamva iingcaphephe ezihloliweyo ngenyameko isakhiwo iintanda. Ngethamsanqa, amaxhoba kunye amaxhoba Kuye kwabikwa.