Kwiinkonzo zamandulo of India yamandulo (ngokufutshane)

India - ilizwe kunye, inkcubeko abayinqobo umdla kakhulu kwaye ezabo iinkolelo yayo yoqobo. Akuthandeki ukuba naliphi na elinye ilizwe - ngaphandle mhlawumbi ukuba eYiputa yamandulo kunye Greece - kukho iinkolelo ezininzi kangaka nangamabali izibhalo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa kule usingasiqithi nelaye lasisiseko uluntu. Abanye bathi ukuba eli lizwe - enye iindlalifa uphambili nenkcubeko yabantu Aryan abafika apha kwabafileyo Arctis. kwiinkonzo zamandulo samandulo India - Vedism - kamva similise ubuHindu ukhona namhlanje.

History of India ngokufutshane

Yokugcwalisa izizwe yamandulo izwekazi Indian bafudukela evela ekuzingeleni angamahilihili kwezolimo bahlalele 6-7 amawaka. BC. e. Ekupheleni kuka-3 amawaka. Kule ndawo sele kukho inkcubeko ephuhliswe kakhulu-yohlobo ezidolophini zokuhlala. ibizwa ngokuba "Harappan" Abaphengululi mihla. Le impucuko phantse a eliwaka. Emizini amandulo Indian Harappan zaphuhliswa kakuhle lwabaxongxi kwakukho iklasi osisityebi zorhwebo. Yintoni ephosakeleyo le nkcubeko - bengaziwa. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kukho intlekele enkulu-isikali, ngoxa abanye bakholelwa ukuba izixeko zizityebi zeli xesha, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, nje zawa baza bamshiya.

Kamva, e-Indiya ixesha elide yayilawulwa ubukhosi Muslim. Ngowe-1526, le mimandla woyisa Khan Babur, emva koko India yaba yinxalenye ubukhosi omkhulu ka Mughals. Uyekwa urhulumente kuphela ngo-1858 yi-yamakoloni yaseBritani.

History of inkolo

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, eli lizwe gqolo walandela omnye komnye:

• inkolo eVedic of India yamandulo.
• Hinduism. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le unqulo nakolu-India. abalandeli bayo ngaphezu kwe-80% yabemi.
• Buddhism. Kule mihla Ukuvunywa yabemi.

iinkolelo okuqala

Vedism - unqulo zindala India yamandulo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba wabonakala kweli lizwe kwexesha elithile emva yokuduka kwabaxhamla omkhulu karhulumente yamandulo - Arctis. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi nenguqulelo esemthethweni, kodwa eneneni umdla kakhulu kwaye acacise kakhulu. Ngokutsho lo mbono, kudala ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, sele isukile axis omhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, imozulu litshintshile kakhulu. In Arctida ebekwe okanye kwi-North Pole, okanye kwimimandla mihla kumazwekazi polar kwakubanda kakhulu. Ngoko ke, abahlala kwiindawo zayo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuthutha ekuyeni ikhweyitha. Abathile kuwo bemka baya Phakathi kunye Yuzhnyy phambene, wakha isixeko apha Observatory, uze emva koko - ukuba kuMbindi Mpuma. Enye inxalenye wafudukela ngaphesheya yaseScandinavia kwaye i Valdai Hills. Xa ekubunjweni inkcubeko kunye nonqulo Indian baya isebe wesithathu, ifikelele mpuma Asia yaye kamva, ugalelwe abemi zemveli kwezi ndawo - Dravidians.

Le ngcamango

Enyanisweni, Vedism - unqulo zindala India yamandulo - kukuba lokuqala ubuHindu. Kuye akukho kusasazwe kulo lonke elo lizwe, kodwa kuphela inxalenye - Uttar kunye East Punjab. Ngokutsho nenguqulelo esemthethweni, kulapha kunye Vedism wazalwa. Kuba amarhamente le nkolo waphawulwa deification yonke indalo xa iyonke nezibilini zayo iziganeko ezithile zentlalo. A sabaphathi ocacileyo oothixo Vedism ayisekho. Ihlabathi uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu engundoqo - ehlabathini, esibhakabhakeni kunye umda eliphakathi - antarizhnu (thelekisa ubunyani Slavic, Navyu kunye ekunene). Ngamnye nezigwinta kumkhawulela oothixo ezithile. Laliphakamisa kwaye umdali engundoqo - Purusha.

Veda

Leyo ke yinkolo zindala Indiya yakudala, siya ngokufutshane ukuthetha nawe. Okulandelayo, masenze kujongana yintoni Vedas - sibhalo yayo esisiseko.

Okwangoku, le ncwadi yenye imisebenzi zindala ezingcwele. Kukholelwa ukuba eminyaka i Vedas yadluliselwa kuphela ngelizwi lomlomo - ukusuka afundise abafundi. Malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, i Vyasadeva silumko kuye kubhalwe kuzo. Le ncwadi, ngoku okunene ababengakholelwa Vedas, yahlulwe ezine (Turia) - "Rig Veda", "Sama", "Yajur Veda" yaye "Atharva Veda".

Iqulathe umsebenzi mantras kunye neengoma, ebhalwe vesi kunye nabasebenzi nesikhokelo ababingeleli Indian (imithetho nemitshato, imingcwabo kunye nezinye imibhiyozo). Kwakhona unalo kupela yonyango kwabantu enze zonke iintlobo kwezithethe zobugqi. Intsomi kunye nenkolo of India yamandulo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukongeza Vedas, i Puranas na. Bachaza kwimbali yendalo iphela, nomnombo wookumkani Indian namaqhawe.

Ukuvela iinkolelo yamaHindu

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, unqulo zindala India yamandulo - Vedism - similise ubuHindu yanamhlanje. Oku kwakungenxa, kuyabonakala ukuba, ubukhulu becala ekomelezeni ngcembe yempembelelo kubomi loluntu ngokuphathelele Brahmin. Unqulo updated simisela uluhlu lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni ocacileyo oothixo. UMdali uza kuqala. Kukho emnye - uthole, uVishnu, Shiva. Uthole ukudlala indima umdali imithetho yentlalo yaye kwisahlulo umqalisi ethile oluntu ibe iindidi. Vishnu nehlonelwayo njengoko umkhuseli oyintloko Shiva - uthixo-like umbhuqi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ubuHindu kukho iindlela ezimbini. Vaishnavism uthi selesondele ekuhleni ezisibhozo Vishnu emhlabeni. Enye nabadlali ngexesha elinye kucingelwa ukuba Krishna, enye - Buddha. Abameli intsingiselo yesibini - ukunqulwa Shiva - ingakumbi ayeze uthixo wentshabalalo, sicinga ngexesha elifanayo umxhasi wenzala kunye nemfuyo.

Indima benkolo ephezulu yamaHindu baqalisa ukudlala eIndiya bamaXesha Aphakathi. Ngenxa yoko uhlala kule mini. Abameli kule nkolo bakholelwa ukuba awukwazi ube Hindu. Kokuba azalwe kuphela. Loo nto Varna (indima yentlalo zomntu) - oko anikwe kwaye preordained yi oothixo, kwaye ngoko ngeke kutshintshwa.

Inkqubo ekuhlaleni varnasrama-dharna

Ngaloo ndlela, enye inkolo mandulo India yamandulo - ubuHindu, waba indlalifa izithethe ezininzi nezithethe iinkolelo zangaphambili. Ingakumbi, le ukwahlulwa kuluntu Indian zibe iindidi kwavela ngemihla Vedism. Ukongeza kumaqela amane asekuhlaleni (Terms, kshtarii, vaisyas kunye Sudras), ngokwale nkolo, kukho imiyalelo ezine ubomi bokomoya. Inqanaba yokufunda kuthiwa Brahmacharya, impilo kunye nosapho - Grhastha, unonophelo ulandele-up ukusuka ezingenamsebenzi - Vanaprastha kunye Inqanaba lokugqibela sabaphilileyo ukukhanya lokugqibela - Sannyas.

Nabani na odale varnasrama-dharna, indlela wayalela enjalo bomi ezigcinwe ehlabathini okwangoku. Kuyo nayiphi na ilizwe, kukho ababingeleli (Terms), abalawuli kunye nomkhosi (kshtarii), oosomashishini (vaisyas) kunye nabasebenzi (Sudras). Eli candelo likuvumela ukuba ulungise kwaye adale ubomi yentlalo kubantu abaninzi neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo ubukho kunye nethuba lokuba ukuphuhlisa nokuphucula.

Ngelishwa, e India varnashrama dharna ukusa kwixesha lethu wénza kakhulu. Icandelo engqongqo ibe iindidi (kwaye ngokuxhomekeke yokuzalwa), obuthi bubekho namhlanje, kuchasene ngcamango imfundiso ngokubaluleka kokukhula ngokomoya bomntu.

Religion of India yaMandulo ngokufutshane: ukuvela Buddhism

Le yenye inkolelo eqhelekileyo kakhulu kweli lizwe. Buddhism - enye owawungekhe kwihlabathi lenkolo. Inyaniso yokuba, xa nshita ubuKristu enye, umseki yokuzinikela - yinto ubuntu yembali. Le umdali oku mzuzu imfundiso eziqhelekileyo (hayi kuphela India) Sidgartha Shanyamuni wazalwa ngo-563 kwisixeko Lumbene kwintsapho kshtariya. Kwazeka oko njengoko Buddha emva akafikanga ulwazi eneminyaka engama-40.

Inkolo kunye nefilosofi of India yamandulo basoloko ingqalelo njengothixo, kungekhona nje nokohlwaya okanye miluyuschuyu amandla, yaye njengoko ongumfuziselo omhle, uhlobo "CTLI" self. Buddhism ngokupheleleyo bawushiya ingcamango nokudalwa ihlabathi naliphi uMdali. Le adepts kule nkolo bakholelwa ukuba umntu uxhomekeke kuphela egameni lam, ukubandezeleka ayithunyelwanga kuye phezulu, kwaye ziimpazamo yakhe kunye nokungakwazi ukulahla iminqweno yehlabathi. Noko ke, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla iinkolo yangaphambili Indiya, Buddhism iqulethe ingcamango usindiso, oko kukuthi, ekufezekiseni Nirvana.

Ukusebenzisana inkcubeko Western

Kuba baseYurophu, inkcubeko kunye nonqulo of India yamandulo ixesha elide yaqhubeka iyimfihlelo. Qala impefumlelwano nezigwinta ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ekhutshelwe kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba emva kwexesha. ngegalelo lawo elingathethekiyo kule nkqubo ezenziwe abadumileyo ezifana Helena Blavatsky, Nicholas noElena Rerihi, kunye nabanye.

Namhlanje saziwa komnye iingqikelelo Vanga kaThixo ku India. Le umprofetikazi odumileyo babekholelwa ukuba kungekudala ihlabathi liya kubuyela iimfundiso ezininzi mandulo. Yaye kuvela nje India. Ngaye ukubhala iincwadi ezintsha, wawaneka kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi izizathu zeenkolelo elitsha elizayo kuya kuba ngokwenene nqulo samandulo India. "Gxotha iBhayibhile," qikelela Wang, "umbala nje omhlophe uvikele Umhlaba," khon 'ukuze abantu baya kusindiswa. Mhlawumbi ikho nokubakho ngomsebenzi odumileyo olubhalwe Roerichs - Yoga Agni. "Agni" eliguqulelwe lithetha 'umlilo ".

Culture of India Ancient

Inkolo kunye nenkcubeko yase-Indiya yamandulo - isenzeko ngokusondeleyo. ihlabathi Otherworldly emimoya woothixo phantse usoloko ekhona kule imisebenzi lamagcisa Indiya, abakroli kunye nabayili. Nditsho ngexesha lethu nganye inkosi yayo imveliso badla ukwenza isiqulatho nzulu, umbono othile inyaniso engaphakathi, singasathethi ke iingcibi yamandulo.

Ngelishwa, le imizobo amandulo Indian kunye esekelwe kithi encinane kakhulu. Kodwa kweli lizwe kukho inani elikhulu eqingqiweyo yamandulo ixabiso yezembali kunye ezikhumbuzo bokwakha. Ukuba kuphela kukho, umzekelo, imingxuma Ellorskie enkulu itempile ebalaseleyo milind kweli ziko. Apha uyakwazi ukubona imifanekiso obubalaseleyo kaThixo Trimurti uthole-uVishnu-Shiva.

Ngoko ke, siza bana phandle yintoni unqulo kakhulu of India yamandulo - yi Vedism. Kokuvela Kamva ubuHindu nobuBhuda luphuhliso yayo kunye nokuqhubekeka. iinkolelo zonqulo India waba negalelo elikhulu nje kuphela isiko kodwa kwakhona kubomi bentlalo jikelele. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, eli lizwe nangoku linyuke imincili, unique, original yaye ngokungafaniyo naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini.