Kwedolo joint: nemisipha kunye nokwenzakala ezinxulumene nazo. Indlela yokuphatha lungu le idolo

Ethetha kwedolo, abantu abaninzi bacinga joint kwedolo. Eneneni, loo nto ke yinto ebaluleke yokwakheka,, umsebenzi ngaphandle izihlunu kunye nemisipha engenakwenzeka. Xa uhamba, ukubaleka, ukudlala imidlalo kwi-akhawunti echaziweyo kummandla kuba umthwalo omkhulu, nto leyo eyandisa amathuba umonakalo. Makhe sihlolisise edolweni joint, lungu, inkqubo kunye iingxaki ezivele ngekota le into ebuhlungu dystrophy.

nokwakheka

Ukuqulunqwa welungu ibandakanya amathambo ezintathu: isahlulo yifemur, yinxalenye patella kunye tibial. Patella femoral-tibial thaca kwaye femoral-suprapatellaris amalungu. iimpawu yokwakheka negalelo intshukumo ngaxeshanye lwamacala amathambo iinqwelomoya ezininzi.

Menisci, intlala thaca kwizicwili, kukho "spacers" phakathi intloko ithambo. umsebenzi wawo kukubonelela ukunceda, ukusasazwa xi kunye umthwalo xa uqhuba. On omabini amacala meniscus ezinxulumene philisi joint yi nemisipha ivaleke.

ekwenzeni ngokubambisana ziquka amaqela izihlunu alandelayo, ulwazi egqalwa nyewe ebalulekileyo trauma:

1. umsipha Quadriceps lubaluleke ngaphambili ethangeni. Liyiqwalasele isakhiwo yokwakheka inkqubo dystrophy of mmandla athi namandla.
2. Sartorius nguye elide. Inika flexion kunye inyonga bembande, behamba bejikeleza entlanganweni kwedolo.
3. umsipha Thin udlula ngasemva kancinane kwicala welungu, ngokuvumela inyonga nedolo bagobe bakhokele.
4. Adductor uMagnus kwemisipha kuthetha nje kuphela ekuziseni ezinqeni, kodwa kwakhona ukwandiswa yayo okanye ukwandiswa isinqe ngokunxulumene ethangeni.
5. Ngemva axis enqamlezileyo ithanda-headed ezimbini izihlunu ethangeni, ngokuvumela ayeguqa bembande, ethangeni unbend, ukunika intshukumo ngaphandle.
6. Ngasemva kwaye ngaphakathi joint ithanda podsuhozhilnaya izihlunu extensor ethangeni lesiquluba flex nokubonelela setyhula lomzimba ujikelezo.
7. umsipha Semimembranosus owenza imisebenzi podsuhozhilnoy ofanayo.
8. lesiquluba esineendidi flexes le umzantsi womlenze kwi kwedolo unyawo kwi joint neqatha.
9. izihlunu ethangeni elifutshane caba imi kumphezulu angasemva. Umsebenzi flexion kanye ukujikeleza lo lesiquluba.

umsebenzi idolo

Ukusebenza welungu idolo kubalulekile ukuba umzimba womntu. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukususa nezamazembe nkqo ngokungqalileyo. Ulwandiso kunye flexion kwenzeka kwi-asi engaphambili, nkqo - ukujikeleza lo mlenze.

flexion ehlanganyelwayo unyawo ivumela umntu ukuba enze linyathelo elibheka phambili, betha lomzimba emhlabeni alibeke kubeka. Kungenjalo, unyawo yabantu iza kunyanzeliswa kwicala verhneperednem ngokuvusa nomlenze.

nemisipha

Kwedolo nemisipha lokudibanisa zimelwe ngamaqela amahlanu olukhulu kuqwalaselwa yinxalenye yomzimba kwezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo yokwakheka. ubulungu balo iquka ezithungwini zilandelayo:

• izibambiso (tibial, peroneal);
• limise (ngaphambili, ngasemva);
• lungu ezinqamlezayo ye idolo;
• ngasemva (arcuate, popliteal, lungu patellar, le medial kunye lateral);
• coronary (meniscus-femoral, tibial-meniscus).

Xa esibuhlungu, ingakumbi umenzakalo ezemidlalo, umthwalo omkhulu kwenzeka nemisipha idolo cruciate. recovery Ixesha kunye nexesha kwimo ixhomekeka kuhlobo ukonzakala kunye izinto eyonakalisayo, ingakumbi umzimba ixhoba, ihlale-4 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6.

lungu Cruciate nokusebenza

lungu sobuKristu sisukela inxenye ngasemva yokwaleka ye-meniscus ye yifemur ngokusebenzisa edolweni kwisisu joint, ezinamathela lesiquluba, nto leyo ifakiwe nabaphathi articular. umsebenzi wayo kukuba ukuze uzinzise edibeneyo kwedolo, zinciphise intshukumo phambili le lesiquluba.

Ligament oluya emva ukusuka phambi Buze ithambo yifemur kwaye ukunqumla kwisisu joint, nto zibambene nayo le lesiquluba emva kanye. Ligament ithintela lesiquluba ngokugqithiseleyo yasiwa umva.

Trauma cruciate lungu

zokulimala zithathwa ukuba kuba nzima kakhulu kwaye iyingozi, efuna unyango ngokupheleleyo. A Unyango ephosakeleyo okanye waqala kwexesha kukhokelela kuphuhliso ekuqhwaleleni kunye nokusebenza ucingisise umda. Amaninzi, ezi ukulimala kwenzeka midlalo xa Ukuskiya, iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula, ukutsiba, wrestling, evela negalelo elikhulu okanye ukusilela ithuba, ukuwa.

ubuhlungu Ukuhlatywa olomeleleyo kunye nqakraza, isithintelo kabukhali ukuhamba kusenokubonisa ukuba nemisipha yento entlanganweni idolo. Ixhoba awukwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo, sithembele nje umntu.

ngomva lungu ukwenzakala kuyenzeka edolweni hyperextension xa namandla okanye ngexesha ifuthe kumphezulu ngaphambili lesiquluba. Umonakalo sobuKristu cruciate lungu yeyona common kakhulu. Iimpawu zesi yokwenzakala zifakiwe kwi "triad Turner" kunye komsipha le meniscus kunye lungu engaphandle.

picture clinical

Ilunga, idolo, lungu elo kufuneka ukukrazuka buso kuba hyperemic, edematous, kubuhlungu xa uyibamba xa uzama intshukumo. Faka i articular igazi (hemarthrosis) oluhlala. Musa ukubhidanisa kukukrala nemisipha welungu idolo, nto leyo eye kwiklinikhi efanayo iimpawu yokwenzakala, owenzeka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.

Full uqhekeko cruciate lungu ebangela ukushukumiseka ngokugqithisileyo kulo lesiquluba kwi cipande-ngomva moya. Ukungqinisiswa kwale uphawu ziingcali ezimbini kuqhutywa ngaxeshanye. Eyokuqala ophethe emva womlenze kwaye flexes mlenze anesthetized kwi edolweni xa esinekona sasekunene. Ugqirha yesibini lujongana intshukumo umzantsi womlenze emva naphambili. ukuzicenta eqine okanye uphawu ofanayo negative.

Enyelisa ibandakanya iinyembezi encinane imicu, ephelekwa bomzimba esifanele, nokudumba kancinane, ukungabikho ukopha. Ukucutha umsebenzi motor lwenzeka ubukhulu encinane.

ekuxilongweni

Ukubekwa mechanism ukwenzakala ivumela ukuba ukujonga umonakalo kunokwenzeka kwizakhiwo yokwakheka. Phambi kokuba ukuhlolwa edolweni owenzakeleyo ugqirha ihlola impilo ukucacisa iimpawu ngesakhiwo. Kuhlolwa imeko nezakhiwo zangaphakathi usebenzisa ultrasound kunye MRI.

diagnosis umahluko ayisebenzisi amathambo aphukileyo, patella, meniscus iinyembezi. Xa bone dislocation lisisiqalo ngokuphathelele omnye komnye, akukho amathuba umsebenzi kweemoto, kukho ukuxhathisa spring xa umntu ezama iintshukumo kwisixando sokwenziwa. Kuba umonakalo lungu alupheleli ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo intshukumo, kuba anqongophele ngenxa yobuhlungu. Kwakhona akukho ukuxhathisa entwasahlobo.

Ukwa ephelekwa deformation, imbonakalo ukushukumiseka engaqhelekanga kunye crepitation. Nangona kunjalo, kukho yamophula ezingenawo iimpawu ezinjalo. Kulo mzekelo, ukuqinisekiswa uxilongo lufuna uviwo X-ray, ultrasound okanye MRI.

Izikhokelo zonyango

Xa zonakala ngokuyinxenye (saluqilima, iinyembezi) uncedo kwigumbi zonxunguphalo. kufanele bazenze omzimba kwindawo ephakamileyo, iintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa - umandlalo ukuphumla. Ngosuku lokuqala emva ukonzakala kufuna kuthinjwe ebandayo kummandla ochaphazelekayo. Ilunga lukhuselekile nge ibotshwe tight ilastiki, ngokukuvumela ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba lomzimba isikhundla xa ihamba. Shiya lo iqhiya ngobusuku ayikwazi ukuba akukho kukwaphula ejikeleza. ulawulo Iintlungu ifuna ukusetyenziswa analgesics ( "Ketanov", "Ketalong", "nalbuphine").

Ilunga, idolo, lungu efuna unyango endala nje kuphela, kodwa utyando, kufuneka ixesha kwimo elide. Emva kokuba yonke imisebenzi efanayo ngokungaphelelanga ezimashakeleyo, asebenzise imiqathango, ukuyifundisa indlela, kubandakanywa yokuthanjiswa, ukuyifundisa electrophoresis iziyobisi.

Lidla ungenelelo ngotyando iyafuneka xa gqobhoza cruciate lungu le idolo. Umsebenzi ukubuyisela ingqibelelo yokwakheka lobume kuyimfuneko ukuba eqhelekileyo yokusebenza. Utyando lwenziwa iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokonzakala ngokuhlangeneyo.

Umviwa elifanelekileyo igqalwa ukuba imbaleki umfana ofuna iintshukumo yokusebenza ezixhuzuxhuzulayo kwamalungu kwezemidlalo yakhe. abantu abadala abangenawo umsebenzi amakhulu, zifaneleke ngakumbi unyango endala kunye nokusetyenziswa impilo yomzimba.

Plastic amadolo cruciate lungu ifuna ukusetyenziswa sihlume waluthathayo lungu patella okanye imisipha imicu (autograft). Unako ukusebenzisa grafts zokwenziwa, kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa yabo kukhatywa yi emzimbeni wakhe.

Ngokufaka grafts zokwenziwa Longumgaqo oqhelekileyo xa neqwengiweyo lungu zisecaleni kwamadolo. Unyango kwimisebenzi zokusebenza kucingwa ukuba indlela kukhetha kwimeko enjalo.

kuhlinzwa lubonise ukuba nje ukuthunga izakhiwo owenzakeleyo ngokubonakalayo ibuyisela functionality.

Yintoni ibe iingxaki le edolweni?

iingxaki rhoqo ukulimala idolo zinto zilandelayo:

1. Uphuhliso samathambo kunokwenzeka kwiiveki 2-3 emva kokonzakala ngokuhlangeneyo. Impendulo yokukrala kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka yegazi kunye ukungena ezincinane zophendlo lwezifo kwindawo nokulimala. Luphawulwa iintlungu, ukubonakala sivakale sidumbile, ukuba bomvu, ukuhamba kuphela ngenxa yentlungu.
2. Imbonakalo utshintsho sisiba mandundu ngohlobo arthrosis ihamba ukuyilwa osteophytes, intlala hedge.

Outlook

Emva ukonzakala inkoliso amaxhoba bazibuza: "Yaphula nemisipha idolo lokuphilisa kakhulu?" Umba efanayo kuxoxwa kwimeko nganye clinical ngabanye. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo ukonzakala kunye iimpawu eziphilayo operability elipheleleyo kuza emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, yaye mhlawumbi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Indlela ezibalulekileyo umonakalo ngokwayo nendlela ixhoba ndafumana ikhefu nemisipha idolo. Indlela uphilisa ukwenzakala zixhomekeke ikwazi iingcebiso okunyangayo specialist. unyango lwakwangoko, ukufumana amayeza eziyimfuneko kunye nokubambelela ukukhawulezisa inkqubo impiliso kunye nokuthintela iingxaki.

ukuvimbela

Uluhlu amanyathelo othintelo kusetyenziswa ukunciphisa umonakalo amalungu kuyehla le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• umsebenzi olwaneleyo ngokomzimba;
• ukudumba kwemisipha edolweni kufuneka kuxhomekeke unyango ngexesha elililo;
• ukudla okunazo zonke;
• ukulahlwa utywala necuba;
• ukuphepha emzimbeni;
• imilenze ulawulo nokuhlala isezantsi abakwizikhundla ezingashukumiyo;
• ukukhetha lasekunene izihlangu, eli ligatya izithende eziphakamileyo.

ukonzakala amadolo zinokuthintelwa, elibhekisela amanyathelo elula ngaphezu ukubuyiselwa kusebenziso ngenxa yomonakalo.