Kutshintsho Military kunye nezoqoqosho uAnny Ioannovny

Ebudeni bolawulo Petra Velikogo Russia ibe ngomnye amagunya waseYurophu. Xa kungekho umlinganiselo omncinane negalelo utshintsho olwenziwe elibonakalayo yi umlawuli. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo zehlile kweli xesha yeenguqu ebhotwe - kwisithuba seminyaka engama-37 kwimbali Russian.

Ngeli xesha, phezu kwetrone kuye abathetheli ezintandathu, omnye wabo Anna Ivanovna. Asikwazi ukuba ebukumkanini bakhe wobunkokheli lizwe yaphehlelelwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi. Noko ke, ubukumkani uhlaziyo uAnny Ioannovny ikakhulu wenziwe ngokomdla yezikhulu.

sobukhosi esingenamntu

NgoJanuwari 1730, kakhulu singalindelanga bafa koMlawuli ingqakaqa Peter II. iziganeko ezinjalo bebesoloko umtsalane fever courtly. Xa kwacaca ukuba iintsuku kaPetros kwababaliweyo, Supreme yangasese Council wadibana ukuze isigqibo umviwa soMhlekazi elizayo. Iqela ngalinye wanikela inkundla umviwa.

Ekugqibeleni, Prince nguDmitry Golitsyn wakwazi ukweyisela iBhunga ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone esingenamntu efanelekileyo zonke, IIMVELISO Ioannovnu, umhlolokazi iNkosana Courland. Noko ke, kutshintshiselwano ebukumkanini kweemeko ezithile ezifunekayo ukuze ungene kulo, okanye, njengoko bathi, imeko. Enyanisweni, kwaba malunga umda kwamandla yedwa.

Courland neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya bayamkela ngokoMthetho ophakamileyo ne-15 Februwari ngokunzulu ngemoto eMoscow. Kungekudala kakhulu ufuna ukuvala amandla uKumkanikazi wazisola ukhetho lwabo. Sinokuthi uAnny Ioannovny iinguqulelo baqalisa kunye nokuphelisa of the Supreme yangasese Council, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze bathi imeko.

Enye Romanovs

New uKumkanikazi Russia ibalwe nomtshana uPetros Omkhulu. Yaba intombi phakathi yakhe kumntakwenu Ivan (John). Njengabo bonke amakhosazana Russian, ezifundisayo ukufunda, izibalo, ukubhala, ukuma, umdaniso iilwimi zasemzini.

ubomi bakhe sachithwa incwadi yesicelo, uze emva koko kwindawo yokuhlala yobukumkani Izmailovo, de uPetros andiyi ndagqiba ukubethelela nengeniso kuMntla kwiMfazwe, amalungiselelo kumtshato omnye abatshana bakhe iNkosana Courland. Ukhetho bawa phezu Anne.

Noko ke, umtshato wakhe-obufutshane: emva kweenyanga ezimbini wafa iNkosana. Anna wayeneminyaka eli-17 kuphela ubudala, kodwa kwezepolitiki yaseRashiya emiselweyo kobo ngumhlolokazi, ukuphila ubomi limfiliba in Kurland.

Ngoko ke, xa umthunywa evela eMoscow, uAnna isayinwe imeko yaye ngoko nangoko wabetha endleleni. Ulwamkelo lokuqala esingethwe oko kwabonisa ukuba uKumkanikazi wayesazi indlela yokoyisa phezu umkhosi. iinguqu elandelayo UAnny Ioannovny kwinkalo yasemkhosini waphinda la.

Urhulumente omtsha

Nayiphi nguzwilakhe idinga abacebisi. Yaba kungekho ngaphandle malunga noku kwaye Anna Ivanovna. kwezomhlaba Management, njengoko sele sibonile, lwaqala ukupheliswa of the Supreme yangasese Council. Endaweni yoko, ukuba sele wadala Ikhabhinethi uKumkanikazi, kwakunye nexabiso babuyela iNdlu yeeNgwevu, abenalo phantsi uPetros I.

Kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala wolawulo omtsha wenkundla kwakukho umzabalazo nempembelelo Anna Ioannovna phakathi basebukhosini Russian kunye abahlala Courland, eyaphelela uloyiso yokugqibela. ilungiselelo ekhethekileyo uKumkanikazi lanele Ernst Biron. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi iminyaka elishumi wolawulo uAnny Ioannovny wehla waya embalini phantsi igama "Biron".

Ukongeza zeKhabhinethi 1731 ngenxa yomthetho uKumkanikazi walibuyisela Ofisi amatyala imfihlelo bokuphanda, ukuzibandakanya mthetho olungenazipolitiki. Enye isenzo solawulo uAnny Ioannovny yaba sisigqibo ukuhambisa ikomkhulu ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt Petersburg ngowe-1732

Mount imithetho akuthethi ulawulo lomthetho

Abaphandi Kuqikelelwa ukuba akukho ngaphantsi kwesithathu yaye nesiqingatha imimiselo eziliwaka ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe ezisayiniweyo Anna Ivanovna. iinguqu ezinkulu ngokuphathelele amalungiselelo wabanumzana, injengele yomkhosi kunye noqoqosho. Nangona ubuninzi mithetho imithetho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela uphuhliso Russia senziwa kakhulu.

Yenziwe phantsi Peter I kukhal ebukumkanini uAnny Ioannovny ikhule kakhulu kangangokuba urhulumente kazwelonke kwakungenakwenzeka ayikwazanga ukuyilawula. Ukuseka umsebenzi ecacileyo mechanism karhulumente, ukuba ikhuphe, imiyalelo engqongqo kakhulu, kodwa into entsha yatshintsha.

uguquko Noble UAnny Ioannovny

Uluhlu kubo, akukho mathandabuzo, ikhokelwe umthetho 1730, akuba ewubhangisile, esenyameni umthetho wobuzibulo Petrovsky, njengokuba kuceliwe bonke bakwaYuda. Ukuya kubakhawulela ngaphandle, urhulumente uKumkanikazi entsha ngokupheleleyo ukomeleza noseko lwalo ekuhlaleni. Ngoku, benani bakhululekile ukuba alahle le-asethi eziphambili - kwilifa, noonyana babo, ilifa osisityebi, akazange kufuneka inkonzo breech.

Enye esiyimbali umthetho ngabafo wavunywa ngo 1736. Ukuba uPetros ndiyalele izidwangube ukuba baphumeze inkonzo karhulumente ubomi, ukuba Anna Ivanovna kuye kwanciphisa eli xesha ukuya kwiminyaka engama-25. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa amanxeba okanye ukugula ukurhoxa kuvunyelwa ukuba ushiye ngaphambili. Emva kokuba imfazwe baseTurkey ngo-1739, amawaka wabanumzana, baxhamla lo myalelo, washiya inkonzo ukuze kuxhamle sikarhulumente babuyela yokwenza nempahla zabo.

Army and weenqanawa

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ncamathela uPetros iindawo ukoyisa elwandle kunye Navy. Noko ke, emva kokufa kwakhe, akukho iinqanawa kuye kwakhiwa eRashiya. Ukugcina imali, inkundla yasemkhosini akazange aye elwandle ezichaphazela uqeqesho umkhosi nabasebenza kuzo.

uguquko Military UAnny Ioannovny waqalisa kunye nokubuyiselwa Navy. Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe waye wabeka umpu-66 inqanawa "Uzuko eRashiya", kwaye oku kulandelayo ezimbini ngaphezulu. In umthetho wakhe yasekwa Military Maritime Commission, ecetywayo ukuphinda-vula kwi Arkhangelsk port zalapho. Ukususela 1731 kuLwandle aseBalti ukuba zibuyele ukuqhuba rhoqo imithambo zomkhosi.

Nangona kunjalo, lo utshintsho uAnny Ioannovny ayiphelelanga yokunyamekela Navy. Ngoko ke, ngo-1732, lo wokuqala Land Gentry lweSizwe, laqalisa yeCadet intshukumo eRashiya lavulwa kwayo. Ukongeza, ezi regiments ezintsha kwasekwa: soGuquko Guards kunye Izmailovsky.

Kurhwebo noshishino

lokulungisa umnotho UAnny Ioannovny ezichatshazelwe kakhulu kushishino. Okokuqala, urhulumente urhoxisiwe ngemimiselo uKumkanikazi amasiko engqongqo. Nangona wadalwa ukukhusela iimveliso kushishino Russian kontanga amazwe, kodwa enyanisweni kwenza akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo.

Ukuncitshiswa zeerhafu namasiko phantsi Anne Ioannovne, kwelinye icala, wena ubabalweyo uphuhliso lorhwebo, kunye nokusekwa ityala yebhanki yokuqala eli lizwe.

inkqubo Serf kule minyaka wobukumkani bakhe, akazange buthathaka zabase zabo. Ngokwemiqathango yemveliso umva ke, Kakade ke, kuzisa ingeniso elungileyo. Ngowe-1736, lo ummiselo uKumkanikazi iklasi abasebenzi abangekho lezo basuswe. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, bonke bephela kunye neentsapho zabo zinxibelelene mveliso.

Kusenokwenzeka kubonakale ukuba uAnny Ioannovny yokuguqula imveliso yezoshishino kwaba phambili. Enyanisweni, ukuba abayithintelayo inyathelo wongxowankulu. Urhulumente ezilawulwa ngci inkqubo yonke imveliso kwaye bezityholo incinane yomthetho yezityalo ezathathwa kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo.

Iziphumo yeBhodi

Ngenxa yoko, guqula uAnny Ioannovny zingaphawulwa ngokufutshane kuchazwe njengoko ezijolise ekolulweni amandla yedwa, ulwaneliseko ophucukileyo ezikhalazo nokuqinisa serfdom.

Ulawulo lwakhe lweminyaka elishumi kuphela. Xa iincwadi zembali oko ufumene uvavanyo ukumzukisa. Kwelinye icala, Anne Ioannovne ekubeni tyala ukukhonya ka amaJamani kwi izixhobo karhulumente, kwelinye - intshutshiso ngokungenalusini yabadlali zezopolitiko.

Enoba lwalunjani, kodwa ingqalelo ukulungiswa yolawulo yayo, oko kuyinyaniso emsulwa ukuba abanye babo bakhonza ezilungileyo kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo Russia.