Kutheni umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya: ebangela, ncomo. imizi Russian kunye nemigangatho zokuphila eliphantsi

Yintoni uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe? Kakade ke, umgangatho wobomi abemi balo. Kutheni umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya, ngokutsho kwiingcali, kusengqiqweni ngokupheleleyo? It is asinguye wonke ohlala kakuhle eRashiya? Kuyimfuneko ukuba uwuqwalasele lo mbandela.

Ntoni isibonisi kwemigangatho ophilileyo?

Umgangatho wokuphila wabantu - oku sisixa ubutyebi ngamnye. Ukuze kwesi angase, uphawule izinto ezininzi ezibonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Le yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu kwilizwe lethu yaye zijongisise impumelelo karhulumente ngokubanzi, kufuneka ukuba ahlaziye ukusebenza kwayo kwimimandla ngamnye. Oku ukwenza iinkampani rating, nto leyo eRashiya eninzi. Bona iinkcukacha ukuhlola kule ndawo, kuthathelwe ingqalelo yonke imiba zombini aggregate ngabanye, uzama uku bana phandle isizathu sokuba umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya.

Ukuze ukulandelela le isalathiso, ishedyuli amahla kunye neencutshe ndinyuka baye abaninzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo kunye nobuchule awanyakazela ngayo ngcali ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kunye namathemba sezulu imimandla ngamnye weli lizwe.

Amaziko Research and kwimisebenzi yezobunzululwazi

Ingxaki mgangathweni wobomi eRashiya lwabonakala imisebenzi yophando kunye noluntu lwezenhlalo. ukuvavanya umgangatho womsebenzi yabantu ephilileyo yenziwa Zonke-Russia Centre kwimigangatho eziphilayo, wadala 1990 ngokwesiseko karhulumente. Kuyinto eli ziko uyakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo kutheni umgangatho Russian ephantsi wokuphila. Ukwabelana wabhekisela umbutho - urhulumente. iindawo VTSUZH komsebenzi ziquka:

1. Ishicilela endle - iziko self-ikhululwe kwijenali yenzululwazi osihloko sithi "The umgangatho wempilo yabantu", nto leyo kwinkupho nganye inika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha kwaye lula ukuqonda ukuba abemi, kuquka inkcazelo entsha esemgangathweni ngokuphila kule mimandla, oluphando ezithandwayo zentlalo, izibonisi impilo kwiindawo ngamnye wophando uqikelelo isandi, kwakunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo ukuphucula uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.
2. imisebenzi yemfundo.
3. Zokwenza umsebenzi wophando.

Uyazixabisa izimvo zabemi Russian malunga umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila

Iikhosi vo zoluntu kuphindwa phakathi kwabantu Russian, injongo leyo ukuphendula umbuzo kutheni umgangatho Russian ephantsi wokuphila, reviews abantu aba zibaluleke kakhulu. Inqanaba kobutyebi eziphathekayo yasoloko yokuqala, nto leyo evumela ukufumanisa imeko kuluntu luphela. Uphuhliso candelo kwezentlalo Izibalo ngokomlinganiselo umlinganiselo abemi belizwe ukuba iziganeko ezithile kubomi karhulumente.

Sebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno ezisisiseko

Ngokukodwa, ezi iziphumo zovavanyo lwakutsha lwezenhlalo wabonisa umfanekiso kangaka evumela ukuba uzive ukuntsonkotha le meko. Isifundo phando yaba amandla okuthenga ngayo abemi.

Xa iingxelo kwakhona uninzi lwabantu abathe bathatha inxaxheba experiment, zonke lihlangabezana ubunzima ezintlanu xa kukho imfuneko yokuba nkqu utshintsho kwenxenye ngubo. Thenga iimpahla ezintsha awunako ukuba malunga nama-20% abemi, njengoko phantse zonke izimali zabo kuhlawula kuphela iindleko zokutya. Ukongeza,-5% yabantu abakwazi ukufumana ukutya okunempilo elungeleleneyo, singasathethi intlawulo yeenkonzo zikamasipala, imfundo, lokuphola, njalo-njalo. D.

Kuba abathile zalathisi ukuvavanya inqanaba lobomi kwilizwe lethu?

Kuphela indlela ebanzi ingxaki uncedo eyaneleyo ukuhlalutya izinto ezibangele ukuba umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya. Izizathu zale meko le mizuzu yale nkqubo yonke, ndikho ezingafani kwisifundo ngasinye karhulumente. Kubalulekile ukuba izikhombisi zezona inokuthenjwa. Ngaba kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela ulwazi esemthethweni evela-arhente zikarhulumente. Umzekelo, imibutho efana Federal Statistics State Service, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Health, abasemagunyeni abasuka kwizithili indawo.

Kuhlolwa umgangatho wokuphila abantu bethu kweli lizwe kwi parameters zilandelayo:

• ngamnye engenayo imali;
• Iimpawu Ukhuseleko nempilo yoluntu;
• iimeko zokuphila;
• zabantu;
• ukuphuhliswa kwezakhiwo inxaxheba kwishishini amancinci;
• isimo nophuhliso lwabantu.

lemali ephantsi imivuzo madlana

Ukujonga umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila yabantu Russian - kuthetha ukuba ukufunda kuyo kunye neqondo ukungoneliseki nazo zonke iintlobo iimfuno ezilahlekileyo: ezomoya nophefumlo, eziphathekayo kunye namandla oluntu. Imigangatho zokuphila iya kuba injongo ngakumbi, ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba inani labantu abahlala kummandla othile, umlinganiselo zengeniso nenkcitho, umgca lentlupheko ezisekwe ubuncinane sokutya lomvuzo capita kunye siwenze kunye namaxabiso ayo iimveliso yowokuqala kunye yesibini efunekayo ngalinye.

Ngoko nangoko kubonakale unobangela ukuqonda ukuba kutheni, eRashiya umgangatho ophantsi hlobo lokuphila akukho lula. Ngelishwa, asinakukwazi umnxeba eli nani kwilizwe lethu, nkqu ngokomlinganiselo, kweminye imimandla, nangona yimpumelelo ekuphuhliseni iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu ezibonelela imisebenzi kunye nemivuzo, amawaka abemi. Ipesenti intlupheko avareji kazwelonke yi-20% kwaye indexed.

Ngaphezu koko, i-50% yemali iyonke ukuba ngemizimba abemi. Isizathu - inqanaba elisezantsi yemivuzo. Nokuba umsebenzi rhoqo ehlawulwa kwilizwe lethu abaphila nemivuzo ephantsi-30% yabemi.

Izwe - into embi echaphazela umgangatho wobomi wabemi

Omnye wemiba ezibonakalisa kutheni umgangatho Russian ephantsi zokuphila, yinkqubo yokufudukela esebenzayo. Abantu abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye elo lizwe, izwe kwamanye, nempumelelo kakhulu kwisicwangciso-mali karhulumente, nto leyo ke ithetha ukuba abasebenzi kunye neengqondi enokuba eRashiya lunciphe. Ngokutsho izifundo ezininzi, inkokeli eNorway, kwaye elithelekelelweyo, kwi iinkokheli eziphezulu ezintlanu Sweden, New Zealand ngokwemiqathango uzinzo nokuthembeka, Canada, Switzerland.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, inani aseBrithani olukhulayo ngonyaka ngamnye, nangona uphuhliso lweenkqubo ezininzi kweli lizwe, eyasekwa ukuxhasa abantu. Abasemagunyeni lukhulu ukuzinzisa intlalo-ntle yabantu, ukukhulisa imigangatho yokuphila, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwiimeko abaphila, ukhuseleko lwentlalo, silinganisa inani iindwendwe lizwe lokuhlala isigxina kunye nabo abamshiyayo.

utshintsho ezincumisayo kwicandelo loluntu

Ezinye Iimpawu zentlalo, ezifana lokufa, umgangatho wezempilo, ubude ubomi zikwimeko nangakumbi kwaye zidityaniswe zibe umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya. Urhulumente izama nzima ukutshintsha imeko le meko ngokuthi kwabelwe imali eninzi mali mali ukulungiselela ukugcinwa kunye nophuhliso ezi mveliso zilandelayo:

• Impilo - alungisa ezininzi izibhedlele, iikliniki;
• Imithi - esungulwe imveliso yasekhaya amayeza ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo;
• ubuchwepheshe bale mihla - wavula amaziko amaninzi kunye oomatshini abaxhakaxhaka yakutshanje.

umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila yabantu Russian imisela iingxaki kwinqanaba yezibalo. Kodwa ke, njengoko kuboniswe izifundo ezininzi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, izinga lokusweleka lihlile kakhulu, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kuchaphazela imeko imeko demographic kweli lizwe.

ukwanda Demographic eRussia

Ukukhula izinga wokuzalwa kwilizwe lethu ukususela ngo-2004, yaye impumelelo kodwa ikwazile ukufikelela kule nkalo. Ukususela ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2009 ukunyuka wazalwa labemi landa nge-2% xa kukho ukuhla ukufa. Kweli thuba ukusuka ku-2000 ukuya ku-2005, eli lizwe lifumanise recovery ngamandla kuqoqosho, nto leyo ibe nefuthe elihle umgangatho kunye nobude bobomi kubemi abaninzi. Ngo-2010, amaziko osana entsha kwiingingqi ezininzi lizwe kwakhiwa.

Njani izinto baye phesheya?

Kodwa amanye amazwe aphuhlileyo baye bafudukela phambili kule ndawo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izalathisi ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, uthi abaninzi bamfikele izihlandlo eziliqela eRashiya.

Zezoqoqosho abathe balufunda imeko amandla, nako ukuphendula kutheni umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila eRashiya. Uphuhliso loqoqosho kweli likarhulumente, ngokutsho kubo, ihamba entle buthathaka, ninganqeni, lilize. Ukongeza, umgangatho womvuzo kwilizwe lethu liphantsi kakhulu kumazwe EU kunye kumazwe afana, umzekelo, Japan.

Isixeko enisebenzela ukuba bazohlala eRussia

St. Petersburg eMoscow - ingumasipala sikhulu kakhulu mihla karhulumente Russian. Nangona izinga eliphezulu lokuphila abantu balapha, ingxaki isekhona. imvelaphi engcolile lwefuthe kokusingqongileyo lweshishini mveliso, apho bobabini eMoscow naseLeningrad emoyeni yangaphambili ndityebile, umgangatho wobomi wabemi kakubi esichapazela okusingqongileyo.

Akubuzwa ukuthutha ezininzi, isinqe ecaleni kweendlela lwewotshi wesixeko, ukhupha emoyeni irhasi zeemoto. Le ngxaki, Kakade ke, hayi nje kuphela imizi Russia, kodwa ezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu ezininzi ehlabathini. Ukusombulula inethiwekhi zothutho, ukuphucula imeko kwizixeko ezinabantu abaninzi kurhulumente, kakade, yena uzama. Kodwa ke umbuzo uhlala efanelekileyo, le meko akukho mgaqweni, ingakumbi ikomkhulu Russia - Moscow. Le nkqubo ingentla inika inkcazo ecacileyo isibakala sokuba umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila, emizini ezinkulu ibonakala eRashiya.

Isixeko eRashiya, apho kufuneka izalathisi izinga lokuphila eliphantsi

Akukho lula ingxelo kubahlali eCrimea. E Sevastopol kunye Simferopol, umvuzo umlinganiselo ngokulingene ngokwaneleyo for two kwenqanaba lokuphila ubuncinane. Kakade ke, ngeendlela ezininzi oku kunokucaciswa Ukrainian ingeniso iphantsi, ngenxa yokuba kude kube ngoku, usingasiqithi na kummandla Ukraine. Kodwa ekuqaleni kuka-2016, sele yingxenye Russia, le meko iye ayikatshintshi.

izinto ngcono ESmolensk kunye Ivanovo. Kula maziko zemimandla ukulungiselela isithuba ubukho karhulumente Russian, imveliso mveliso Sehle 1.5, lokubonakala ngokwemiqathango umgangatho wokuphila. ngqesho ebalulekileyo, abemi impersonality yenkcubeko, zininzi izinto ezichasene nentlalo - ngeziganeko eziya ziba rhoqo ngakumbi.

Ukuqwalasela imeko kwezinye izixeko, entendeni umgangatho ezimbi zokuphila kufuneka banike isixeko Verkhoyansk. Xa kujongwa iimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ubomi kwakungekho ngaphezu kwewaka abantu. Gqibezela uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala abathwaxwa yintlupheko kunye nezinye izixeko Russian izinga eliphantsi yobomi; ngasendleleni, wonke kummandla efanayo ESmolensk amahlwempu - imigodi kunye Demidov, Penza Sursk kunye Vorsma kummandla eNizhniy Novgorod. Ngongeniselo abantu balapha kule mimandla ayidluli 1.7 kwinqanaba sokutya. Ukongeza, iidolophu ezincinane kwinxalenye yaseYurophu karhulumente, engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune kwenani labemi ka-10 amawaka. Abantu ingabizwa ulihlwempu. Nomvuzo apho kunzima ukufikelela kwinqanaba 2-2.5 kwenqanaba lokuphila ubuncinane.

Ubukho of okuhle

Kodwa kwezinye iingingqi, inqanaba yamanani imivuzo ephezulu linyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. E Mordovia, umzekelo, ziye zanda yokusebenza ngamanqaku 11. Kwingingqi Ivanovo - 8 izikhundla. In ummandla Ulyanovsk - 7. Hi xikombiso, ku Mordovia kuyo yaba Limi imeko yezoqoqosho sele izinzisiwe kwaye kuvuthwa amashishini amancinane. Kwingingqi Ivanovo, abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni baye banda amanyathelo okhuseleko, izinga lokusweleka yehlile kakhulu. Ukuphuculwa component lwezoqoqosho kummandla Ulyanovsk zinyukile yaye abe ngamanye iziseko zentlalo.

Aqondeka buqapheleke. Ngokutsho izalathi si zokunikwa umgangatho wobomi nezibekekileyo Ryazan. In nje konyaka, esi sixeko wavuka izikhundla 5 simo jikelele yaseRashiya kunye uphethe 30 ndawo.

Urhulumente wenza konke okusemandleni alo ekunciphiseni intlupheko, ukugcina ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, uzinzo kuqoqosho kweli lizwe.