Russian reserve kaxakeka. Ukugcina esiphuthumayo izinto

Ngenxa ubukho reserve yonxunguphalo Russia (ngoko ke USSR), izigidi zabantu ziye basindiswe ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Inkqubo efanayo likarhulumente ngokukhawuleza ukunika umlilo kwi iChernobyl amandla enyukliya oluqale kwiiyure kwakusasa kakubi lombutho ngo-Apreli 1986, yaye ukuba ugcine Inyukliya Ukraine, Belarus kunye iinxalenye Europe.

Noninzi lwezinto Rus Ancient and Tsarist Russia

Kwi-USSR, siye uncokole reserve yonxunguphalo kufuneka inike abantu yonke loo minyaka eziyimfuneko elishumi imfazwe yenyukliya. Noko ke, imbali lokusekwa ingqibelelo reserve nabahlali baqalisa ngemihla ka-Russia yamandulo, xa isitokhwe ukutya kuqhutyelwa kwiindawo enkulu unpopulated - kule nezigodlo. Ukuze baye basinda imfutshane Solovetsky Monastery, ukutya leyo kuba ngokwanele iminyaka eliqela. Isigodlo, ngasendleleni, ikhona kule mini, ukuba ibekwe kwi Solovetsky Islands (ezi Solovki notorious) kuLwandle White.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 Tsarist Russia isitokhwe okuziinkozo (ingqolowa) kunye netyuwa zenziwa ngo-1913 ukuya uluhlu lweemveliso ukongeza ezinye okuziinkozo kunye nomgubo. Phakathi ngoFebruwari nango-Oktobha revolution yeSocialism koovimba karhulumente yongxowankulu expectedly ukubaleka, kodwa urhulumente yokuqala yiSoviet sele ngowe-1926 laba sisiqalo sendalo-mali eza kugcinwa, nto leyo lilawulwa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu korhulumente.

Imbali yokuqala reserve karhulumente eSoviet

Enyanisweni, i-NT kwi-USSR wabonakala ngowe-1931, xa kwabunjwa iKomiti zolondolozo, kunye nentloko yayo ubekwa Kuibyshev. Ukususela ngoko, lonke engxamisekileyo yonikezelo iimveliso zixhomekeke elinye igunya kunokuba ngamnye kumaziko emfundo, imibutho kunye namashishini. Olu xwebhu ongumsunguli ekubunjweni reserve karhulumente zabuya ngo-1939. Le ke karhulumente oovimba isakhiwo ngokuthe igcinwe kude kube ngoku.

ubonelelo Emergency kule minyaka phambi nasemva-imfazwe

Makhe kutyhila zengcebo lizwe lethu. imeko Pre-imfazwe ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwandisa NC. supply Emergency kwaba ngoku nako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini. Kweli nqanaba, oko hayi reserve kuphela ukuba ngokugaya-mkhosi, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ukususela ngo-1939, wayibeka phezu nokugcinwa engcwele reserve kaxakeka. It iqulathe iimveliso kunye nezinto iingalo kunye zomkhosi izixhobo, ukutya, amafutha, ezoqoqosho kunye nezempilo (zokubopha, amayeza) kwipropati.

Ubukhulu becala zilungiswa reserve olungxamisekileyo ukunceda kwenza umonakalo omkhulu eSoviet Union kwiminyaka yokuqala kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Njengoko kubhaliwe eziphikisanayo, kodwa ngeli thuba koovimba USSR kuphela ninganciphi, kodwa awongezelelekileyo phantse kabini ngenxa inkcenkce, i-aluminiyamu, nickel, nezinki, isonka ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga nenyama. Emva kokuba Victory Great baba imizamo eliqela ukuvuselela inkqubo reserve karhulumente, kodwa eneneni kwenza kube lula kuphela kunyaka we-60.

NZ kule yokugqibela leminyaka le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Ngowe-1990 kwasekwa imathiriyeli zolawulo kaxakeka. Isakhiwo iyilelwe ukuze kwakhiwe inkqubo reserve karhulumente, equka ukutya, unyango, zemali, izinto kunye nezo zobugcisa.

Le nkqubo yenzelwe ngokusekelwe kweenkcukacha zamanani kunye nokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kuqala amanyathelo xa kukho iintlekele: iintlekele zemvelo, iintlekele ezenziwe ngabantu, yimpi ezinye iintlanga Russia kunye nezinye iingozi apho kwabelwene ngazo nondlunkulu. Ukuphambukisa emergency izinto oluqhutywa-endlwini, okanye urhulumente reserve ezithile iingongoma okwindawo kuzo zonke iingingqi weRashiya.

"Kwi State Material Reserve"

Modern reserve kaxakeka (lasungulwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokwenza) kulawulwa Federal Law 1994 "Kwi State Material Reserve".
Olu xwebhu esekwe ukuba reserve karhulumente eRashiya:

• ukuqinisekisa ukususwa ekhawulezileyo neziphumo eentlekele zendalo neentlekele ezenziwe ngumntu;
• amalungiselelo kwangethuba uncedo koluntu kunye nenkxaso karhulumente kwimimandla kunye nezifundo ze-Russian Federation abachaphazelekayo: abahlali babo, amashishini, amaziko kunye nemibutho;
• ukubonelelwa impembelelo yolawulo kwimarike ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho kunye namandla;
• ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno Russia kwixesha la maphulo.

Ubume reserve olungxamisekileyo Russian

Ngowe-2006, imbeko kwinkqubo reserve karhulumente isikhumbuzo semidesyatipyatiletnego iinkonzo federal waphakamisa kancinane umkhusane eyinzuzo wenza yinxalenye encinane oonondaba ukuba Rosrezerva. Xa ingxelo ekhethekileyo, "NZ" zakhutshwa zamani ezincinane ulwazi malunga imfihlelo ibalulekileyo lwesakhiwo Russian Federation.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Okwangoku reserve urhulumente malunga ne-10 000 amagama lweemveliso zokutya, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zomkhosi iimpahla zoshishino. Ngqo indlela oovimba eli lizwe, yazi abantu ababini kuphela: umongameli Russian kwaye kungakhokelela nesakhiwo Rosrezerva. Le yokugqibela, ngokuzenzekelayo, uye waqinisekisa ukuba koovimba aya ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela bonke abemi Russian Federation zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintathu ezingxamisekileyo. Kakade ke, sithetha ngokuyintloko malunga nokutya. Iziyobisi, zokubopha, izixhobo zombane, iimpahla kunye namafutha zigcinwa ixesha elide.

Ngaphezulu kubaluleke gqitha zorhwebo, kwisakhiwo i-NC luquka ezininzi amaziko: Research Institute, Ukulinga Mechanical yeziTyalo, Polytechnic College kunye Information Technology Centre.

Le oovimba kweemveliso egcinwe nje kuphela elide kwi-ubomi, kodwa kuhlohlwa inaliti, uluhlu iphambili iziyobisi, inxeba zokubopha, impahla yokunxiba kunye amalaphu, izinto zokwenza imveliso, izixhobo, nkqu zezikhali iibhulorho amafutha kaloliwe phezu kwemilambo eziphambili. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha akhawunti NT for ukutya, ngoko isitokhwe iyahlaziywa rhoqo kwiminyaka omnye ukuya kwemibini, njengabanye (izinyithi, izixhobo zombane, impahla, njl) - qho emva kweminyaka eli-15.

Lapha kunye nezixhobo yokugcina Rosrezerva

Yokugcina izinto likaxakeka zigcinwa kwi emfihlekweni ingqongqo. ivenkile nganye lixhotyiswe iimpompo ezinamandla xa zizikhukula komhlaba kwaye phantse iingcango zesinyithi-kangangesiqingatha semitha.

La maziko, ezo ibekwe ubuncinane 150 ngaphantsi komhlaba, unako ukumelana ibhombu yenyukliya okanye intlekele enkulu yendalo. Kukholelwa ukuba ivenkile ibekwe kude kwiindawo ezihlala abantu, kodwa indawo ngqo yaziwa kuphela abantu ababini ngasentla.

oovimba State of kwamanye amazwe

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubonelelo olungxamisekileyo of Russian asetyenziswe phantse angamashumi imisebenzi ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa likaxakeka nokuqinisekisa ngonikezelo ngexesha uncedo amazwe amabini amazwe. Hi ndlela leyi, kumazwe angaphandle nabo ingqalelo kakhulu ukuyilwa loovimba. Ngoko ke, kukho ulwazi ukutya ezingcwele United States of America oovimba kuya kuthatha iminyaka emibini imfazwe.

Abasebenzi Rosrezerva bacebisane rhoqo ulwazi malunga zolondolozo ezingxamisekileyo kunye nabalingane evela kumazwe ico naseYurophu, anikane iziganeko isabelo kunye nokuxoxa ngemiba ngamazwe. Intsebenziswano kunika ithuba lokuba enze ngendlela eququzelelweyo ne ngokukhawuleza xa kunokwenzeka naluphi na olungxamisekileyo kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe.