Izithako ze-Antifreeze kwisisombululo: iimpawu

Izithako zokufakelwa kwe-Antifreeze kumdaka namhlanje zisetyenziswa ngokukodwa ekwakheni. Ukubonakala kwazo kwavumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka ngaphandle kokulimaza kumgangatho wezinto eziza kwenziwa.

Isidingo sokusebenzisa izongezo ze-antifreeze

Ukuba isisombululo siphululwa ngaphandle kwezithako ezizodwa kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi, ukuqina kwalo kuya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, oku kubangelwa ukumiswa kwe-hydration yecandelo le-samente. Xa ubushushu bufika -3 ° C, umbane oqulethwe kwikhonkrit uqala ukuguqula iqhwa, kwaye inkqubo yokumisa iyanqamuka. Xa isisombululo siphumelela, zonke iinkqubo ziphinda ziqaliswe, kwaye isakhiwo siyaqhubeka sifumana amandla. Kodwa ukuba ukubunjwa kweqhwa kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthululela, ukukhonkxa kwekhonkrithi kuya kuhamba kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-monolith yesakhiwo esingavumelekanga, oku kuya kubakho amandla angabalulekanga, ngaphezu koko, isakhiwo asiyi kulwa neqhwa.

Ukongezwa kwe-antifreeze isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwisisombululo esizaliswe ebusika, iinkqubo ezinzima zenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Ama-agent antifreeze anako ukunciphisa iphoyinti eliqandayo lomlambo, ukwenzela ukuba ikhonkrithi iya kuqhubeka ifumana amandla kumaqondo aphantsi.

Ukongezwa kwe-Antifreeze-ammonia amanzi

Amonia amanzi asebenza njengesongezo sezomnotho sokwenziwa kwekhonkrithi . Unempawu ezigqwesileyo eziphezulu xa ziqhathaniswa nezixazululo ezinamandla ze-calcium chloride kunye ne-potash. Ngaloo ndlela, ibonisa ipesenteji encinci yokwandisa, okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu kumbandela weengxaki eziza kwenzeka xa kuqalwa iqhwa.

Ukuchazwa kwesongezo se-antifreeze sisetyenziselwa isisombululo ngobungakanani obuninzi, obunikwe imigaqo yobushushu bomoya wangaphandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhethiweyo yamaminia ikhethiweyo, kwaye ayikho enye i-additives, nangenxa yokuba ayibangeli ukubola kweentonga zentonga. Isongezelelo asikwazi ukunciphisa iimpawu zokubambelela ngokuqiniswa kunye nomdaka, akunciphisi ubuchule besakhiwo kwi-frost-proof, ayikwazi ukukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweendawo eziphakamileyo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zendawo kwizakhiwo. Amamoniac amanzi agxotha ixesha elide kube lukhuni lwentente, evumela ukuba kubekho ukulula okubekwa komxube, onokuhlala ixesha elingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-4-7.

Iimpawu zongezelelo ze-antifreeze

Kufanelekile ukukhumbula, ngaphambi kokungeza izongezo ze-antifreeze kwisisombululo, ukuba banako ukuhamba kunye nokudala iindawo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezithile, umzekelo kwiimbambo okanye kwiindawo eziphezulu. Emva koko banokufumana isakhiwo se-crystal. Ukuze ungabandakanyi oku, ungaqali umsebenzi ekuzaliseni, xa iqondo lokushisa ixesha elide ngaphakathi kwimihla lihluka kakhulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa iimeko zitshintsha ukusuka kwi-low to positive. Le nkalo yeemeko zemozulu iyimpawu kwixesha lekwindla okanye entwasahlobo yasebusika.

Ezinye izithako ezenziwe nge-antifreeze kumdaka zingabangela ukutshabalaliswa kwekhonkrithi egqityiweyo. Oku kudla ngenxa ye-cristalisation of salts, enokuthi iphawulwe kwiindawo apho izithako zihlala kwiindawo ezigxilwe kuzo. Emva koko, oku kungabangela iziphene zakhiwo. Iyona nto ifumaneke kakhulu kulezi ziqhamo zikhona izithako eziphakathi kwezithako ze potashi, kwakunye ne- calcium nitrate. Ukuphelisa iingxaki ezinjalo ngokubala ngokuthe ngqo ukuthotyelwa kwemali yesongezo ngokubhekiselele kumthamo nokubunjwa kwesisombululo, kunye neemeko zangaphandle.

Izilumkiso

Ezinye izithako zokufakelwa kwe-antifreeze kwisisombululo (Astana - enye yezixeko apho zingathengwa khona) akufanele isetyenziswe ngekhonkrithi eya kubonakala kwiindawo eziyingozi ngexesha lokusebenza. Oku kusebenza kwimimiselo enama-salts amabini. Ngaloo ndlela, i- sodium kunye ne-calcium chloride iqinisa ukubola kwesimbi, enokwenzeka kakhulu kwiimeko kunye nomswakama ophezulu kunye nobukho be-oksijini emoyeni. Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye neengongezi ezinobungozi zokuqiniswa, ezinobuqhophololo be-inhibitors zensimbi, ngoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwecandelo le-chloride kungancitshiswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba i-i-nitrite ion zongezwa kwikhonkrete (ubukhulu bomlinganiselo weHH: HC ngu-1: 1), ii-chlorine ions ayingozi kakhulu ukukhuseleko lweempawu zobunjani bokuqiniswa.

Iingenelo zengxube ze-antifreeze

Xa udibanisa izongezelo ze-antimorose kumdaka kumbumba okanye iziseko zokwakha kunye nezinye izakhiwo, kunye nezakhiwo nezakhiwo, unokuqiniseka ukuba zi:

• Ukwandisa iplastiki yesisombululo;
• Vumela ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokwakha kumaqondo atshisayo aphantsi;
• Ukwandisa iimpawu ezihambelana nekhonkrithi;
• Ukwandisa ubuninzi bekhonkrithi;
• Ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo emva kokuqina;
• Ukubonelela ubomi obuninzi benkonzo yesakhiwo sekhonkrithi.

Iindleko zee-additives additives

Izithako ze-Antifreeze kwisisombululo zingaba neendleko ezahlukileyo, eziya kuxhomekeka kwimpawu zobunjani bobunjwa, izithako kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-additive "I-bitumast" yemveliso yaseRashiya ingathengwa kwisitya esilungileyo, umthamo we-13.5 kg, apho umboleki uya kufuneka akhokhe iiruble ezingama-638.

Ukuba unenjongo yokuvelisa umsebenzi wokwakha ebusika, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuneka uncedo lwe-antifreeze kwisisombululo. I-Kazan (ebizwa ngokuthi i-LLP "Priority") inikeza loo mveliso kumvelisi waseJamani ngama-ruble angama-285 (ilitha ezili-10).

Unokukhetha ukwenziwa komenzi oza kuba neyona nto enokuyenza ngayo ngexabiso. Emva koko, kwimakethi yokwakha namhlanje, izongezo zivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.