I-Adrenal hypofunction: iimpawu kunye nonyango

IiHormone zithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yazo yonke imimandla yomzimba. Ezi zinto zibonakaliswa kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga, zichaphazela ukukhula kwezicubu kunye nophuhliso lwabo. Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yintlungu ye-adrenal glands. Iimpawu, iimpawu zesifo kunye nonyango lwazo ziya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Ingundoqo yesingxaki

Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-adrenal gland kubangela ukuveliswa okwaneleyo kwama-hormone athatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo yemisebenzi yamaseli omzimba. Ukuba iimveliso zabo ziphazamisekile, unokubona indlela amalungu omzimba womntu ayeke ngayo ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

Iingqungquthela ze-Adrenal zinamalungu aqiniweyo. Ezi zilandelayo zijongene nokuveliswa kwamahomoni amaqela amaninzi. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i- adrenal glands ayiqhelekanga , i-hormones? Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezigulane ze-adrenal kunokukhokelela ekulahlekeni okanye ngaphezu kwe-cortisol, i-aldosterone, i-sex steroids egazini. Konke oku kubandakanya ukuphulwa kwezinto ezinzulu emzimbeni ngemiphumo emibi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo.

I-Adrenal hypofunction: iifom zokugula

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesifo. Esi sifo sinokuhlala siphele okanye sisisigxina. Kwimeko ephosakeleyo yesi sifo umntu ahlaselwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-addisonic crisis. Umntu kufuneka alwe nokunciphisa ubunzima, ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi.

Unyango olungapheliyo lweengxaki ze-adrenal zihlukaniswe zibe ziisekondari nakwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ifom ye sibini ivela xa izicubu zeengqungquthela ze-adrenal zonakaliswe. Iimeko zihlala zichaphazela abantu abadala. Ifom ye-tertiary ayifana kwaye iyakhiwa ngokufihlakeleyo kwe-hormone corticoliberin yisebe leengqondo - i-hypothalamus, eyona nto ibangele i-atrophy ngokuthe gqolo kwi-adrenal glands.

Ukunyaniseka kwe-correnx ye-adrenal: iimpawu

Esi sifo sibonakala ngeempawu ezilandelayo:

1. Shintsha umbala wesikhumba somzimba emthunzini omnyama. Ubunzima beengxaki kumntu othile buyahlukahluka, ngokusekelwe kwithuba lokubunjwa kwenkqubo yesifo, kunye nesimo sesifo. Okokuqala, ukunyamala kwesikhumba kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zomzimba: izandla, intamo, ubuso. Kwezinye iimeko, iindawo ezimhlophe ezibizwa ngokuba yi "vitiligo" kwifom. Kwizinsini, ulwimi, imilomo, ezinye iimbumba ezinamaqabunga, iindawo ezibomvu zingabonakala.
2. Ngoxinzelelo lwe-adrenal glands, uvakalelo oluninzi lokukhathala kunye nobuthakathaka obusakhulayo bukhula. Kamva isibonakaliso sincediswa ngokunciphisa umzimba.
3. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
4. Ukuphazamiseka kokutya. I-hypofunction ye-correnx ye-adrenal ingabangela isifo sohudo, ukugcoba, ukuhlanza, ukuhlaselwa rhoqo kwesohlwayo, intlungu esiswini.
5. Ukukhathazeka, ukunganakwa, ukukhunjulwa kwengqondo, ukungabikho kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa ingqwalasela.

Izizathu zesifo

Ukuxhamla kwe-adrenal gland kaninzi kuvela kwimvelaphi yeempendulo ezingalunganga zomzimba, ngexesha apho izicubu ze-adrenal zonakaliswa. Esi sizathu sikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwesi sifo malunga nama-98% amatyala. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-1-2% yamatyala, i-hypofunction iyaqhubeka ngenxa yesifo sofuba se-adrenal glands.

Uhlobo olubi lungakhokelela ekudalweni kwesifo. Esi sifo sesifuba, njenge-adrenoleukodystrophy, senza iiphene kwi-enzyme ezithatha inxaxheba ngqo kwi-metabolism ye-acids fatty. Ngalesi sifo sokufa, ama-acids acids agxininisa kumbandela omhlophe we-system ye-nervous. Ngako oko, oku kubangela ukuba utshintsho olunzulu lomzimba lungumzimba.

Yintoni enye engabangelwa yi-hypofunction ye-adrenal glands? Izifo ze-cardiovascular system, izicubu ze-pituitary gland - konke oku kunokubangela ukuba sisifo.

Diagnostics

I-adrenal hypofunction ifumaneka njani? Kunokwenzeka ukukrokra isifo kubantu abanezikhalazo ezihambelana neempawu eziphambili zesifo. Ukuze uqinisekiswe ngento ephoxekayo, isigulane sithunyelwa ngokubonisana ne-endocrinologist. Ukongeza, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoviwo, ugqirha unokuthumela isigulane kwiimvavanyo ezilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-hemoglobin;
• I-Glycemia - ukubona ukuhla kwezinga leshukela;
• Ukufundwa kwe-plasma ye-electrolytes yegazi-ukufumanisa ukuphulwa kwe-concentration ye potassium;
• Uhlalutyo lwama-hormone - ukuxilongwa kokunciphisa i-cortisol;
• Iisampula ezikhethekileyo - Ukuhlolwa kwetrone, umthwalo wamanzi, iprofayili ye-glycemic.

Ukongezelela ekusebenzeni ukuhlalutya oku ngasentla, i-endocrinologists ayifaki ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo, isifo sofuba, esisoloko siqhubela kwi-hypofunction ye-adrenal glands. Ukuvavanya imeko yeengqungquthela ze-adrenal, oogqirha badla ngokuya kwi-tomography, ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi.

Unyango

Unyango ekuphuhliseni i-hyporenction ye-adrenal iquka ukutshintshwa kwendalo yonke yemveliso ye-hormone ngokuthatha amachiza kunye nomxholo we-corticosteroid. Unyango kwiinqanaba zokuqala ngokuqhelekileyo uqala nge-injection ye-hydrocortisone emzimbeni wesigulane (intravenous okanye intramuscular). Ukuphuculwa okubalulekileyo kwimeko yomntu onale nyathelo kuqinisekiswa kokufumana ukuxilongwa kokuqala. Kamva, xa imeko yesigulane igxininiswe, lo myalelo ukhankanywe ngamachiza kunye nomxholo wamaminerali kunye ne-glucocordicoid.

Ngeentlondi ze-adrenal, izigulane kufuneka zihambelane nokutya okunzulu. Isilinganiselo sakhiwe ekusebenziseni inani elongezelelweyo lokutya okuphezulu khalori. Imimiselo iyimveliso ezaliswe ngamaphrotheni, ama-acid acids, iivithamini. Kule meko, isixa sosawoti ekutya akufanele sidlule i-10 grams ngosuku.

Izigulane ezinobungqina bentliziyo ye-adrenal glands kufuneka ziphephe ukunyuka komzimba, kunye neengcinezelo, iimeko ezingakhokelela ekuziphatheni kokuziphatha. Kwakhona, kufuneka sithintele kakhulu ekusebenziseni iipilisi zokulala kunye neziyobisi.

Kwinkqubo yokonyango, izigulane kufuneka zenze iinjongo ezijolise ekulawuleni umzimba. Abantu abanesisindo se-adrenal gland banconywa ukuba bagcine izinga le potassium kwi-serum. Kwakhona kufuneka ukuba uhlolisise ngenyameko uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye uthathe amayeza, anceda ukugcina izinga elizinzile.

Ukuxeliswa kwe-hyporenction ye-adrenal

Ngokubona ngokukhawuleza kwengxaki, ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo nokuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-hormone unyango, abaninzi abantu banesiqhelo esihle sesi sifo, kungekho miphumo ebonakalayo emibi emzimbeni. I-predict in this case igqitywe yimpumelelo yokuphelisa loo nto kuthiwa yimingcipheko.

Kwimeko yokuphuhliswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuhlinzwa, ukulimala, ukuvela kweengxaki zesisu, ukunyuka okukhawuleza kwimiba yeziyobisi kunye nomxholo wamahomoni enqunywe ngugqirha kuyadingeka.

Ekugqibeleni

Ukunyaniseka kwesifo se-adrenal sisifo esibi kakhulu, esingafanelekiyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isantya kunye nobume beenkqubo zentlalo emzimbeni. Ukuba nethemba lesiphumo esihle sonyango, kubalulekile ukuchonga iimpawu kwangaphambili, ukwenza iziphumo zokuxilonga, kwaye ukhethe amalungiselelo afanelekileyo. Ukuba yonke into eyenziwa ngexesha, unokukhetha ukhetho lwonyango oluya kumvumela umntu ukuba ahambe ngendlela eqhelekileyo yobomi aze azinandiphe imihla yonke ahlala kuyo.