Izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo iiseli

Cell ebizwa unit eziziziqalelo isakhiwo eziphilayo. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo - nokuba abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo, nomngundo okanye neentsholongwane - ngokusisiseko unayo iselula. Emzimbeni othile ezi seli zininzi - amakhulu amawaka iiseli ezibumba umzimba ezincancisayo nezirhubuluzi, kwaye umntu va kancinane - iintsholongwane ezininzi zenziwe kwiseli nje enye. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba inani leeseli njengoko nokufumaneka kwabo.

Kudala kwaziwa ukuba iiseli zonke iipropati labaphilileyo; bona uphefumle, badle, ziyazala, nokuchuma nokuhlala kwiimeko ezintsha, zife. Ke kaloku, njengokuba kuzo zonke iiseli abahlala ekwakhiweni nguye izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo.

izinto ezingaphiliyo kakhulu ngakumbi, kuba izinto ezingaphiliyo - oko kukuthi ngamanzi kunye neetyuwa. Kakade ke, le nxalenye inkulu ikhadi igama "iiseli inorganics" unikwa amanzi - kuba 40-98% bebonke umthamo iseli.

Amanzi esiseleni lenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo: linikeza luthambe weseli kokwenziswa ekudibaneni kwemichiza nkqi kulo, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto efunyenwe iseli kunye neziphumo zazo. Ngaphezu koko, amanzi izinto ezininzi ezinyibilikayo, oko inxaxheba ekudibaneni kwemichiza yaye amanzi inoxanduva lokulawula iqondo lobushushu umzimba uphela, kuba amanzi a conductivity elungileyo thermal.

Ngaphandle kwamanzi, iyeza kwiQela kwiseli kwaye ziquka izimbiwa ezininzi, ziyahluleka ngo macrocells kunye microcells.

Ngu macroelements zibandakanya izinto ezifana intsimbi, initrogen, potassium, nemagnesium, isodiyam, isalfure, ikharbon, phosphorus, calcium, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

izinto Trace - kukuthi, ubukhulu becala, izinyithi enzima, efana boron, manganese, bromine, ikopolo, molybdenum, iodine, zinc.

Kwakhona, emzimbeni kukho ultramicroelements, kuquka igolide, uranium, imetyhuri, Radium, selenium kunye nabanye.

Zonke izinto ezingaphiliyo iiseli zakho zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, nitrogen babandakanyeka khompawundi emininzi - zombini protein non-protein, ikhuthaza ukuyilwa weevithamini, ii-asidi acid, zombala.

Calcium yi iglu ochasene potassium sinceda plant cells.

Molybdenum kuphucula kweelana kwizityalo nxamnye umngundo, izinambuzane kunye nokukhawulezisa protein yokuqaphela.

Iron obandakanyeka kwinkqubo ukuphefumla, kuba yinxalenye molecule mpilo.

Ubhedu inoxanduva ukuyilwa iiseli zegazi, impilo intliziyo kunye imnyama.

Iboron inoxanduva inkqubo yokukhula, ingakumbi izityalo.

Potassium inika iimpawu colloidal le icytoplasm, ukuyilwa iiprothini nomsebenzi intliziyo eqhelekileyo.

Sodium ikwabonelela isingqisho tye kwentliziyo.

Isalfure libandakanyeka ekubunjweni asidi ezithile acid.

Phosphorus libandakanyeka ukuyilwa eziliqela iikhompawundi ezibalulekileyo ezifana nucleotides, ezinye enzayim, AMP, ATP, ADP.

indima kuphela ultramicroelements ezingekaziwa ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa omnye kuphela izinto ezingaphiliyo iiseli babengayi kuba nako ukuyenza ngokupheleleyo yaye iphilile. mbandela eziphilayo kubalulekile, kunjalo, kunaso.

Ngokuba izinto eziphilayo ziquka namandla, lipids, iienzymes, zombala, iivithamini kunye iihomoni.

Carbohydrate zahlulwe monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides kunye oligosaccharides. Mono-, khe kunye polysaccharides zezona mthombo uphambili wamandla ukuba iiseli kunye nenyama, kodwa mixable kunye oligosaccharides ngamanzi yayifana kwizicwili kwaye akhusele iiseli kwiimpembelelo ezibi lwangaphandle.

Lipids zahlulwe amafutha ezifanelekileyo kunye lipids - izinto ezityebileyo-ezifana ukwakha maleko emolekyuli ezihlobene.

Enzyme ehlanganisa ukuba kukhawuleziswe iinkqubo kwemichiza emzimbeni. Ngaphezu koko, enzyme ukunciphisa isixa kudliwe belenza yomoya amandla reactivity.

Iivithamini zibalulekile lokulawula igcwala of acid kanye carbohydrate, kwakunye nokukhula eyiyo kunye nophuhliso.

Hormone ezifunekayo ukulawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo zomzimba.