Yintoni kwamanzi? iintlobo waterlines

Eli nqaku lichaza into kwamanzi, ngokuba yintoni yaye xa yaziswa kuqala ngumthetho phezu ukusetyenziswa elisisinyanzelo enye ntlobo zalo.

imikhumbi

wahlala ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye nendlela kuphela bahambe iinqanawa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kakade ke, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuqulathe inani kwizithintelo, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu kwaye ikhuseleke ezinye nje yayingekabikho.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa ceba izixhobo yokukhangela ngaphezulu okanye oluthembekileyo ngaphantsi, abantu bayakwazi ukuhamba phakathi amazwekazi, nto leyo idabi lokwenene. Ngokuthe ngcembe, njengoko abaziinkunkqele bakwazi ukuphucula uyilo iinqanawa, baza baqalisa compulsorily kuvela eziphawula kwamanzi. Kodwa yintoni na kwamanzi yaye kutheni kuyimfuneko? Ngokwenza njalo, siya kuqonda, kwaye kweli nqaku.

definition

Eli gama livela kulwimi Dutch, nto leyo kakhulu ubhalo. Ngapha koko, oko kukuthi ubukumkani yintoni enye yokuqala, zibubunjani ophezulu ubuciko bayo.

Amanzi Line - umgca apho umphezulu zoqhagamshelwano amanzi emile emkhombeni igobhogobho inqanawa ezidadayo. Ukuba eli gama ingqalelo ngokwembono yoyilo iinqanawa, kwamanzi - kwinqwelo-moya tyaba icandelo umzobo le yezindlu. Ngoko ke siyazi ukuba kwamanzi.

iintlobo waterlines

Kwamanzi lo ntlobo zilandelayo:

• Eyakhayo - umgca leyo kucishwe njengesiseko yokwakha kumzobo theoretical component. Ngokusekelwe izibalo lokuqala, ibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nqanawa yeetoni.
• umgca umthwalo yenzelwe ukujonga ezona avumelekile kwamanzi inqanawa ngenxa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, a kwamanzi onjalo ihambelana ezakhayo.
• Uqikelelo ubonisa uyilo, apho zigqitywa iimpawu theoretical component isitya.
• Le lwangoku isicelo igobhogobho yenqanawa, oko imbono ichaza kumphakamo wangoku weqela kwamanzi wenqanawa ngokuxhomekeke omninzi okanye uhlobo amanzi.

Ukuba sithethe malunga umgca amanzi ngoku, oko uzimisele kuxhomekeke ezahlukeneyo izinto, umzekelo, imilo igobhogobho, lexinene umbandela it akha kuzo, ubunzima amanzi kunye nezinye nokuphazamiseka.

Ummandla kwamanzi ingasetyenziswa ukubala ukungavumelani kwe ngokugcwaliswa lwezindlu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke umthwalo, imozulu, loxinano amanzi kunye nezinye izinto, le ndawo kwamanzi ingahluka kakhulu, kwaye umqulu kunye inqanawa uzinzo kunye nayo. Xa sincokola ngayo ubude bayo, kufeza njengomlinganiso yomgama xa kubalwa inani Froude ukuba iimpahla kunye ukubana, kwaye kungoko isantya yabo theory. Ngoku siyazi ukuba kwamanzi.

Nangona kunjalo, a eneenkcukacha uhlalutye inguqulelo yawo, njengoko umgca umthwalo lowo.

uphawu Plimsoll

Ngowe-1890, uphawu okufanayo kuye imithetho neempahla zonke ashishinayo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo ze kwamanzi, injongo yaso indima ebonakalayo ngakumbi.

Inyaniso kukuba phambi ukusungulwa kwamanzi iinqanawa ezininzi ezifana zabarhwebi yazika ngenxa sithwalisa, bathi umahluko lexinene emanzini, ngokuxhomekeke mmandla, ixesha, etyuwa kunye nezinye izinto. Emva koko umgca umthwalo yaziswa. Nalo, umntu onoxanduva umthwalo, ibala bomthwalo kwenxiwa emkhombeni, ngokujonga indlela, iimeko zemozulu, uhlobo amanzi kunye nezinye iparameters. Umzekelo zimpawu kungabonwa lo moya efotweni ngezantsi.

Ngamafutshane, umgca umthwalo i yaqaliswa ukwenzela ukuba kubekwe esweni umthwalo wenqanawa, kwaye ukuba amanzi ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kulungile. Kodwa ke njengoko sele kuchaziwe, kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe emanzini, namaxesha kunye nezinye iparameters. Ngowe-1890, iBritani wadlula umthetho ekusebenziseni enyanzelekileyo kumgca ukulayisha.