Ukwakhiwa Politburo phantsi Brezhnev: uluhlu

Igosa lezopolitiko leKomiti ePhambili yeKomiti yamaKhomanisi yaseSoviet Union yasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 1917 nguVladimir Ilyich Lenin, owamnika igunya lobunkokheli bezopolitiko ngokukhupha. Amalungu ale bhunga elilawulayo leQumrhu lamaKhomanisi belilungu elithile lokwenene elincinci elincomekayo kwaye lenza impembelelo enkulu kakhulu kwipolitiki, kodwa nakubomi beLizwe elikhulu lamaSoviet. Enyanisweni, sinokuzibiza ngokuzithemba ukuba yinkokeli ephezulu yeSoviet Union i-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU phantsi kweBrezhnev. Ukubunjwa (isithunzi sichazwe ngezantsi) kufaka inani labantu abangama-27, elowo lalinempembelelo enkulu kwi-Union of Soviets.

UBrzhnev uLeonid Ilich wabamba isikhundla sikaNobhala Jikelele weKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ixesha elide (1966-1982 gg.). Ukubunjwa kwe-Politburo ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev kubandakanyeka amaqela epolitiko anesimo seSoviet Union ngaloo xesha, kwaye baya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Ukubunjwa kwe-Politbureau ka-1966

I-Politburo yeCPS Central Central phantsi kweBrzhnev ngo-1966 yayinamalungu alandelayo:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Nikolai Voronov.
3. Polyanskiy Dmitry.
4. Suslov Mikhail.
5. Mazurov Cyril.
6. Kosygin Alexey.
7. Kirilenko Andrey.
8. Podgorny Nikolay.
9. Peles Arvid.
10. Shelepin Alexander.
11. Shelest Peter.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yebhodi, amalungu ayishumi elinanye kuphela ngamalungu e-Politburo weKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev. Ukubunjwa, ubudala kunye neefoto zamalungu e-Politburo kule minyaka ilandelayo inomdla omkhulu, kuba eli qela elikhethekileyo leqela lizaliswe yimigaqo-nkqubo eqaqambileyo yexesha layo.

Politburo ngowe-1971

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukukhula kwamalungu ePolbuburo weKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev. Ukwenziwa kowe-1971 kwakuqulethwe abantu aba-15:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Nikolai Voronov.
3. Grishin Victor.
4. Kirilenko Andrey.
5. Kosygin Alexey.
6. Kulakov Fedor.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Mazurov Cyril.
9. Peles Arvid.
10. Podgorny Nikolay.
11. Polyanskiy Dmitry.
12. Suslov Mikhail.
13. Shelepin Alexander.
14. Shelest Peter.
15. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Ukubunjwa kwe-Politburo ngo-1976

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Andropov Yuri.
3. Grechko Andrew.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Andrei Gromyko.
6. Kirilenko Andrey.
7. Kosygin Alexey.
8. Kulakov Fedor.
9. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
10. Mazurov Cyril.
11. Peles Arvid.
12. Podgorny Nikolay.
13. Romanov Gregory.
14. Suslov Mikhail.
15. Ustinov Dmitry.
16. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Utshintsho kwi-1981

I-Politburo yeKomiti ePhambili yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev, okwakhiwa kwayo kwahlala kungatshintshwa kwaze kwaba ngo-1981, kwakhiwe kabusha ngokutsha. Utshintsho aluchaphazelekanga kuphela umgaqo-nkqubo osukeleyo, kodwa kunye nesakhiwo sekomiti ephambili. Ubulungu obukhoyo buquka:

1. Brezhnev Leonid.
2. Andropov Yuri.
3. Mikhail Gorbachev.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Grechko Andrew.
6. Kirilenko Andrey.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Peles Arvid.
9. Romanov Gregory.
10. Suslov Mikhail.
11. Tikhonov Nikolay.
12. Ustinov Dmitry.
13. Chernenko Konstantin.
14. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Imicimbi ka-1982

Ukubunjwa kweBhodi yezoPolitiko yeCPS Central Central phantsi kweBrzhnev ngowe-1982 uye wangena utshintsho olukhulu, ukususela ngowe-1982 kwaphawulwa umcimbi onzima. Ngomhla ka-23 Matshi, kwisixeko saseTashkent, uLeonid Ilyich watyelela i-factory factory. Isihlwele sinyuka phezu kwamabhuloho, kwaye bawa ngqo kuye, kubangela ukuphuka kwe-clavicle. Le ntlekele yayishukumisa impilo kaLeonidy Ilyich ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingenakuqhathaniswa, i-collarbone ayizange ikhule kunye kwaye uNobhala-Jikelele kufuneka anqobe ubunzima obukhulu xa eqhuba iintlanganiso. NgoNovemba 10, wayengekho. Ukubunjwa kwe-Politburo yeCPS Central Central phantsi kweBrzhnev ngowe-1982, kwalahlekelwa ngabapolitiki ababini abaneempembelelo - uMikhail Suslov noLeonid Brezhnev.

1. Andropov U-Yuri (uNobhala Jikelele weKomiti ePhambili ye-12.11.1982).
2. Brezhnev Leonid (wafa ngo-10.11.1982).
3. Mikhail Gorbachev.
4. Grishin Victor.
5. Andrei Gromyko.
6. Aliev Heydar.
7. Kunaev Dinmukhamed.
8. Peles Arvid.
9. Romanov Gregory.
10. UMikhail Suslov (wafa ngo-25.01.1982).
11. Tikhonov Nikolay.
12. Ustinov Dmitry.
13. Chernenko Konstantin.
14. Shcherbitsky Vladimir.

Ezi zintlanu zibalulekileyo

Phakathi kwezinye iinzululwazi zezopolitiko zanamuhla kukho uluvo lokuba iingxaki eziphambili kunye nemiba yaqwalaselwa ngamalungu amahlanu angundoqo kwi-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev.

I-Politburo isombulula iimeko ezibalulekileyo - ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, iqela. Ubunobhala beKomidi Ephakathi bendilungiselela ukulungiselela le mibuzo, kwaye iikomishoni ezenziwe ngokukhethekileyo ziyisisombululo kwiingxaki ngabanye. I-ofisi yezopolitiko yenziwe ngamalungu amahlanu angundoqo eKomidi Ephakathi, amanye amalungu ayenelungelo kuphela lokuba nevoti yokucebisa kwiintlanganiso.

Ubani "kwi-elite ehlanu" i-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev, ngaluphi iminyaka ubudala engena kuyo?

Suslov Mikhail Andreevich (iminyaka yobomi 1902-1982 gg.). Waba ilungu lePolitiki ebubini kabini: owokuqala - usephantsi kweStalin IV, wesibini - ngo-1955, eneminyaka eyi-53 ubudala, kwaye wayeza kwada kwafa. Ingcamango ephambili yelizwe, uSuslov, xa wayelungu le-Politburo ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev yase-USSR, wayengumlawuli oyintloko kunye nomgcini weSebe, inkcubeko, inzululwazi, imfundo. Wayephethe i-censorship. Isithembi sikaStalin, osisigxina sezobupolitika, wayephethe isiteketiso se "gadalala" kunye "nomntu onogada." Wayenempembelelo enkulu kwizopolitiko zelizwe. Ngokutsho kwamahemuhemu, kwanomnye u-Comrade Brezhnev ngokwakhe akazange akwazi ukuphikisana noMikhail Andreevich.

Podgorny Nikolay Viktorovich (1903-1983 gg.). Kwi-Politburo kwakuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-17 - ukususela ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1977. Wayekhonza njengoSihlalo we-Presidium ye-BC CCCP ngexesha lolawulo lukaBrezhnev. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba iPodgorny, osolulwazi oluncinane nolwazileyo, unokubizwa ngokuba "yinhloko yombuso." Eqaphela oku, uNikola Viktorovich wayeyithande xa intatheli zathintana naye zambiza ngokuthi "ngumongameli weSoviet Union" kuphela. U-Brezhnev akazange amthande le nyaniso, kwaye ngo-1977 uneminyaka engama-74 ubudala uPodgorny wasuswa, edibanise isikhundla sakhe kunye nesithuba so nobhala jikelele.

Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich (Iminyaka yobomi 1904-1980 gg.). Kwaziswa kwi-Politburo yeCPS Central Central phantsi kweBrzhnev (ukususela ngo-1960), kwaye yayikukufa kwayo. Wayengumntu ophethe irekhodi-wayengumongameli weBhunga labaPhathiswa iminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo, ngoxa wayexakeke kwiindawo ezincinci kwi-Politburo. Wenza imisebenzi kummandla wezoqoqosho - wenza iinguqulelo kwinkqubo yocwangciso. Emva kokuhlaselwa kweentliziyo ezimbini, eneminyaka engama-76, u-Alexei Nikolayevich wasuswa kwi-Political Bureau phantsi kweBrezhnev.

UPeljes Arvid Janovich (Iminyaka yobomi 1899-1983 gg.). Umkhomanisi waseLatvia, wangeniswa kwi-Politburo ngo-1966, eneminyaka eyi-67. Wayethatha umhlala-phantsi malunga nokufa. Ukulawula ukugcinwa koqeqesho lweqela kwithuba likaSihlalo weKomiti yoLawulo lweqela. Yaziwa kwakhona nguArvid Yanovich ekubeni wabhala i-multivolume esebenza kwimbali ye-CPSU, icebisa ngelo xesha ukuba kufundwa ngokunyanzelekileyo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo.

Ustinov uDmitry Fedorovich (Iminyaka yobomi 1908-1984). Ilungu le-Politburo ukususela ngo-1976 de kube sekufeni kwakhe. Wafa eneminyaka engama-76 ubudala. Ukususela ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1945, wayekhonza njenge-Commissar yeArms, ngowe-1976 wabamba isikhundla esiphambili soMphathiswa wezoKhuselo. Engengomntu wempi, wayebizwa ngokuba ngumarshal. Uthiwa yinxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekusungulweni kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan. Wayenalo lonke ithuba lokuba uNobhala Jikelele wongqungquthela kwilizwe elimalunga nokufa kukaBrezhnev, kodwa walahlekelwa yinto ephambili ku- Andropov u-Yuri Vladimirovich.

Uluhlu lwamanye amalungu

Ngethuba lokuhlala kwe-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev, ukubunjwa, uluhlu lwawo malungu lubekwe kwitheyibhile, lushintsha rhoqo, lwakhiwa isakhiwo sombutho olawulayo welizwe.

Igama	Iminyaka yobulungu kwi-Politburo
Nikolay Voronov	1963 .... 1971
UDmitry Polyansky	1960 ... .1976
Kirill Mazurov	1965 ... .1978
Andrei Kirilenko	1962 ... 1982
Alexander Shelepin	1964 ... .1975
UPeter Shelest	1964 ... .1973
UVictor Grishin	1971 ... 1986
Fedor Kulakov	1971 ... 1978
Dinmuhamed Kunaev	1971 ... 1987
Vladimir Shcherbitsky	1971 ... .1989
Yuri Andropov	1973 ... .1984
Andrey Grechko	1973. ... 1976
Andrei Gromyko	1973. ... 1988
Grigory Romanov	1976 .... 1985
Mikhail Gorbachev	1980 ... .1991
Nikolay Tikhonov	1979 ... .1985
Konstantin Chernenko	1978 ... .1985
Heydar Aliyev	1982 ... .1987

Inqaku elifutshane lolwazi

Ilungu ngalinye, owake waba yinxalenye ye-Politburo yeCPS Central Central phantsi kweBrzhnev (ukubunjwa, ubudala, isithunzi sakhe sichazwe kwincwadana emfutshane), yenze igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni amandla amakhulu.

ULeonid Brezhnev

Wazalelwa ngo-1906 kwidolophana yaseKamenskoye (iUkraine). Wafunda kwi-gymnasium, isikolo sezobugcisa, iSiziko seMetallurgy. Wadlula kwiqela lakhe lomsebenzi. Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yadluliselwa nguLeonid Brezhnev kwi-post commissar yezopolitiko.

Ngo-1960 wahamba nge-BC CCCP. Ngenxa yokutyunjwa kweKhroshchev, ekulungiseleleni eyathatha inxaxheba ebalulekileyo, waba nguNobhala wokuqala weCPSU Central Committee ngo-1964, kwaye ngo-1966 - uNobhala Jikelele. Abahlalutyi babonakalisa uLeonid Ilyich njengomntu onobubele, onobubele, oyisigqeba esilawulayo nesigxina.

Ngethuba lokuhlala kukaBrzhnev, imali engeniso yesizwe eyakhulayo yanda, kwanezimboni ezithile zaveliswa, kodwa ngelo xesha, i-bureaucracy yaveliswa kwaye i-USSR yaqala ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yase-Afghan.

UMikhail Suslov

Umhla wokuzalwa - 11/21/1902. Indawo yokuzalwa: idolophu yaseShakhovskaya, isifunda saseSaratov. Intsapho uMikhail Suslov azalwe ngayo yayivela kwinqanaba elincinci kakhulu leli lizwe, kwaye ithuba lokufunda nokuphuhliswa kule nsizwa livele kuphela ekufikeni kwamandla aseSoviet.

Imisebenzi esebenzayo kummandla weqela, ukufudukela eMoscow kunye nokukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kumgca weqela kukukhokelela ekubeni uneminyaka engama-40 ubudala, uSuslov uthatha isikhundla sokuba nobhala we-Stavropol Territory. Ukusebenzisa ngokusemthethweni umgaqo we-Stalinist kwaye ngenxa yoko kuba yiyona ngqungquthela ye-Union - umhleli wephephandaba iPravda. Kuze kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe (kude kube ngo-1982) yayiyinxalenye ye-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev.

Arvid Pelis

Wazalelwa eLatvia ngo-1899, ngoJanuwari, kwintsapho yasekhaya. Wayengumsebenzi olula eRiga, ngelo xesha wajoyina i-Social Democratic Party yaseLatvia. Iingcaphephe ezikhokelela ngokutsha. Uthabatha inxaxheba kwi-1917 revolution.

Yonke imisebenzi eqhubekayo ka-Arvid Yanovich yayinxulumene nemicimbi yenkqubo kunye nokufundisa kwi-Red Army kunye neNavy. Ngethuba lemfazwe wayebandakanyeka ekuqeqesheni amaqela omkhosi. Wadlala indima ehamba phambili kwi-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU ngaphantsi kweBrzhnev, okwakhiwa kwayo yayixhomekeka kakhulu kwi-Pel'she.

Alexei Kosygin

Wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1904. Wayekhonza emkhosini, wafumana idiploma evela kwiLeningrad Textile Institute.

Wadlula indlela esuka kumphathi ukuya kumlawuli wefektri yase-Oktyabrskaya. Ngowe-1939 wanyulwa ilungu leKomiti ePhambili yeCPSU (b). Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, u-Alexei Nikolaevich waqala ukukhula. Ngexesha lemfazwe, wahamba noKhomishina weKomiti yoKhuselo loLuntu waza wathatha inxaxheba ekwakheni "iNdlela yoBomi" kwiLeningrad eyinqongqileyo. Unyaka emva kokunqoba ama-fascists okhethwe nguMongameli weBhunga labaPhathiswa beCCCP kunye nelungu lePolitiki. Ngokubhekiselele ekudakaleni kwezempilo kwakhishwa kwizithuba zakhe, wafa ngo-1980.

Nikolay Voronov

Wazalelwa ngo-1899 kwintsapho yomqeshwa webhanki, owathi waba ngutitshala kwidolophana. Ngaphandle waphumelela kwiiklasi ezisibhozo ze-gymnasium, ukususela ngo-1917 wayesebenza kwicandelo lebhanki. Amavolontiya aye emkhosini kwimikhosi yamatye, athatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yombutho. Walimala. Waphumelela kwiSikolo sePhakamileyo seArtillery School, ngoko i-Academy Academy ye-PKKA egama linguMikhail Frunze.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, ngowe-1943, wayala iinqwelo zokulwa. U-Nikolay Voronov wayengowokuqala kwimbali ye-USSR eya kunikwa i-rank of marshal of artillery kunye ne-marshal ephezulu yeengqungquthela. Wayevelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphambili njengommeli woMlawuli oyiNtloko. Umyeni oqhelekileyo wemikhosi, umlawuli onobugorha nomkhono onobuchule uNikolai Nikolayevich Voronov wanikezelwa ngamanani amabhaso, kuquka i-Order kaLenin kunye ne "Medal Third"

UDmitry Polyansky

Wazalelwa kwiintsapho ezihlala kwiidolophu zaseSlavyanoserbsk, esifundeni saseLagansk. Ukusebenza ngokwemvelo, wathatha inxaxheba ebomini bemizi yeso sixeko, wayenomdla kwiingcamango zeqela. Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Kharkov Agricultural Institute, wangena emkhosini. Uvuseleleke, uqala uqeqesho kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo, ngokukhawuleza kuholele ulawulo likommandla waseKomsomol.

Ngexesha lemfazwe usebenza emva. Ibonakalisa njengenkokeli engavamile, ihlala ifuna izisombululo ezingekho phantsi kwemiba. Emva kowe-1945 wayebandakanyekile kwimicimbi yokukhula kwezolimo e-Orenburg. Iqabane leNk Khrushchev, i-Polyansky ihamba ngokuphumelelayo kwinqanaba leqela kwaye ukususela ngo-1958 kuqeshwe uSihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa beCCCP. Ngokuza kwamandla eBrzhnev kuqala usebenza kwezolimo njengoMphathiswa weCX, kwaye emva koko ukhonza njenge-ambassador eJapan naseNorway.

Kirill Mazurov

Wazalwa ngo-1914 kwilali Rudnya Gomel zommandla esikhulu kwintsapho, apho wayemise khona omncinane. ukwazi okukhulu nokukwazi ukuba bafunde - wayekwazi sele ukufunda nokubhala kwiminyaka emithandathu. Emva esikolweni, wabhalisa College Road. Ndiphuphe of a pilot umsebenzi, kodwa zange zihambe ngenxa yamehlo. Ekubeni wakhonza emkhosini, xa imikhosi zikaloliwe, waba umluleki kwisebe yezopolitiko kaloliwe Belarusian.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, waba ngumququzeleli intshukumo ngokunomkhethe e Belarus. Emva kwemfazwe, waqhubeka caca lakhe phezulu leri iqela le - kuNobhala First of Communist Party of Belarus ukuya First Assistant nguSihlalo we-USSR Council of yaBaphathiswa. indoda Extraordinary kunye nesibindi, Cyril Trofimovich kwiminyaka ngoxolo benza ke nokuvuselelwa kweenjengele yabanqolobi owawela phantsi urhano umbuso. Yena wagxothwa kwi ekupheleni 70s. Wafa ngowe-1989.

Andrei Kirilenko

Wazalwa ngo-1906 kweli phondo Voronezh kwilali Alekseevka entsatsheni ababandakanyekayo okuloba abasakhasayo. Alekseevskaya waphumelela kwisikolo vocational, wasebenza emgodini, rhoqo benza umsebenzi iqela kunye yabasebenzi. Waphumelela Rybinsk ATI. Ilungu Communist yamaBolshevik Party ukususela ngowe-1931.

Umgca iqela lifikile indlela ende ukuya kuma ngentsika Yokuqala uSekela Sihlalo we-Bureau of the CPSU Committee Central, UNobhala CPSU. Waye omlawuli shishino kunye omnye abaviwa isithuba sikaNobhala Jikelele emva Brezhnev. Ngokunxulumene kokufa Leonida Ilicha waye ngembeko pensioned off.

UNikolai Podgorny

Wazalelwa kwintsapho wabasebenzi elingqukuva ngowe-1903 kwidolophana Karlovka e Ukraine. Wayesebenza evenkileni kumatshini, kunye nabanye abantu izama inxaxheba ekudalweni Komsomol intlangano Karlovka.

Ngowe-1939, Nicolai waba Sekela Commissar for Ukrainian ukutya kushishino CCP. Ngowe-1940 - uSekela Abantu Commissar of yokudla. Emva kwemfazwe, wadala abasemagunyeni eSoviet kwimimandla akhululwa ngamaNazi Ukraine, walungelelanisa ukutya. Kwi indawo kuNobhala yokuQala Central Committee USSR UNikolai Podgorny sele usebenza ukubuyisela uqoqosho kutshatyalaliswa nokuphucula ntle yabantu. Ngumsebenzi party onamava, uye wachitha ixesha kunye nomgudu eninzi kuphuhliso kwekhosi ye-CPSU waza wayithwala ukusebenza. Yena wafumana iimbasa ezininzi iinkonzo bakhe Communist Party.

Alexander Shelepin

Wazalelwa Agasti 1918 kwisixeko Voronezh. uyise Alexander xa wayesebenza njengesicaka yoluntu. imfundo ePhakamileyo MIFLI. Ngexesha angels ukuqasha kwamajoni zolutsha zamaqela yabanqolobi.

Emva kwemfazwe, waba unobhala yokuqala, yaye kamva waya i Komsomol. Wayesongamela ukulungiswa kunye ukuhlalwa leSithandathu yeHlabathi Festival of Youth and laBafundi. Ngowe-1958, Khrushchev wamiselwa yintloko KGB Shelepin. Alexander yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi iKGB, sityeshele inani nanto labasebenzi, zokubatshintsha ngabanye abasebenzi iqela kunye Komsomol. Ngowe-1961, Shelepin kukhethwe kwisikhundla UNobhala CPSU. Kucingwa nomququzeleli iphambili iyelenqe nxamnye Nikita Khrushchev. Lilungu Politburo phantsi Brezhnev kwaqala ngo-1964. NgoJulayi ka-1967 yena demoted yaye kungekudala nge ngamayelenqe agxothwa Politburo.

Peter Shelest

Ndazalelwa kwilali kwiphondo Andreevka eKharkov kwintsapho nabalimi abahlwempuzekileyo. Iminyaka emine wafunda kwi-School of the County, waza wakhokelela umsebenzi wakhe kaloliwe, owenza ngunoposi. Goliath Komsomol. Ilungu iqela ukususela-1928. Lowo wathunyelwa umsebenzi iqela Ukususela 1940.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, benza ukuba amashishini redeveloped lezoshishino nemveliso lweemveliso zomkhosi. Xa gqira zokuqala wonyulwa unobhala yokuqala Communist Party of Ukraine. Ukuthatha inxaxheba lombutho bias ne-ofisi Khrushchev kaThixo. Wavuzwa imigudu - waba lilungu Politburo. Ukuthatha ukukhusela iimfuno zoqoqosho Ukraine, ukufana axhasayo lobuciko. Wasuswa evela Politburo ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Walwa ukuzimela Ukraine, emva yokurhoxa lotyelelo Ngokubonakala kawonke eKiev. Wafa ngo-1996.

uViktor Grishin

Ndazalelwa kwisixeko Serpukhov, ummandla eMoscow ngoSeptemba 1914. Emva kokuphela esikolweni sikaloliwe Serpukhov wafunda le Moscow College of geodesic. Emva bakhonza Army, apho wakhonza zampolitruka waqhubeka inkqubela kumgca iqela le.

Ngowe-1956 wamiselwa USihlalo Trade Unions, ngo-1967 waba unobhala yokuqala yeKomiti Party Moscow City. Kuba ivelile Moscow Party manual umbutho lobungcali wawongwa isihloko uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi.

Fedor Kulakov

Wazalelwa kwintsapho amafama ngo-1918. Indawo yokuzalwa - kwilali Fitizh raylona mmandla Lgov Kursk. Sazi ngokuqeqesha, waphumelela College Agricultural Rila ngo-1939. Ukususela ngo-1941, lokubandakanyeka kumsebenzi iqela, xa uthe weza ke enyuselwa kwisikhundla sokuba nguSekela Mphathiswa i RSFSR Artists Union ngowe-1955, yaye ngowe-1959 - umphathiswa kwiivenkile RSFSR. Wakhonza njengentloko iSebe selhozotdelom CPSU Committee Central. Waye phezu ngokwemiqathango wahlobana Brezhnevym L. I. wafa ngesiquphe ngowama-1978.

Dinmuhamed Kunayev

Wazalwa ngo-1912 e Kazakhstan, kwintsapho breeder iinkomo. Kakuhle esikolweni kunye kwikholeji. umsebenzi party indlela yabo yaqala njengoNobhala First of Communist Party of Kazakhstan. I shoka kwaye ngempumelelo lamisela umgaqo-nkqubo CPSU Central Committee, ephethwe yi-Z Brezhnev, iqabane ogama ethembekile. Ngowe-1952 Dinmuhamed Kunayev wavunywa ngo-1971 njengelungu le-Central Committee CPSU. Wasuswa zonke izithuba yakhe 1986-1987. Wafa ngo-1993.

Vladimir Scherbitsky

Wazalwa ngo-1918 kwintsapho abasebenzi Ukrainian. Ebutsheni bakhe waba lilungu elikhutheleyo Komsomol. Ngokutsho kwimfundo yayo ephakamileyo - injineli. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe wafunda kwi Military Academy of yokhuseleko weekhemikhali, ngoko wakhonza itanki kwi South eCaucasus. Emva kwamabutho wayesebenza umsebenzi Party, okokuqala ikomiti wesixeko Communist Party of Ukraine, ngoko yendawo kuNobhala Communist Party of Ukraine. Ukususela 1961 ukuya 1963 waye nguSihlalo weBhunga of Balungiseleli Ukrainian SSR. Ukususela ngowe-1955 BC ulibamba USSR, kwaye ukusukela 1958 - USSR. ilungu Elawulayo BC Ukrainian CCP kunye CCCP. imigaqo-Active kwaye esebenzayo, kuthintele nophuhliso lwentshukumo wesizwe Ukraine, ayenziwa uqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko. Uye agxekwa ekufihleni iimeko yengozi eChernobyl. Wayeka xa ukunyanzelisa ka uMikhail Gorbachev.

kaYuri Andropov

Umhla wokuzalwa - 15.06.1914 ngonyaka. Ubaba wayesebenza zikaloliwe kummandla aseStavropol, unina wamfundisa umculo esikolweni wamantombazana '. KaYuri wayengumfundi olungileyo esikolweni. Emva kokugqiba kwakhe, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwikholeji ze emva koko - kwisebe imbalelwano ye-Higher Party School leKomiti Central. Kokuba uqale umsebenzi wakhe ngumsebenzi esiqhelekileyo, waba unobhala yokuqala Komsomol e Yaroslavl kwiminyaka emibini. Emva kweMfazwe Finnish balungiselela iiseli Komsomol kwi Karelian-Finnish Republic. umsebenzi wakhe ngempumelelo kule ntsimi wabonwa ziinkokeli iqela e Moscow, yaye ngowe-1950 uYuri Vladimirovich wathunyelwa kwisikhundla uMhloli weKomiti Central e Moscow, ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi-Ambassador of Hungary. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1967 Andropov waqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba nguSihlalo we iKGB. Kangangeminyaka eli-15 yomsebenzi wakhe kwesi sikhundla Andropov yeKGB ifumana impembelelo enkulu kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kwi-USSR. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka ekusukeleni umlo ochasene norhwaphilizo kulo amanqwanqwa aphezulu bamandla. Emva kokufa Brezhnev, Andropov waye wamiselwa uNobhala Jikelele. Walawula ilizwe ngesandla ngokuqinileyo, yintoni ndadibana inkxaso phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo. Wafa ngo-1984.

Andrei Grechko

Wazalelwa ngo-1903 kwilali kwisithili Golodaevka Kuibyshev, ummandla Rostov. abasebenzi Military, ukususela 1939 - Head of the Special-Calvary Division Bobo. Ngexesha yeHlabathi yesiBini kwakhe umthetho ukwahlulwa wamahashe, 1942 - Commander. Waba ngusekela ingqwayi-Voronezh Front ngo-Oktobha 1943. B 1945 Andreyu Antonovichu Grechko wawongwa isihloko Marshal eSoviet Union. Ukususela ngo-1957 - First USekela uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, 1967 - uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, ilungu Politburo. Wafa ngo-1976.

Andrei Gromyko

Wazalelwa ngoJulayi 1909 kwilali kwiphondo Old Gromyki Mogilev. Wayesebenza iminyaka eli-13 kweli ingxubevange, kunye noyise. Ngempumelelo wafunda ukuba ubonisa umsebenzi wayengumbhali wokuqala Komsomol kwandule ke Party, esiseleni. Waphumelela Minsk Economic Institute. Usebenze ngumlawuli we lali yesikolo. Njengenye isebenza kakhulu ulutsha, ndathunyelwa kufunda Academy of Sciences i BSSR njengoko owaphumelela njengomfundi, emva koko waya eMoscow. Rhoqo inxaxheba kwimfundo-self, nokumbona umsebenzi pilot wamajoni, kodwa ayiphumelelanga ubudala. Ngowe-1939 waya inkonzo sezozakuzo kuba wayesazi IsiNgesi. Oko kwakuphuma imvelaphi yesigaba, oko kukuthi, ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanele Party Committee Central. Yaba uzowenza abanobuchule kakhulu, ngenxa enomkhondo kunye ukuma ecacileyo. Ngowe-1957 iminyaka-28 ubude , Andrei Gromyko waba ngumlungiseleli amazwe. Wafa ngowe-1989.

UGrigory Romanov

Wazalwa ngo-1923 kwilali Zihnovo Novgorod Region kusapho abalimi. Le mfazwe yaba signalman, ukususela 1944 - Ilungu leqela. imfundo ephakamileyo Leningrad imikhumbi Institute. Ukuqulunqa umsebenzi kumgca iqela le - ngo-1970 waba uNobhala First of the iLeningrad yoMmandla Committee CPSU. iminyaka engamashumi ilungu le-Central Committee Communist Party, ukuba lilungu Politburo, owayephethe kwisakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso. Yaba lukhuni kunye nenkokeli umnqwazi. Yena umhlala emva kokuqeshwa kwakhe kwisikhundla uNobhala Jikelele MS Gorbachev. Umhlala. Wafa ngo-2008.

nguDmitry Ustinov

Wazalelwa Samara ngo-1908 olihlwempu usapho nabalimi enkulu. Ndasebenza eyi-10, ngaxeshanye wafundiswa locksmith. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-14 ubudala, waphosa iqashiso lakhe umkhosi, ukujoyina ezintlwini abavikeli yiSoviet ezihangeni amandla-Basmachi e Uzbekistan, apho intsapho yakhe bafudukela kusinda kwendlala nentlupheko. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, waba yamaBolshevik Party. Diploma emfundo ephakamileyo eLeningrad. Career wakha ngokukhawuleza - nje kokuba imfazwe yaba Commissar iingalo eSoviet Union. Yaphuhliswa Ezomva kushishino emkhosini, waba ngokunyanisekileyo esingelwe ukuya epatini, apho waba wawongwa elikwinqanaba uMajor General. Emva kokuba imfazwe wahlala njengoko umlungiseleli ukuziphendulela de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1984.

uMikhail Gorbachev

Yamahlwempu unyana, uMikhail Gorbachev wazalwa ngo-1931 kule aseStavropol kummandla. Ukususela kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala wasebenza entsimini. yesiliva, emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo wangena umthetho sokuzikhethela Moscow State University. Eyunivesithi wazibandakanya Komsomol, yaye emva kokufumana idiploma semfundo ephakamileyo waqala ukusebenza njengonobhala aseStavropol Komsomol. Ndiyifumana elithile ezongezelelweyo sezolimo nenoqoqosho. asakhasayo ngempumelelo kumgca we-Party, kungekudala Gorbachev azifumana ekuyo e Moscow, yaye Isiphelo sakhe uya kuhlangene kunye ingqukuva. Ngo-1978, waba lilungu Communist Party, njengoko uNobhala weKomiti Central olawula kwezolimo le Union. Yena lilungu Politburo phantsi Brezhnev.

UNikolai Tikhonov

Wazalwa ngo 1905 e Moscow kummandla, kwilali Petrovo Ekude. uyise UNikolai kaThixo ndandisebenza engineer. Nyana walandela - emva befunda iindlela zobugcisa zonxibelelwano, yaye emva koko e Metallurgical Institute, ndandisebenza njengoononjineli xa Dnepropetrovsk. Ebudeni bemfazwe yena umlawuli kwezityalo metallurgical, emva isigxina kushishino pipe-ukuziqengqa njengoMphathiswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni. ukukhula umsebenzi Sharp yaqala emva kokuba amandla, Brezhnev, leyo Tikhonov wayeqhelene ukususela 1930. USekela-INkulumbuso yorhulumente woMdibaniselwano, ilungu CPSU Central Committee, okokuqala isekela inkulumbuso, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1979 - ilungu Politburo. Ngowe-1980, Tikhonov ibamba ofisi eliphezulu CCCP iBhunga labaPhathiswa. ukuzinikela okukhulu ukwaliwa ngamayelenqe. Wayishiya post yakhe ukufika M. S. Gorbacheva.

uKonstantin Chernenko

Wazalelwa Septemba 1911 kwilali kwiphondo Bolshaya mavi Yenisei. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, wasebenza nzima. Ukuba ilungu Komsomol ngo-1929, esebenza isebe ukuphazamiseka lombutho wasekuhlaleni Komsomol. Ngowe-1930 wangena inkonzo emdeni kwecala le NKVD yaye kungekudala waba yintloko yawo. Ngelo xesha ke zahlangana yamaBolshevik Party. Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, waphumelela i-Higher Party School, ngoko wasebenza njengonobhala wekomiti iqela yengingqi kwisixeko Penza. Emva kwexesha elithile, uKonstantin Chernenko wathunyelwa eMoldova, apho wadibana ne-Z Brezhnev. Party umsebenzi Constantine Ustinovich kabukhali wenyuka, yaye ngo-1978 waba lilungu Politburo. Wonyulwa uNobhala Jikelele CPSU emva kokufa Andropov, kodwa wahlala kule ndawo ngenxa ngaphezulu kancinane ngaphezu konyaka. Wafa ngowe-1985.

Heydar Aliyev

Wazalwa ngo-1923 e-Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan SSR, wafa eMelika ngo-2003. Nguye lo mntwana yesine kwintsapho usebenza zikaloliwe. Bonke abazali Heydar kwakukho abantwana abasibhozo. Waphumelela zokufundisa Technical School, wayecebe ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo kwi-Faculty of Architecture Industry Institute e Baku, kodwa wangenelela imfazwe. Ukususela ngo-1941, Aliyev wasebenza iKGB: kuqala njengentloko yesebe le NKVD. Emva abapasa ezi khosi zoqeqesho kunye nokuzimanya ezintlwini CPSU (b) abe yintloko wesihlanu Directorate of the Ministry of State Security Azerbaijan CCP. Kakhulu abagqwesileyo kwibala intelligence langaphandle. Ngowe-1969 akhethelwe uNobhala lokuQala le-Central Committee of Azerbaijan SSR Communist Party, wenze inkqubela ekulweni urhwaphilizo kumanqanaba aphezulu. Ebudeni bolawulo Aliyev, Azerbaijan liye lafikelela okukhula koqoqosho. Waye umgcini ngezobunjineli, ishishini ukukhanya, ishishini yezothutho. Emva umhlala-phantsi ngo-1990, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.