Guohua - imibala amanzi umzobo yaseTshayina ne-inki. amagcisa Chinese. Education yokudweba

Amagcisa Chinese baye baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwihlabathi lobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yabo emikhulu yenziwe kwi iphepha irayisi neyesilika, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela bhile ulwimi laconic yokuluka.

izimiso zobuhle lemveli lezinto eziphilayo, uniko manani, iminyaka eliwaka yembali, Ibunjwe isithethe zeentanda-bulumko zobuTao, ubuBhuda nobuConfucius. Bakholelwa ukuba indalo ufundisa abantu ukuba babone ubuhle kunye inyaniso yako lo ngowona mxholo yokudweba emveli ase-China. yobuciko Ekhethekileyo ngu amagcisa zaphawula ezahlukeneyo - i igalelo elibalulekileyo kubugcisa ehlabathini.

Painting Chinese Traditional

Guohua - ukupeyinta Chinese, leyo olwahlukileyo iimpawu iipateni art asentshona: on sesilika abahle ekhethekileyo okanye iphepha umfanekiso brush isicelo. Iimvumi basebenzisa ezimbiwa, imifuno, imibala amanzi, i-inki emnyama, nemisebenzi yabo basoloko ngokohlobo umsongo tye okanye nkqo.

Ithatha indawo esembindini phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa China Guohua (ukupeyinta Chinese) yavela kwi VII-VIII kwiinkulungwane BC kunye nesiphelo kwesimbo kwenkulungwane XIX ufumana umoya wesibini.

"Amagugu Four"

Zokubhala Imizobo emveli ababhali basebenzise iseti eliqingqiweyo izixhobo: a-inki emnyama (okanye lemifanekiso), ngebrashi IsiTshayina ezenziwe ngoboya zendalo, iphepha kunye isixhobo inki ukugaywa. Amagcisa ezininzi zithande ukupeyinta ezinombala, bekholelwa ukuba "ndibatyhilele undoqo indalo."

ingqalelo Kuninzi kuhlawulwa umgangatho yelizwe izidumbu kunye kusetyenziselwa tile kukhanya lacquer emnyama. Masters bezihlikihla ngamanzi ukufumana ukuguda noburhabaxa ezifunwayo kunye nokudala ezahlukeneyo abangasekhoyo. Njengoko wabona amagcisa Chinese, ukuphumeza neziphumo ezinqwenelwayo asikwazi kuba ngenxa umgangatho abaziintsizana yesidumbu zaseYurophu.

Ngenxa yokudweba isebenzisa iphepha Xuan ezizodwa (yerayisi) kunye texture ethile. Ngamanye amaxesha imizobo zenziwa isilika okanye cotton.

Inkstone lixabiseke kakhulu, yaye abaninzi isuka kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ezi zixhobo, maxa wambi mbeje, eyenziwe jade okanye nodongwe.

line umzobo

Ukuba sicinga canvases yaseYurophu zipeyintwe lemifanekiso, ngoko ke asikwazi ukubona umgca hlobo. Xa umzobo Chinese yonke imifanekiso badalwe yi indlela yomgama. Oku kwahlukile style yemveli Guohua, ngamandla sifunda zokuphuhlisa ngempumelelo kaligrafi eli lizwe, ngamasuntswana zimane amagcisa bazise emsebenzini wabo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ubunini ubuchule ngebrashi kakhulu, nto leyo ngcono ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Xa amagcisa ezicekethekileyo okanye ubukhulu ngelayini usebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo Calligraphists sikhupha isithuba, umthamo, intshukumo, ngaphandle usebenzisa ubuchule njengesiqhelo ukukhanya nethunzi. Ubuhle yokudweba yaseTshayina kukho ekufundeni njengobuchule elikhethekileyo bi-mo, ogama lakhe bubonakala "ibrashi-ink". ngesithambiso esimnyama isicelo iphepha irayisi, ngephanyazo wendele, kunye nentshukumo omnye nzima, umgca ezingachanekanga ungatshintsha mood yonke mfanekiso, ukutyhefa inyaniso yobomi. Kuya kuthi konke ukuhamba kufuneka abe ngqo kunye ecacileyo, kuba akukho Cima okanye ezichanekileyo umfanekiso umbhali akayi kuba nako.

Technique lomfanekiso weminwe

Exakayo, amaTshayina ukupeyinta ubuchule Guohua akusoloko sibhalwe ibrashi. iinkosi badla ukusebenzisa izandla zabo, ukubonisa imigca zabo kunye nepeyinti mnyama. Ngabapeyinti isicelo imigca nentaba isikhonkwane kunye iindawo wenza iphedi komnwe wakhe.

umbhalo enkondlo

ukupeyinta Traditional Chinese yahlukile kwi-European ukuba lo mfanekiso kukho umbhalo zemibongo, wabulawa ngendlela calligraphic. Ngoko iinkosi bavakalisa isimo sabo ukuya kwimveliso, kunye nabalinganiswa gqibezela umxholo wayo zengqikelelo. Famous calligrapher, umbhali kunye igcisa Su Shi, owayephila kwinkulungwane XI, walwela ukuba ukubakho kule izibongo ukupeyinta. iileyibheli zibonisa uluvo lombhali kwaye ngesandla sakhe.

miqulu

Guohua - ukupeyinta Chinese, apho kukho uhlobo angaqhelekanga nemifanekiso. Ziqengqeleka stick kumqulu kwaye agcinwe kwiimeko evuthelweyo. Zililo abhaliweyo iphepha ekhethekileyo, hayi nje i-inki, kodwa kuphinde kunike izimbiwa kunye nemifuno izinto ekrwada. Mizobo e rolls, ayenzelwanga abaphulaphuli abaninzi, zigcinwe ukuze engaphezu kwewaka leminyaka, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa nokuqaqamba kunye Ukwanda imibala. Kwaye namhlanje ungabona obukhulu ezibhaliweyo kwiinkulungwane eziliqela ezadlulayo, amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

ukuchaza

Ukupeyinta imibala amanzi inki conciseness ezahlukeneyo, kunye ulwimi weesimboli nto iingcali kuqondakala kunjalo art Chinese. Umzekelo, izityalo kunye imigca zesihobe ebonisa amaxesha onyaka kunye nenyanga, okanye ikhandlela elivuthayo ebusuku show.

imigodi mbala ngo imifanekiso

Enye into eyahlula womzobo Chinese ukusuka West, kukuba ababhali imisebenzi aseleyo kwiindawo singena mntu ukuba bazimilise umfanekiso encinane diski okanye inkungu ezimhlophe. Maxa wambi kwesingenato isithuba okusindileyo ukuze babe nenkululeko wahlala ababoni ngenxa engqondo, ngokuba imizobo Chinese - yinto uhlobo lobugcisa emangalisayo, nto leyo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ubunye umbhali kunye nabaphulaphuli.

yoshicilelo obunyanzelekileyo bokuhamba

Ngenxa yesithethe, inkosi kufuneka ukuba ukwambatha print imveliso ye ebomvu, ngaloo ndlela ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zabo.

Cinga iimpawu zesithethe zobugcisa ezintle, sinokuthi Guohua - ukupeyinta Chinese, leyo ngemvisiswano idibanisa isihobe, kaligrafi, kwaye esizibonakalisa kwi ncoko izakhono press mfanekiso.

uhlobo painting

Xa umzobo Chinese ukuchonga iintlobo eziliqela. Okokuqala - Shanshiev (landscape). Kukho umbono yentanda ngokubanzi abantu kunye nendalo-nye, kwaye akukho miqobo phakathi kwabo. umsebenzi Landscape na isimo kumbukeli.

uhlobo Second - huanyao (umfanekiso enezityalo nezilwanyana). iinkosi Chinese okubona imilo ogqibeleleyo zezilwanyana, amatye, izityalo, kunye nokudlulisela ukuba nohlobo lokwenyaniso ongayi ungaboniswa ngamazwi.

Uhlobo lesithathu - zhenu (umfanekiso). Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo amagcisa nokusebenza nabantu, uyazi ulawulo omnye lecebo: belingana kunye ukufana creator yangaphandle kufuneka adlulisele imo ingqondo nesimilo, sigxininise ubuhle yehlabathi lakhe wangaphakathi. Onke amagcisa ukulandela ngqo lo mgaqo, kwaye nkqu kwibakala okuqala yophuhliso lobugcisa Chinese of ekufundeni uhlobo mfanekiso yafikelela inqanaba kakhulu eliphezulu.

styles Guohua

Kukho style ezimbini zemveli: Gunba egqubayo usaqala, nanko-yaye saka ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Makhe sihlolisise iimpawu zezi ndawo.

Gunba style Chinese - indlela ethile yokudweba apho ipeyinti lisetyenziswa kakuhle (kuquka umbala) kwaye esicacisa iinkcukacha zincinane. Eyona njongo iphambili yale wegcisa - ngokuchanekileyo ezibonisa ubunyani, yaye lo mbono naturalism ngokusondeleyo ukuya impembelelo zobuTao. Gunba ingqalelo ukupeyinta esemthethweni zemfundo. Imigca ngokucacileyo nendlela amagcisa okusebenza Wayivathisa ngaphakathi ye-Imperial Palace.

Noko ke, emva kokuba ukusasazeka obuBhuda abazobi lizwe uhlaziye ingcamango, yaye indlela entsha Chinese CE lubonakala ngendlela simahla yokudweba. Koqobo amele asikho isihloko zifana okanye into, kwaye anyamekele isimo transfer. Bafuna ukubonisa uvakalelo ngokunyanisekileyo, ukusebenza imifanekiso. Kukholelwa ukuba nanko-yaye - umzobo zobulumko kunye iimbongi, kwaye ngale ndlela kwabayili umsebenzi phantsi kwempembelelo ngesimo nomzuzwana.

Iindidi CE kwaye shuymo (inki emnyama kuphela isetyenziswa iiphatheni zokubhala).

Amagcisa amaninzi Chinese ukudibanisa ngempumelelo ubuchule babo emsebenzini kunye nesimbo ezahlukeneyo, besebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Li Keran, Qi Baishi, Fu Baoshi, Ifen Yang, Huang Binhong, Pan Tyanshou kunye nezinye iinkosi baye bakwazi ukuphumelela iziphumo zakhe ezichazayo emsebenzini, edlulisa umfanekiso endalo kunye capturing nokuba neenkcukacha ezincinane.

"Ukufunda" imifanekiso

imibala National amanzi painting luphawulwa ulwimi bendawo lokomfuziselo, yaye amagcisa bazisekela imisebenzi yabo engathandekiyo ethile. Ukuba baseYurophu ucinga ilaphu, abantu amaTshayina ufunde kubo. Le mizobo bazaliswe sengqondo esihle kwaye umnini wayo ngqondo elungileyo.

imisebenzi Chinese zizele nemifuziselo kunye yimizekeliso nje. Umzekelo, iintaba zimele ekuqaleni eliqaqambileyo eyindoda, namanzi - zobufazi mnyama. Umpeyinti udlula neyethu ombambazelayo, iimvakalelo ezithe zenzeka emva ukunxibelelana kunye nendalo, yaye akafuni ukuya naturalism kunye kufana lwangaphandle.

Ulungelane ummandla obubalaseleyo Imifanekiso yabantu ezincinane abonakalisa ukuba lo mntu - lo nto minor iphela, yona leyo kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo amandla alo. Kodwa ubugcisa yaseYurophu abantu basoloko ufaniswa namandla ukuba uyakwazi ukulawula lweziqalelo, kwaye iingcinga ezinjalo yomntu zahluke kakhulu ukusuka ukupeyinta osentshona Chinese.

Flowers - ibali ezahlukeneyo. Kukho ukupeyinta, ekuthiwa "ezine amanene":

• Orchid okukhombisa msulwa;
• Ifildi, ubonakalisa beneentloni nobunyulu;
• Plum zasendle Meihua - ukuqina kunye nokomelela;
• bamboo - uphawu umlinganiswa yabantu.

amagcisa badla ebonisa willow, leyo Liquka ubuhle kunye nokuphuculwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Yena Kufaka entwasahlobo nondiliseko zobufazi. Kodwa nompleyini - na ingcamango yolutsha obungunaphakade yaye sizibambe zikaConfucius.

Le ulwimi lokomfuziselo kucacile kakhulu kubantu abangamaTshayina, siziqonde ezo abangayi kuba nako ukusombulula intsinda-badala i zokuthetha, ukupeyinta kazwelonke kwakunzima.

master Guohua

Hsu Pei-aphahla wawazi ngokugqibeleleyo izakhono ezisisiseko yobugcisa yaseYurophu kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kuhlanganiswa kunye nezithethe Chinese. portraits zakhe ezibalaseleyo apho umzobi kakuhle kutyhilwa iimpawu zengqondo zabantu, zithathwa yobuciko art Chinese.

Ian Ifen, exelelwa iimbasa ezininzi yesizwe, i phambili ofanele kwenziwa kwiinkulungwane isiko.

Gu Yinchzhi, wafumana isihloko "Mchako Cats", usebenza isimbo nanko-kanye. Yena wayekwazi libonisa izilwanyana, kunye imizobo yakhe kunika oonozakuzaku Chinese zamandwendwe asuka ngaphandle kweli.

Qi Bai Shi - enye abameli liphambili isimbo. umakhi esomphathi, nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha iimpawu eziphambili, abhale Imizobo yokuqala, edibanisa ubuchule enkulu kunye ubugcisa kaligrafi kunye nemigca novakalelo.

Education yokudweba

Abantu abaninzi bafuna ukufunda iimfihlakalo Guohua, kodwa ukuba ufunde ukwenza ngayo akukho lula kangaka le ndlela. Amagcisa ixesha elininzi abaqhuba phambi kwakho ukusebenza, esiqhutywa ezikuphefumla enye, ukuze aphephe iimpazamo.

I-Chinese ukwazisa kuphela ubuhle olungaphandle imizobo, kodwa ke ngaphakathi, amandla abo kunye namandla. Iivenkile abaninzi athengise album ilizwe ekhethekileyo imibala, nto leyo ebonisa ukulandelelana imizobo. Olu qeqesho unika ukupeyinta iziqhamo zawo, yaye phantse wonke umntu angakha umfanekiso isimbo yemveli. Ngoko wafaka incasa elungileyo kungenelwe uthando yobuciko.

Imibongo, wazuza uhlobo yayo

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ngoku Guohua ukugcina umkhondo ixesha. Wahamba phandle kweemeko emnxinwa izithethe zesizwe Chinese. Kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo kukho izifundo kwimixholo owayephila ngexesha, yaye ezi imizobo azele isiqulatho esitsha. Vumela ukuba uyavumelana sakudala, wathi "ukupeyinta - oko yesihobe, leyo ethathe imilo."