Iikulya Repin. Mizobo wegcisa njenge uhlobo umlando bezobugcisa ixesha

Le mpumelelo iphezulu enengqondo ukupeyinta kwinkulungwane XIX, ezinxulumene ne amagama amagcisa abadumileyo Russian, phakathi apho kwindawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala iikulya Repin. Imizobo kunye nemisebenzi yalo inkosi - ilizwe lonke kunye gallery imifanekiso zahlukahlukene kakhulu.

A incinane

Ukuphumelela art eRashiya weza kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Iindlela yophuhliso lwayo kungqamane becala intshukumo kuphuhliso loncwadi. art Fine akashiywa sibukela yeenkqubo obuchaphazele ezingqondweni yoluntu. Eli lixesha ukuyilwa le yangoku, lusekelwe iingcamango wabeka ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo. Wakwazi ukuba lizuze ileta esemthethweni ukuba babambelele kule Akhademi of Arts Guide. Kuba igcisa ibalaselisa imixholo wentsomi kwaye yebhayibhile, sigwetyelwe ingcamango yokuba wena ngaphezulu ebomini.

Ngo-1863, abanye abaphumelele Academy wala ukwenza ipateni software. Abafundi thembisa izifundo, ebonisa iingxaki oluntu namhlanje, yaye wala. Khalaza, bashiya isikolo bengaligqibanga ikhosi, yaye kwasekwa I.Kramskoy "Petersburg Artel amagcisa." Kamva, eMoscow ukuba yayiququzelelwe Association of the ngabelusi 1870, nto leyo libonisa imiboniso kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Enye abanegama phakathi abathululi waba Repin iikulya Efimovich. yobugcisa kuba ngobugcisa phezulu peredvizhnicheskogo. Zibonisa bonke ubunzima lobomi; nabo utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ochukumisa zonke iinkalo zobomi, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kubandakanya utshintsho olubalulekileyo zobuciko.

draftsman Outstanding, colorist kunye portraitist, inkosi jenri nezembali imizobo, IE Repin Ushiye ilifa lobugcisa.

yokudweba yenkolo

Ngomhla wakhe wokuzalwa yesithandathu kulya Repin okwesihlandlo sokuqala wafumana isipho watercolors waza waqalisa ukuzoba. Kwiminyaka 12, inkwenkwe abanetalente wayezimisele ukufunda ngumzobi wengingqi I. M. Bunakovu e Chuguev (eKharkiv kwiphondo). Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala enkulu yaba ikopi icon ebonisa St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kwiminyaka eli-15, uEliya unesizathu esihle ingabalelwa i ngabapeyinti master icon elizimeleyo. Waqalisa ukusebenza neqela weengcibi zasekuhlaleni kunye namagcisa.

iicawa ipeyintwe, odolo ngamanye icons - ngoko waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe obugcisa, kulya Repin. Imizobo, iCanada, eni, edume Ngokwengcamango ebalaseleyo ebomini, isiqalo yokomoya, yokuchaza ocacileyo wendalo nazo zonke ukucalula zayo neemvakalelo bendalo, iya kwenziwa kamva. Umsebenzi wokuqala wegcisa - Imizobo zonqulo, umxholo apho ukuya kuwo wonke umsebenzi I. E. Repina.

umsebenzi enkulu Okokuqala, onikhuphileyo uzuko inkwenkwe elinesihlanu, yaba icon le "Emnqamlezweni" ebhalwe ngu K. Shteybena ukupeyinta "yiGolgota". Iikulya Repin waba yinkosi owaziwayo okwilizwe.

Ukuze yasinda lemifanekiso artist wokuqala - "View yesikolo yomkhosi abahloli e Chuguev" ukususela 1857.

Ngowe-1863, kulya wangena St Petersburg Academy of Arts. umsebenzi Abaphumelele wegcisa mfana kunikwa ibhaso liphezulu - imbasa yegolide, yaba womzobo "Le Ukukhulisa intombi kaYayiro kaThixo."

Kuba eziphathelene nenkolo Repin zabuya ngokuphindaphindiweyo enze umsebenzi icon-ukupeyinta. Ngowe-1898, ukuze baphile ukubona iindawo, apho waya wamvakalisa uKristu, kulya Yefimovich waya kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele. Apha, izixhobo ze womzobo "Ukulingwa kaKristu" ziqokelelwe, kubhaliwe kwathiwa, 'uKristu bethwele Cross ".

yokudweba wemidlalo Russian

ababephila Enye womzobi imangaliseke wayekwazi ngobugcisa obukhulu Ukuqamba multi-sibalo kanye uhlobo ezifana portraits "ophilayo".

Eyona nto zimangalisayo kubugcisa Russian "bakhe Barge Haulers kwi iVolga". Lo mfanekiso lwalupayintiwe emva uhambo ukuya iVolga ngo-1870. Kwenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla uluntu. Umbhali uthi ngokwakhe njengoko inkosi uluhlu enkulu. Ukuba igama eyaziwa ngokubanzi - iikulya Repin. Imifanekiso, iinkcazelo ngokuya zifumaneka eendaba ngamaxesha athile. Ingakumbi lukhulu lwamanqaku malunga "Barge Haulers kwi iVolga". Ngokutsho umzobi V. V. Stasova, nakwizibetho yabantu kukrakra, bako njengezilwanyana zemithwalo, akuzange wabonakala on ngelaphu kwi ubunzima embi, ngendlela loo usinga ihlaba.

Le mbasa eliphezulu kwi-Academy of Arts, Repin wabanika igunya lokuba enze uhambo eFransi. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1873 wenza uhambo ngeenxa Austria Italy. Xa imbalelwano yakhe kunye nabahlobo Stasov Tretyakov, Kramskoy wabelana neziyolo mizobo yi titian, Veronese, uMichelangelo, eni zakhe angathabatheki Rembrandt, Velasquez. In Paris edume kakhulu ukuba, yena iipeyinti, i "Paris Cafe", "Sadko", "mfazi omnyama".

Iminyaka yobudala legolide bobuchule Repin yaba ixesha ukususela kumhla lokubuya kwakhe ezweni lakhe. Kubonakala yakhe multi-uhlobo kunye nokwenziwa zembali, portraits yinzwakazi. izenzakalo ezahlukeneyo ebomini, ubutyebi kweentlobo esizwe kunye nabalinganiswa ezotywe amandla amakhulu iikulya Repin. Imizobo yakhe ziguqulelwa uhlobo umlando bezobugcisa kwexesha. Oku utyiwa, nomsindo, "Umntu ngeliso elibi 'kunye' nabancedisi zethu isicatshulwa" - ". Archdeacon" Oku buhle, abalimi ukudanisa abathintelwa, zingaxhelwa abantu bakaThixo ifilimu "Vechornitsi" kunye ukuchasana zentlalo, kuphikisana ezinzulu kuboniswa kule ngoma "Isakhiwo umngcelele kwiPhondo Kursk". Umculi ilawula ukuvelisa ingqiqo amanyathelo okwakubonakala lafika emehlweni kumbukeli kaThixo.

Iikulya Repin - artist, ogama imizobo zibonise ziqhele ngokupheleleyo ubomi. Ukuze siqonde imvelaphi umlinganiswa wesizwe, iintshukumisa weziphithiphithi ezahlukeneyo yembali, amandla amava ngokwasengqondweni, waphethukela izifundo ukusuka ngaphambili. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale amabali ezinkulu malunga ngokuhlala Nozipho Alekseevna in the Novodevichy Convent, ukubulawa Ivanom Groznym unyana wakhe Ivan. Yaba uhlobo logwayimbo xandzukela despotism. I artist bokuqala oye thaca revolution populists waba Repin iikulya Efimovich. Ukupeyinta "Le ukubanjwa ze", "Phantsi okugada", "engalindelekanga" kunye nabanye abonisa uvelwano ecacileyo abalinganiswa bakhe. A kumba modernity na umgaqo sisiqinisekiso kumsebenzi Repin kaThixo.

imifanekiso

Ngonyaka 90 th Repin wadalwa igalari ye eni. Uninzi lwabo eni zezazinzulu eziziingangamsha, ababhali, abaqambi kunye namagcisa. A uhlobo kungafezeki yaba umsebenzi "Intlanganiso neMisitho leBhunga State." Kulo zithako, igcisa yakwazi ukuba bazobe inani elikhulu kwabo langoku, uninzi lwazo inkcazelo engqondweni wanikwa.

Xa indawo yemizobo ngobude iikulya Repin iphumelele ikhono elikhulu. umfanekiso wakhe V. A. Serova, I. S. Ostrouhova, Eleonora Duse kunye nezinye ipatheni avelele ezintle. Ukomelela ngokubhala, ezamahala, ileta ngokubanzi kwenza ezi zifundo zezakhono ubutsolo Repin ngumzobi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Nkqu ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, ixesha ingqalelo zikarhulumente ezibalaseleyo, igcisa isebenziseka, yintoni ngokwenene iikulya Repin. Imizobo yakhe kugcwale ibonisa ixesha ezahlukeneyo yembali Russian, sandwiching a nobukhulu, amandla, iintlungu kunye ubuthathaka Russia.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Repin waphila intsimi Finnish kwi Kuokkala kwilifa, ebizwa kubo "kwemizi." Emva kokuba October Revolution, wala isimemo, kwenziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu igosa, babuyele kweli lizwe. Ukuze ukunikela Imizobo yakhe kwiimyuziyam, andilahlekwanga kwebala kunye nabahlobo bakho kunye nabalandeli I. Brodsky, K. Chukovsky, kodwa akakabuyi ekhaya.

Le artist waphila ubomi obude iziqhamo ebomini ngokwaneleyo, evula indlela wadala obukhulu ubulungisa nokulunga.