I-aotokos-iKesimesi yeeKrisimesi, isixeko saseVladimir. URector Hegumen Cyril

Xa, ngokuqala kwe-perestroika, iicawa kunye nemimandla yabantu bezakhiwo zeentlanga zaqala ukubuyela, ubunzima obunxulumene nokukhutshwa kwalabo bahlala apho ngexesha lobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle bamele banqotshwe. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakufuneka sinyamezele kunye nenkalipho. Yiyo le mpawu i-abbot ye-Volodymyr iKrisimesi yeendwendwe, u-Abbot Cyril, efunekayo, kuba kwakufuneka akwazi ukujongana nombutho we-KGB onamandla onke, owaye wahlala kwindawo yokuhlala iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa malunga nento yonke.

Umongameli oyintloko waseMandulo waseRussia

Omnye wabadala kulelo lizwe, uMama waseVladimir weNdwendwe yaseKrisimesi kaThixo, ngaphambi kokudalwa koBathathu Emnye-uSergius Lavra ngowe-1337, yayiyindawo eyintloko kwi-monastic kwiNorth-Eastern Russia. Kususela kwimimiselo yokuqala yayaziwa ukuba wasungulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 neye-13 ngeNkosana yaseVladimir, unyana weshumi ka-Yuri Dolgoruky, uVsevolod Yuryevich, owathola isiteketiso uBolshoy Gnezdo kubantwana abaninzi abakhuphayo (abantu aba-12).

Kucatshangelwa ukuba uMama weNdwendwe leKrisimesi e-Vladimir ubuyela umhla xa ilitye leKrisimesi labekwe kuyo. Esi siganeko senzeke, njengoko sibonakala kwincwadi yesandla yasendulo, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Laurentian Chronicle," ngoAgasti 1191, phambi koMkhulu uDuke ngokwakhe kunye nayo yonke indawo yakhe.

Uthando lukhulu

Xa i-monasteri yavela emva kwecawa, uVsevolod Yuryevich wamphatha ngokusemandleni onke, ebhala abazalwana ukuba babe nelifa elingunaphakade lemizana namaninzi amaninzi. Ukongezelela, isikhulu sinyamekela umbutho wobomi obungaphakathi bendwendwe. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwiintsuku zokuqala, i-monasteri yasungulwa kwindlu yeendwendwe - umyalelo apho kungekho mntu wabahlali ababenempahla yakhe, kwaye yonke impahla yayinelifa elihlangeneyo. Baye bahlanjululwa ngama- abbots e-monasteri iVladimir ubhishophu uSimon noMitrofan.

Emva kokufumana isiqalo esinokuqaqambileyo, kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo uMama weKrisimesi kaKhisimusi ukhula kwaye akhuthaze izikhundla zakhe zokomoya nezinto eziphathekayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba emva kokuba abantu baseTatar baxinzeleleke ukuba basebenzise i-dolophu baseRussia ukuba bathumele isebe labo kwiKiev eyonakaliswe kwidolophu yaseVladimir, bakhetha i-Monastery yaseNativity njengendawo yabo yokuhlala, eyayibeka isikhundla sekontrare. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha lokulawula kuka-Ivan the Terrible, i-monasteri yayithathwa njengowokuqala kwimeko.

Ukuhlasela kweKhan Batu

Nangona kunjalo, kwimbali yeendwendwe kwakukho namaphepha amabi, imemori egcwalisa intliziyo ngosizi. Ngo-1237 idolophu yaseVladimir yahlaselwa ngamadoda amaninzi kaKhan Baty. Emlilweni womlilo, iintempile ezininzi kunye nenqaba yafa. Abemi belo sixeko babulawa okanye bebiwe ebukhosini.

Awuyidlulanga icala kunye neNdlunkulu yeNdwendwe yeKrismesi. Ukusuka ezandleni zabafel 'ukholo, abaColmandrite Pakhomii kunye nabo bonke abazalwana ababemlawula ngaloo minyaka, bathatha ukholo. Izakhiwo ezininzi, ezakhiwe kwiminyaka, amaTatar aphangwa kwaye athengiswa emlilweni. Xa umsi womlilo waqhekeka, kwaye izidumbu zabanamonki kunye ne-abbot yazo zangcwatyelwa, kwakudingeka uqale kwakhona ilungiselelo lobomi bendalo.

I-Monastery - indawo yokungcwaba ka-Alexander Nevsky

Ngeli xesha elilandelayo, indawo yokungcwaba ka Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, owafa ngo-1263 e-Gorodets, apho ayeke khona, ebuya eHorde, waba ngumcimbi obalaseleyo. Umzimba wakhe wafakwa kwi-crypt, ehleliwe kwiCawa yeKrisimesi yeendwendwe. Siyabulela oku, emva kokudluliselwa kwe-Grand Duke esuka eVladimir ukuya eMoscow (1325), uMama weNkosana yaseKrisimesi kaThixo wayehlala ethola inkxaso evela kubalawuli baseRashiya ababefuna ukuyikhumbula inkokheli yabo edumile. Oku kwasebenza njengoncedo ekuphuhliseni phambili kunye nokuchuma.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kubabingeleli beendwendwe kwimicimbi yelizwe

Ubume bendwendwe bendwendwe benyuke ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ngo-1598, xa umbuzo wokukhetha ikosi entsha etroneni esikhundleni somntu oshonile uFyodor Ioannovich wagqiba isigqibo, i-hegumen Varlaam yabizwa eMoscow waza waba ngumnye wabasayineli we-charter eyavula indlela yokulawula uBoris Godunov.

I-abbot elandelayo yeendwendwe, i-archimandrite u-Isaya, nayo yangena emlandweni. Ngethuba lexesha leengxaki wayekwazi ukukhonza kunye no-False uDmitry I, waba ngo-1605 umvumo wakhe, kwaye uzuze ukuxabisa komntu wokuqala weRomanovs - Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, ebeka uphawu lwakhe phantsi kwencwadi yokuncoma. Xa, ngoJuni 1619, kwi-Assumption Cathedral yaseKremlin, umkhosi owawubanjelwe kwisihlalo sobukhosi seMetropolitan Filaret (iRomanov), uyise okhethwe iminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo, umbusi, ngoko u-Archimandrite u-Isaya wayephakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba.

Ukuhla kwemeko yeendwendwe

Ngenkulungwane ye-XVI, uMama weNdwendwe yaseKrisimesi kaMama waphoqeleka ukuba alahleke isikhundla sakhe phakathi kwezinye iindwendwe zaseRussia, awayezibamba kude kube ngoko. Ngomnyaka we-1561 umyalelo weTar Ivan oyikrakra waphuma ukuba ukususela ngoku ngokubanzi phakathi kwee-monasteri zaseRashiya kufuneka zibhekwe njengoThathu-Sergius Lavra. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Monastery yaseVladimir yaba yinqanaba elingaphansi kwaye lathabatha indawo yesibini.

Le meko yahlala kunye naye kwaze kwaba khona ukuvela eSt. Petersburg ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, owathi, ngokutsho komyalelo kaPetros I, wammisela kwindawo yesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwanika oonogxa ithuba lokuphinda asebenze kwenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zobuKristu - ukuthobeka.

Ngethuba lolawulo lukaMpress Elizaveta Petrovna, i-diocese yaseVladimir yenziwa, kwaye iNdlozi yaseMtanyeni yaba yintloko yentloko yakhe, iMetropolitan Platon. Njengendawo yokuhlala kwidolophu, kwaze kwaba ngo-1789, xa i-diocese yaseVladimir ne-Suzdal yasungulwa, kwaye zonke iinkosana ezalandela zabeka indawo yazo yokuhlala eSuzdal.

Ukulahlekelwa kwekiso lesikhumbuzo

Ngekhulu leminyaka elizayo, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-1869, i-monasteri yalahlekelwa enye yezinto ezikhangayo - icawa yakudala, eyakhiwe kwixesha lokuqala langaphambi kweMongol, iSonto Lokuzalwa. Inyaniso kukuba iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-monastery uAlexander II ibhekane neendwendwe zezindlu, kwaye zihlolisise ukuba ibandla lifuna ngokubuyiselwa.

Kuya kubonakala ngathi iinjongo ezilungileyo, kodwa zona, njengokuba uyazi, zihlanganiswe nendlela eya esihogweni. Ngenxa yoko, ibandla, eliye lazimela phambi kweTatar, libonakaliswa lingenamandla phambi kobudenge buntu. Kwakukho igosa elinyanisekileyo eliye layalela ukuba libhubhise, kuba lalibangele isikhalazo kumntu ophezulu, kwaye kwindawo ephumayo ukwakha entsha. Xa i-Tsar yafunda oku, akukho nto enokuyenza.

Apocalypse ye-XX leminyaka

Emva kokubhikishwa kuka-Oktobha, i-monasteri iminyaka emininzi yaba yindawo apho i-Cheka yayikuyo kuqala, kwaye yatshintshwa ngokutsha yi-OGPU, i-NKVD, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-KGB. Kwakukho nesakhiwo sendawo yokugcinwa kwecala ngaphambi kokuvalelwa kwecala. Ngethuba lokunciphisa iStalin, ukususela kuma-1920 ukuya kuma-1950, emva kweendonga eziqinileyo zamatye, ukubulawa kwamatye kunye nokungcwaba kwabangelwa yintlanzi. Iimbandezelo zokuhlasela kweBatu, ezathi zivakatye apha iminyaka engamakhulu asixhenxe edlulileyo, ziphaphale xa zithelekiswa neendlobongela zamanzi eziye zatshatyalaliswa zizwe.

Buyela kwisikwere esinye

Ngexesha leminyaka ye-perestroika, iindwendwe ze-Vladimir, njengezinye iindwendwe zaseRashiya, zaqala indlela eyinzima yokuzalwa kwakhona. Ngowe-1991, iicawa kunye nommandla weNgqobhoko kaMama weKrismesi babuyiselwa, beyishiya isebe leGGB elilapho. Ubuzalwana obusandul 'u-monastic, obakhokelwa nguHegumen Cyril (Surkov), wenza umsebenzi omkhulu kunye nobunzima bokubuyisela oko kwakunjalo kwiminyaka yolawulo lwamaqela obuthatyathelisiweyo okanye olwakhiwe kabusha ngendlela elahlekelwa yembonakalo yembali.

Kulo shishini olunzima, iimonki zancedwa yimibutho yoluntu yeso sixeko, kunye nabantu abalula, abaye baxhatshazwa ngenxa yeempahla ezihlambulukileyo. Inyaniso yokuba iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi iye yathweswa yimpumelelo kwaye ubomi bobukhosini buye buphinde bubuyiselwe, u-Hegumen Cyril - unyanisekileyo kunye nomcebisi ohlakaniphile ngokomoya.