BuBuddha. I-Bodhisattva yintoni?

NgesiBuddha, kukho into ekhangayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bodhisattva. Kukholelwa ukuba kunzima ukuba babe, kunokuba kunjalo, abaninzi banokwenza lo mzila bavame ukufezekisa imeko efunwayo. Kule nqaku, uya kufumana impendulo kumbuzo: Bodhisattva - ngubani lo? Kwakhona, unokufumanisa indlela elandela ngayo, kunye nemigaqo enamathela kuyo.

Ingcamango ye "bodhisattva"

I-Bodhisattva ngumntu (kwiplanethi yethu) oye wafumana ukukhanyiswa, kodwa ngokungafani noBuddha, akazange ashiye eli hlabathi, kodwa wahlala. Injongo yakhe ilula kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kunzima - ukunceda abantu ngendlela yabo yokuphelela ngokomoya. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba i-Bodhisattva ingabizwa ngokuba yindalo eyaziwa yi-bhumi yokuqala. Kuze kube njalo, igama elithi "jatisattva" lisetyenziswe.

I-Bodhisattvas ihlala ihlala uxolo phakathi kwabanye abantu, igcina izibhambathiso kwaye ingagqithisi indlela. Banobubele kunye novelwano nezinye izidalwa. Kwi "Sutra Vimalakirti" unokufumana ibali malunga neBodhisattva egulayo. Kodwa xa ebuzwa malunga nokuba uyagula, ngoko ke wabuya wamkela oku kulandelayo: isifo senzeke kuvelwano olukhulu kubantu abagulayo. Ngaloo ndlela, wayebonakala ejonge ukutshatyalaliswa kwawo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukholwa ukuba ukufika kwesi sidalwa emhlabeni kuyintsikelelo enkulu. Emva kwakho konke, i-bodhisattvas ihlala ibetha abantu abafuna ukuva ukuhlakanipha kubo. Abanye bafumana inkqubela efunekayo, evumela ukuba utshintsho olukhulu luphile ebomini babo.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo zobuBuddha le ngcamango ihlukile, njengendlela yokuzijonga yona. Iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nale nto ziya kubhalwa ngezantsi.

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwe-bodhisattva

Ngexesha lokuqala, i-bodhisattva eBuddhism ibhekiswe kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa kwalo mkhwa wenkolo. Inokufumaneka kwi-sutras yokuqala, umzekelo iSaddharmapundarika sutra (iqulethe izidalwa ezingamashumi amabini anantathu), iVimalakirti nirdesh sutra (iboniswe ngaphezu kwamahlanu).

Injongo yeBodhisattvas

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, i-Bodhisattva ngumnye oye wafumana ukukhanya. Isiphelo sakhe kweli hlabathi kukuvumela ukunyamezela ngovuyo, bobabini kunye nabanye. Kukholelwa ukuba le yiseko yesenzo saloo nto.

Ngokweminye imithombo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-bodhisattvas. Abanye benza okulungileyo, izenzo zabo azikwazi ukuzilimaza ngokwabo okanye nakubani na umntu. Ngaloo ndlela, abaqokeleli karma embi ngaphambili, behlala bekwenza okulungileyo.

Uhlobo lwesibini lwe-bodhisattvas lubandakanya ukuqokelela i-karma embi, ukwenza izinto ezimbi ukuze kuzuze abanye. Yaye uyazi kakuhle izenzo zakhe, kunye nokujeziswa kwabo (ukungena kwihlabathi eliphantsi emva kokufa). Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba yindlela yesibini efuna amandla amakhulu engqondo.

Izibophelelo

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekeni kwinqanaba le-bodhisattva yizibhambathiso azinikelayo ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukunyuka kwezitepsi phezulu. Bakubeka phambili ukunyamekelwa kwezinye izidalwa, ukupheliswa kwezinto ezimbi ezikuzo, ukugcinwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njl. Ukungena kulo mzila kunika izifungo kunye nezibhambathiso ezine ezibalulekileyo.

Iimpawu (imimiselo) ye-bodhisattva

I-Bodhisattvas inezimpawu ezithile, ukunamathela kulowo ongenakukwazi ukuphuma kwindlela ekhethiweyo yokuzuza kubo bonke abantu. Kwii-sutras ezahlukeneyo zichazwe kwiimali ezahlukileyo, kodwa siya kuhlukanisa ezilishumi ezibalulekileyo:

• Dana-paramita. Ububele, obubonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo, zombini kunye nezinto zokomoya, kunye neminikelo.
• Shila-paramita. Ukuqwalaselwa kwezibhambathiso, oko kukuthi, ukunyanzelisa imigaqo kunye nezibhambathiso ezikunceda ukufezekisa ukukhanya.
• I-parameter yeKsanti. Ukunyamezela okukuvumela ukuba ungabi nentiyo kunye nokubamba. Sekunjalo le mgangatho ingabizwa ngokuba yi-equanimity - kuya kulukhuni ukukhupha.
• Virya Paramita. Ukuzikhandla (ukunyamekela) - kukho ingcamango eyodwa kuphela, isenzo esisodwa kunye nesikhokelo.
• IDhyana-paramita. Ukuxubusha - kukho i-concentration, samadhi.
• Prajna-parmita. Impumelelo kunye nolwazi lobulumko obuphezulu, umnqweno walo.
• I-Upaya-parameter. Amaqhinga anokunceda i-bodhisattvas iyalondoloza abo bayayidinga. Okukhethekileyo kukuba wonke umntu unendlela efanelekileyo, evumela ukuba aqondise umntu ogulayo ukuba aphume kwindlela yokuphuma kwevili le-samsara.
• Pranidhana-parameter. Izifungo ezifunekayo ukugcina i-bodhisattva.
• Bala-paramitita. Amandla angaphakathi akhanyisa yonke into kwaye anceda abo bajikeleze ukuba baphathe umendo wobubele.
• Jnana-paramita. Ulwazi, olubonisa ukuba ubukho obuzimeleyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Amanyathelo okuphuhlisa i-bodhisattvas

Kukho izigaba ezilishumi zokuphuhlisa i-bodhisattvas. Isinyathelo ngasinye sithatha ezininzi zokuzalwa kwakhona, kwaye kuthatha iminyaka embalwa yezigidi. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi zinto zizigweba ngokuzithandela kwisondo le-samsara ukuze zibancede zibaleke kuzo zize zize kwezinye iilwanyana. Cinga ngamanqanaba (bhumi) e-bodhisattvas (athathwe kwimithombo emibini - "Madhyamikavatara" kunye "ne-Sacred sutra yombala wegolide"):

• Lowo unolonwabo olukhulu;
• Ukungcolileyo;
• Kukhanya;
• Ukuvutha;
• Ukufikelela nzima;
• Zi boniswe;
• Ukufikelela kude;
• Impahla;
• Zilumko;
• Ifu le dharma.

Bodhisattva e Hinayana

Sifanele siqwalasele oko iBodhisattva ithetha ngayo eBuddhism yezithethe ezahlukeneyo. Ngethuba ixesha le nkonzo yabonakala ngayo, abanye baqala ukuqonda indlela yokukhanyiselwa okungafaniyo, kunye neengcinga ngezinye izidalwa.

Ngoko, kwi-Hinayana, i-Bodhisattva yinto (umzimba wakhe unokungafani ngokupheleleyo, umzekelo, isilwanyana, umntu okanye ummeli weeplanethi ze-hellish), othe wanquma ukuya kwindlela yokuba nguBuddha. Isigqibo esinjalo sifanele siphumelele ngesiseko somnqweno omkhulu wokushiya isondo samsara.

Kwinqanaba likaHinayana, izidalwa ezinjalo zinokuba yiBuddha zangaphambili (ezingekho ezingamashumi amabini anesine), kwaye zide ziba. I-Bodhisattvas kufuneka idibane nakwezinye zokuzalwa kunye noBuddha obenza isiprofeto, ukuqikelela ukukhanya kwangomso.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwisiko le-Hinayana, i-bodhisattva ayiyona into efanelekileyo yokufundisa. Ininzi kubo bonke abalandeli bazama ukufumana isikhundla se-angelosi enkulu esithathwa njengongcwele oye waya e-nirvana yodwa, elandela imiyalelo yeBuddha kuphela. Akukho namnye onokumnceda apha. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba le mfundiso ayinakwenzeka ukuba ikholwa elilula lifike kumgangatho weBuddha.

Bodhisattva e Mahayana

I-Bodhisattva e-Mahayana UbuBuddhism inesimo esahlukileyo, kodwa ukugeleza okwakhiwa kakhulu emva kwexesha elidlulileyo lihlukile. Into ebalulekileyo yeMahayana yintsikelelo yokuba nabani na okholwayo kunye nokugcina izibhambathiso angagcinwa. Yingakho intshukumo ifumene igama elinjalo, elisaqhubeka lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inqwelo enkulu".

E-Mahayana Buddhism, i-bodhisattva yinto enokwenkolo, apho bonke abaphumelelayo beli xesha bafanele balwele. Ama-Arhants, aphethwe yi-Hinayana, aphendulwa ngenxa yokuba afuna ukukhanyiselwa, angakhathaleli konke ngokubandezeleka kwabanye abantu. Ngaloo ndlela, uhlala ngaphakathi kwemida "yakhe".

Kulo lonke, e-Mahayana, umendo wendlela yokuqhawula iminyango yindlela emncinci kunye nezobugovu. I-Mahayana ilungelelanisa le ngongoma yezi ndlela zintathu: ukufikelela kwi-arkhan, ngoko kukhanyisa i-pratyek-buddha kunye nendlela ye-bodhisattva.

Bodhisattva eVajrayana

E-Vajrayana, i-bodhisattva ngumxube wolungeleko lo mfanekiso kunye ne-Yogi, ophethe zonke izidanga. Oku, ngokusemgangathweni, kuyimvelo, ekubeni ukugeleza ngokwayo kwavela emva kwexesha ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Enye into yokuba ezinye zeBodhisattvas zivela kwiBuddha ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, loo mgaqo wendlela yokufezekisa ilahlekile.

Ezinye zeBodhisattvas ezazihlala kwihlabathi lethu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuyo yonke ikhoyo yangoku yeBuddhism kukho i-pantheon ye-bodhisattvas, uluhlu lwayo luyahlukahluka. Ngokomzekelo, e-Mahayana unokufumana i-bodhisattvas yangempela ehlala kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwabo. Le yiAryaasanga (inqanaba lesithathu), iNjjjuna (inqanaba lesithoba), njl. Kubaluleke kakhulu yiAvalokitshvara, Kshitigarbha, Manjushri, nabanye.

UMaitreya ngu-bodhisattva omele afike emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza. Ngoku uhamba ngongongqo olukhulu kwizulu kwimihlaba yezifiso zikaTushita. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlonishwa njengeBodhisattva kuzo zonke iintlobo zobuBuddha.

Isiphelo

Ngoku uyazi impendulo yombuzo othi: Bodhisattva eBuddhism - yintoni na? Nangona ukuba isimo sengqondo kulezi ziko kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuBuddha ziyahluke, ukungafani kwazo kunye nezidingo kunzima ukulucelomngeni, kuba ukubunjwa kwalomendo kufuneka kube neyokuthanda kunye nomoya onamandla.