Izifo ezisulelayo: uluhlu lwe impawu, unyango, uthintelo

Phakathi kwinkulungwane lokugqibela, uluntu eye waphumelela abanye ekulweni izifo ezithile. Kodwa ke, njengoko kwaba, kusasa ukubhiyozela uloyiso lokugqibela phezu isibetho kwezifo ezosulelayo. Uluhlu lwezihloko phezu 1,200, kwaye isoloko ihlaziywa nesi sifo 'Ncwadi.

Indlela ukufunda izifo ezosulelayo

nesifo Mass ezaziwayo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kukho ubungqina nkqu BC ngenkulungwane 5 iingcali zefilosofi kunye noogqirha kurhanelwa ubukho ezithile ezincinane, ayibonakali iliso izinto eziphilayo inokubangela izifo luphawulwa ukwanda okukhawulezayo kunye yokufa. KumaXesha Aphakathi, Noko ke, iimbono izinto bayalityalwa, kwaye kwaqhambuka izifo ngobuninzi ngenxa kuphela isohlwayo kaThixo. Kodwa ukuba izigulane kufuneka kwanti, aqwenge izinto ezinesifo, izakhiwo kunye nezidumbu, besazi kakade.

Ulwazi waqokelela ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela ukuzalwa nenzululwazi eziphilayo. Kwaza agents open kwezifo ezininzi: anthrax, kholera, isibetho, isifo sephepha kunye nabanye. Izifo ezosulelayo ukususela ngo iqela eyahlukileyo.

lwesigama

Igama elithi "sifo" in Latin lithetha "ungcoliseko", "usulelo." Njengengqiqo zebhayoloji, eli gama libhekisela kwii-lwegciwane lesifo obungabonakaliyo eziphilayo eziphezulu. Oku kunokuba umntu okanye isilwanyana, okanye isityalo. Okulandelayo iqala intsebenziswano phakathi silwanyana kunye neenkqubo micro elibaleka, Kakade ke, kungekhona lodwa kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu eziphilayo, walibiza esosulelayo. Ngenxa yale macroorganism intsebenziswano okanye ukukhululwa ngokupheleleyo ukusuka pathogen, okanye afe. Le fom, esizibonakalisa inkqubo ezasulelayo - oku sisifo esithile esosulelayo.

Common izifo ezosulelayo iimpawu

Malunga ekuqaleni sisifo esosulelayo na ongathi, ukuba emva intlanganiso pathogen kunye silwanyana, ingakumbi umntu, kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho le yokugqibela imisebenzi yobomi, kuvela iimpawu kunye nokwanda lomzimba titer kwenzeka egazini. Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo iinkqubo ezasulelayo: yenethiwekhi esempilweni zentsholongwane phambi sifo okanye okukwazi zendalo sifo, zizifo ezingapheliyo, usuleleko kade.

Ngaphandle yokuba bonke iqala kunye kwamagciwane izifo ezosulelayo, magciwane, zikho nezinye iimpawu ezifana kubo. kwezifo ezifana abanaso, onako nokunikezelwa kumntu osulelekileyo okanye isilwanyana kwezempilo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inokubangela izifo pandemics, okt ubunzima ukunwenwa kwesi sifo, kwaye oku kuyingozi enkulu kakhulu eluntwini.

Ukongeza, izifo ezosulelayo, uluhlu leyo inokufunyanwa nayiphi handbook zonyango, soloko kwenzeka kwimijikelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezilandelelanayo kumathuba xesha kuchaziwe kwinkqubo sifo ngexesha: i okuthatha, iqonga le ukukhula kwala maqalela esi sifo, ngexesha ukuphakama esi sifo, ixesha yokudodobala kwaye, ekugqibeleni, sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe nalo.

Ithuba elisuke akukho mpawu onyango nangoku ayinayo. Nguye elifutshane Iintsholongwane ngasentla kunye nedosi ngakumbi wayo, kwaye ukuqalela kwezithatha iiyure ezimbalwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa okanye iminyaka. Harbingers of the disease - oku iimpawu eziqheleke kakhulu kunokuba ezingacacanga apho ukuba ukrokrela nzima isifo ethile esosulelayo. Gumbini ngokuba ibonwa zonyango ezinintsi ukuphakama inyathelo kwesi sifo. Ngaphezu koko, esi sifo uqalisa ukuba unciphe, kodwa ngenxa yesifo esosulelayo luphawulwa likakade.

Olunye uphawu oluthile kwezifo ezosulelayo Ukwakheka ngexesha isifo omzimba.

arhente ezisulelayo

arhente ezisulelayo na iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto. Intshayelelo elidlulileyo le pathogen ngempumelelo, enye intlanganiso olukhulu kunye micro-ephilayo akwanelanga. Eziyimfuneko ekuphunyezweni iimeko ezithile. Okubaluleke kakhulu imeko uhambe ngayo umsebenzi kwesi silwanyana kunye neenkqubo zayo zokhuseleko.

A lot kuxhomekeke phathogenicity lwe gciwane. Ixhomekeka iqondo virulence (virulence) of a silwanyana, toxigenic layo (aka - ukukwazi ukuba abulale) kunye ubuvila. iimeko zokusingqongileyo nabo badlala indima enkulu.

Ucalulo kwezifo ezosulelayo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, izifo ezosulelayo uyondelelanise ngokuxhomekeke gciwane. Ngokubanzi, nezifo wentsholongwane egazini, bacteria fungal ekwanti. Ngokwahlukeneyo zodwa lwechlamydial, mycoplasmal, usulelo rickettsial, spirochetal, nangona chlamydia kunye mycoplasma kunye rickettsia, kunye spirochetes kuba kummandla iintsholongwane. Virus - mhlawumbi lo kwamagciwane ixhaphakileyo. Noko ke, iintsholongwane kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo izifo. Phakathi edume - ezifana tonsils, meningitis, kholera, isibetho, inyumoniya ziibhakteriya, isifo sephepha, ngqi. Izifo fungal ezosulelayo, okanye izifo ezinzwaneni ziquka candidiasis, ulwazi olusisikhokelo, onychomycosis, enesitshanguba.

Ezi zifo zixhaphakileyo ezosulelayo zihlelwe ngokungqinelana indawo zalapha iintsholongwane ngokusekelwe indlela yabo transmission, kodwa kumayelana ezo zifo zisasazwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngako oko, le wachacha izifo wamathumbu esosulelayo ezosulela yi indlela ilindle-yomlomo (usulelo astroviral, ipoliyo, kholera, yicesina). Kukho izifo ezosulelayo eliphezulu zemiphunga phecana. Inkqubo losulelo kuthiwa kwamathana (SARS, isifo somqala omhlophe, ifiva nebomvu, umkhuhlane). Izifo ezosulelayo bakulungele ukunika igazi kunye sisasazwa impovane, kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Sithetha iinaliti kunye ukutofelwa igazi. Ezi ziquka hepatitis B, isibetho, yesifo. Kukho Kwakhona kukho izifo yangaphandle ezichaphazela ulusu kunye isifo kwaye wadluliselwa ngokudibana.

Inxaxheba ekudalweni nasekusungulweni uhlobo ngalunye arhente ezosulelayo ukubethelela intendelezo yayo. Ngenxa yoko, inani ezincinane wangena ngokusebenzisa kwiinwebu iphecana yokuphefumla, ezinye - ngokusebenzisa wokugaya, iphecana zangasese. Noko ke, maxa, ukuba pathogen efanayo unako ukungena emzimbeni womntu ngexesha elifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, hepatitis B usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi, ukusuka kumama isiya umntwana ngokudibana.

Njengoko kuba imithombo zosulelo, le anthroponoses ukwahlula ukuba isifo livela emntwini, kunye ezinokusulela abantu, xa izilwanyana abathwali usulelo. Ndimele nditsho ukuthi arhente zoonotic wadibana khona umzimba womntu kwixesha elizayo-bume akayi kuma, ngoko ubunzulu ukusasazeka kwezifo zoonotic angaphantsi kakhulu anthroponoses. Ezinokusulela abantu ziquka iBrucellosis izifo, yesi sifo, isibetho, tularemia, umgada, anthrax, unyawo nezifo umlomo, ngqi. Kuba ezinokusulela uphawu, njengoko umthetho, eziliqela iindlela zothumelo.

Kukho iindawo zokuhlala ezintathu eziphambili kwezifo ezosulelayo. Kuyinto umzimba womntu, izilwanyana kunye nokusingqongileyo engaphiliyo - umhlaba namanzi.

Iimpawu kwezifo ezosulelayo

iimpawu Common kwezifo ezosulelayo ziquka oluthile, intloko ebuhlungu, pallor, kuthibaza, izihlunu ezibuhlungu, ifiva, ngamanye amaxesha - isicaphucaphu nokugabha, kunye norhudo. Ukongeza Ngokubanzi, kukho iimpawu ukuba ethile isifo omnye. Ngokomzekelo, xa ngezigigaba isifo meningococcal yinto ethile kakhulu.

ekuxilongweni

Ke ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo, kufuneka isekelwe isifundo olunzulu kunye olunzulu malunga nesigulane eso. Uphononongo iquka uphando eneenkcukacha olubanzi amalungu kunye neenkqubo zohlolo kunye nocazululo lweziphumo eziyimfuneko kwilebhu. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kwezifo ezosulelayo na iingxaki ezithile, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unyango ngexesha elaneleyo isigulane ngokunjalo kumbutho izinyathelo.

unyango

Xa unyango lwezifo ezifana izifo ezosulelayo, apho uluhlu njalo awesomely ebanzi, ichonge iindawo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, amanyathelo ajolise ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-pathogen kunye neutralization ityhefu yayo. Kuba le mithi njongo, bacteriophages, interferons kunye nezinye iindlela.

Okwesibini, kubalulekile ukuba siqinise ukhuseleko lomzimba, esebenzisa iziyobisi immunomodulatory kunye neevithamini. Unyango kufuneka nakanjani babe ezintsonkothileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukubuyisela umsebenzi kakuhle amalungu kunye neenkqubo sifo. Xa kunjalo, indlela unyango kufuneka athathe ingqalelo zonke iimpawu ngamnye yomguli kunye ikhosi yokugula kwakhe.

ukuvimbela

Ukuze uzikhusele wena kunye nosapho lwakho nezoyikiso nezifo ezosulelayo, nto leyo ibandakanya uluhlu lwe izifo imvelaphi wentsholongwane egazini, bacteria fungal, kufuneka ulumkele amanyathelo yesifo, ugonyo, ukuqinisa amajoni omzimba. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze abasindise ukususela ekusulelekeni, ukugcinwa ngokwaneleyo imithetho eziziziqalelo ucoceko buqu.