Umthombo losulelo: inkcazelo, iintlobo, ukuchongwa

ulwimi yethu rhoqo akanakuhlala iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 ezincinane ezaziwayo, kodwa kufuneka asele pick up ukungenwa amagciwane izithuthi zikawonke. Yintoni na umthombo sisifo esosulelayo? njani indlela wosuleleko?

lwegciwane

Bathelela amagciwane kuthiwa usulelo. Igama elithi wabonakala 1546 enkosi Girolamo Fracastoro. Xa inzululwazi langoku uyazi malunga 1400 micro-eziphilayo, ke ngeenxa zonke kuthi, kodwa musa nesakhe mzuzu zonke usulelo.

Kutheni? Into yokuba zonke izinto eziphilayo bohlulwa babe yayintsholongwane eyosulela, olungenelelayo kunye non-izifo. Eyokuqala badla izinambuzane, kwaye ifuna 'umkhosi "kuphuhliso yayo. lude ibetheke umzimba usempilweni kwaye ukumelana.

Iintsholongwane zifo (Escherichia coli, Candida ngundo) obangela umntu okunempilo naziphi ngayo. Abanako ukuhlala kokusingqongileyo, ibe yinxalenye microflora lomzimba. Kodwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezifana nenkqubo buthathaka omzimba, zibe ebangela isifo, oko kuyingozi.

Igama elithi "non-yayintsholongwane eyosulela" akubandakanyi umngcipheko yokuxhulumana kunye ezi zinto ziphilayo, nangona kusichukumisa emzimbeni kunye amagciwane yabantu. Imida phakathi microflora ebangela isifo kwaye nonpathogenic kwi eziphilayo ezichongiweyo kufiphale kancinane kakhulu.

Umthombo losulelo

Sisifo esosulelayo ezinokubangelwa sokungena kwi umzimba ka yayintsholongwane eyosulela nomngundo, iintsholongwane, lenyama, iintsholongwane, prions. Umthombo kwamagciwane okusingqongileyo, nto leyo inegalelo kuphuhliso lwabo. Le medium rhoqo uba umntu okanye isilwanyana.

Ukufumana e iimeko zivuma, iintsholongwane ngenkuthalo zixhaphakile, uze ushiye umthombo, bazifumane kwindawo lwangaphandle. Kukho amagciwane idla musa zizale. ngcembe inani labo kunciphisa de yokuduka epheleleyo, kwaye zininzi izinto ezingalunganga kukhawuleziswe kuphela le nkqubo.

Uyisebenzise umsebenzi obalulekileyo ezincinane ifunyenwe xa bafumane "inkosi" omtsha - umntu abuthathaka okanye isilwanyana hlelo omzimba buthathaka. Umjikelo kungaba waphinda rhoqo de loo maphalo abosulelwe iya kusasazeka ukuya eziphilayo esempilweni.

Okusingqongileyo njengoko samaza

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba okusingqongileyo - akukho umthombo usulelo. Usoloko wenza i umlamleli ukuba ukudluliselwa micro-eziphilayo. ukufuma olunganelanga, ukunqongophala izondlo kunye neemeko ezingafanelekanga lobushushu okukufutshane zizinto ezimbi kuphuhliso lwabo.

Air, impahla yendlu, amanzi, umhlaba ngokwawo kuqala bayosuleleka, yaye kuphela emva koko ukuya sisidleleli emzimbeni host. Ukuba bacterium zifumaneka kwezi bume elide kakhulu, bangafi. Nangona abanye babe ukumelana ekhethekileyo yaye kulondolozwa naxa iimeko ezibi iminyaka emininzi.

ukumelana esinamandla anthrax. Emhlabeni, ukuba igcinwe amashumi eminyaka, kodwa kamva nje kweyure abulawe abilayo. Kwakhona xa ebona ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane arhente. Iarhente causative zesifo sotyatyazo, El Tor nako ukusinda emhlabeni, isanti, iimveliso kunye ngendle, kunye novimba ubushushu 17 degrees ukuvumela izinti ukuba phinda.

Imithombo zosulelo: Iindidi

Usulelo zahlulwe iintlobo eziliqela, ngokwesiko apho phinda kwaye izinto ngubani na ukudluliselwa. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data, ukubeka anthroponoses, zooantroponozy kunye ezinokusulela abantu.

Zooantronozy anthropozoonosis okanye ezidala izifo apho umthombo usulelo ngumntu okanye isilwanyana. Xa abantu, usulelo amaninzi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izilwanyana, ingakumbi nezikrekrethi nge. Ngu izifo zoonotic ubalisa umgada, glanders, isifo sephepha, Leptospirosis, anthrax, iBrucellosis, trypanosomiasis.

isifo Anthroponotic na kwimeko apho umthombo usulelo - zabantu, kwaye kutshintshelwa kuphela kwabanye. Oku kuquka imbuyekezo, yesifo kunye yicesina, irhashalala, i-gonorrhoea, umkhuhlane, negcushuwa, unkonkonko, kholera, imasisi nepoliyo.

Ezinokusulela ngokuba sisifo esosulelayo apho indawo evumayo liqumrhu isilwanyana. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, esi sifo zidlulele kubantu, kodwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye - akukho. Le Okungumahluko isibetho, yellow fever, bayakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwabantu.

Efumanise usulelo

Umntu onesifo okanye isilwanyana kunokubangela ukusasazeka ngokubanzi sifo kwisithuba omnye zokuhlala ezininzi, yaye maxa wambi amazwe amaninzi. izifo eziyingozi epidemiologists usasazo lezifundo zabo.

Xa efumanise nkqu ityala olunye usuleleko, oogqirha ufumanise zonke iinkcukacha zokosuleleka. Chonga umthombo yosulelo kwenzeka, inkcazelo uhlobo nokwabiwa yayo iindlela. Ukwenza le imbali indyikitya yesifo esisulelayo ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo, eliza niziguye iintloko isigulana malunga nemisebenzi yakutshanje, abafowunelwa kunye nabantu kunye nezilwanyana, umhla ekuqaleni iimpawu.

Gqibezela ulwazi malunga nesifo iluncedo kakhulu. Kunye kunokwenzeka ukufumana phandle indlela yokosulela, umthombo kunokwenzeka, kwakunye isikali ezinokubakho (nokuba kukho isiganeko esinye okanye mass).

Lo mthombo yokuqala usulelo akusoloko kulula ukubona, kusenokubakho ezininzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza kunye zizifo zezilwanyana. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi ophambili lwezifo kukuchonga yonke imithombo ezinokwenzeka kunye neendlela zokuhambisa.

Modes okudluliselwa

Kukho ezininzi iindlela zothumelo. Uphawu ilindle-ngomlomo zonke izifo emathunjini. iintsholongwane ezinobungozi Luninzi kwi isitulo okanye ngokulenza kwi baya kuwa ngamanzi okanye indlela qhagamshelana-indlu umzimba usempilweni. Oku kwenzeka xa lo mthombo yosulelo (umntu ogulayo) amahlwempu ahlambe izandla zabo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Zemiphunga okanye indize isebenza amagciwane ezosulela iphecana sokuphefumla. Ukutshintshelwa ezincinane kwenzeka xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela izinto kufutshane uninfected.

Ukubasulela ibandakanya ukudluliselwa kusulelo ngegazi. Oku kwenzeka xa umdlali ophethe niyagrenyana, umz iintakumba, amakhalane, imalariya iingcongconi, iintwala. Idluliselwe yi ngamagciwane zoqhagamshelwano ukuba ibekwe kwi esikhumbeni okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Bangena emzimbeni manxeba emzimbeni okanye adibane kumguli.

ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini neegcushuwa ikakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo ngqo ngexesha ngesondo. indlela nkqo ukudluliselwa na usulelo Umbungu ngomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Okukodwa yokosulela

Kuba uhlobo ngalunye ezincinane ephawuleka indlela apho iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane ukungena host eziphilayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindlela eziliqela ezinjalo, yaye izinto ezithile zokusingqongileyo negalelo ukosuleleka maxa wambi izinambuzane.

Ngelo xesha linye ngendlela elungele kwamagciwane mnye, loo nto yenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ukutshintshwa kwabanye. Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezininzi izifo zemiphunga akanamandla ngokupheleleyo kwincindi esiswini. Xa kwisiqwenga zesisu, zife, ungabi sisizekabani izifo.

Ezinye ezisebenza iintsholongwane eziyingozi abangena umzimba unakho, ngokuchasene noko, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso sifo. Ngenxa yoko, i-arhente lingenwe causative of negcushuwa kwi egazini esebenzisa neenaliti zonyango zingcoliswe kubangela iingxaki. Isifo lwenzeka okukhulu.

isiphelo

Usulelo ludibaniso iinkqubo ezibubhayoloji ibakho emzimbeni kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuqaliswa kuyo izinto eziphilayo izifo. Isigulo zingachaphazela zombini abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Eyona ndlela iphambili ukudluliswa a isikhonkwane, isini, emoyeni, kufuneka ubumdaka bulahlwe-orali, indlela nkqo.

Umthombo losulelo - i indawo evumayo kufuywe ukusasazeka zeentsholongwane. iimeko Ifanele badla ilifa abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Okusingqongileyo, njengoko umthetho, lisebenza nomlomo.

Lidla angenayo iimeko ubomi ezincinane ebangela isifo kwaye ngoku izifo. Lihleli kwi imeko elungele impilo yabo. Kwezinye iimeko, magciwane nga ukuqhubeka umhlaba, amanzi, isanti ukusuka ezantsi ukuya kumashumi eminyaka.