Izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane. Iindidi iintsholongwane

Izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane, okwangoku ingqalelo yeyona ixhaphakileyo zonke enokuthi yenzeke ebantwini. Namhlanje kukho ezimbi emininzi microorganisms ziwavusele. Okulandelayo, jonga eneenkcukacha kwi izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane. Table, nto leyo eya kunikelwa kokugqitywa nqaku liza siqulathe ulwazi olusisiseko malunga ezimbi kunye kwamagciwane.

Overview

Izifo (ezibangela izifo) Cya ilifa iseli eludongeni, kunye neseti zokhuselo ndlongo factor. izifo ezininzi eyaziwa ezifana fever nebomvu, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, pyelonephritis, isibetho, salmonella, negcushuwa, ukuvuza ngaphantsi, uminxano, kunye nesifo sephepha. Isizathu zophuhliso yabo iintsholongwane. Izifo ungaqhubeka eyahlukileyo, kufuneka zigaba eziliqela sandla. Unyango yesifo ethile ngokusekelwe iziphumo zovavanyo.

Iimpawu bacterium

Yintoni lwegciwane? Le ephilayo kakhulu leyo, ngokungafaniyo prions kunye iintsholongwane na udonga cell. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo iintsholongwane:

• Nonpathogenic.
• Olungenelelayo.
• Izifo.

Cinga iintsholongwane ezithile ukunisa ngezifo. nemiphumela emibi ngenxa yobukho ezincinane kwezi zixhobo ezizodwa orientation ndlongondlongo. Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka yabelwe phakathi kwabo:

• Adhesion. Ngayo, esi silwanyana uyakwazi ukuba babambelele izicwili ezahlukeneyo zabantu.
• Exotoxin. Lo mba lubanesiphumo ethile, ebangela uphawu ethile. Umzekelo, umonakalo luvo kudale butulotoksin, inkqubo zesisu - enterotoxin, njalo-njalo.
• Endotoxin. Oku Uxhokonxwa yicesina Lipopolysaccharide ukunxila syndrome.

Ezi "amacebo" kunikwa ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane izifo. Imizekelo eziphilayo ezinjalo: Salmonella, pallidum lipholi, gonococcus, eletha Lyuffnera. iintsholongwane zifo inokuba umntu ngaphandle ezimbi ingqondo yesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ke similise iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Imizekelo ezincinane ezinjalo: Staphylococcus, iStreptococcus, Proteus kunye nabanye. izinto ezingenelelayo ezifunwa ngumzimba. imali igcinwa ngenxa phambi kwayo. Ezinye iintsholongwane isisu zithathwa ezingenelelayo. Udidi lokugqibela ezincinane kubangela akukho iimeko ezimbi phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Elokuqukumbela, eli nqaku liqulathe itafile "izifo Human ezibangelwa iintsholongwane." Ibonisa amagciwane eshukumisa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo esosulelayo.

Kwezinye iimeko kukho zokugula?

Ukuze iintsholongwane izifo eye yabangela zokugula kwabantu, kuyimfuneko ukuba inani iimeko zifezekisiwe. Ubukhulu becala isixa ezincinane kufuneka zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo. 1-2 iintsholongwane uyakhona kakhulu ukosulela abantu njengoko inkqubo ethile kunye non-ngqo yokhuselo ukumelana kakuhle izisongelo ezincinane ezinjalo. Micro-eziphilayo kufuneka kwakhona luzaliseke. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ube zonke iipropati eziyimfuneko izifo. Ngeentlobo uphelile musa ukuma ku abantu engozini ethile. Bayakwazi adlulisele kuphela omzimba kwiipropati zabo, inkqubo zokuzikhusela koko uphendule ngokwaneleyo yotshaba. Kungenxa kule mgaqo, ifuthe zokugonya ezahlukeneyo. Ingangena ukungcola bacteria nayo isiza umzimba apho zingenako ukuba iqhotyoshelwe ngokukhawuleza ukholosile lokwanda, yokuvelisa kwakhona kunye nozalisekiso. Umzekelo, ukuba Salmonella ayikho iphecana GI kwaye kakhulu eluswini, emva koko umntu akayi ukuphuhlisa salmonellosis. Ngoko ke, ngokuba nokuthintela izandla kufuneka ahlambe phambi kokuba atye. Okukwazi umntu kufuneka ilungiswe ukubuyiselana nokuhlaselwa. Ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela ukumiliselwa ngokuzenzela okanye ngokwendalo, ukuba phantse zonke iimeko, amakhalane iintsholongwane awukwazi ukungena lo mqobo. Ukuba amajoni omzimba zange wadibana Cya okanye buthathaka (umzekelo AIDS), i-pathogen akukho nje kunzima ukuba ahlasele umzimba nande khona. Xa iimeko ezilandelayo sisifo esosulelayo. izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ayithethi ngoko nangoko baqale sikhatshwe iimpawu ezithile.

okuthatha

Ikhona usulelo zonke. Ngexesha iintsholongwane zakhe siqhelane kwindawo entsha, nande, azivelele. Ithuba elisuke unokuthatha ngokwexesha kwiiyure ezimbalwa (umz, ityhefu ukutya) ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi (Lyme borreliosis, iqhenqa). Ukususela mzuzu iimpawu yokuqala ukuvela, singatsho ukuba ngezifo kuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo. Ithuba elisuke igqityiwe, iqela iintsholongwane bahlala kwi emzimbeni. Ezinye ezimbi kwamajoni omzimba akwazi ukumelana ngokwabo. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, uncedo evela ngaphandle.

Njengokuba isifo izifo ezibangelwa ntsholongwane?

Ukuchonga ezimbi kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Esebenzisa ngemicroscope (ebibanjwe microscopy bala).
• Ukuzimisela antigen kunye antibodies. Olu didi iquka uphando zePCR zelebhu ELISA, PCR, Ifa kunye nezinye.
• Nge imboni. iintsholongwane Amanqaku yingozi ibekwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo eliphakathi kwaye kulo kangangeveki. Emva kweli xesha khangela esenzelwa, ntwanano lowuntshwa.
• izilwanyana ezigulayo. Le ndlela iquka ukuqaliswa izinto eziphilayo e iimpuku, iimpuku nezinye zovavanyo. Emva kokuba kwesidumbu lwenziwa kunye nofundo lokuba nezibilini isilwanyana phantsi ngemicroscope.

amanyathelo zonyango

Izifo ezibangelwa iintsholongwane babacukucezela antibiotics ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi yeyona indlela enyangayo enkulu ezimbi esosulelayo. Namhlanje sakhulula oluninzi arhente isibulala-zintsholongwane. Action kuphela ingabhekiswa nxamnye iqela elithile iintsholongwane. Amanye amachiza kufuneka spectrum ezibanzi umsebenzi. Ngu nokusebenzisa imithi kufuneka aphathwe ngokuqaphela okukhulu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba unyango abangafundanga (ngokuqhelekileyo olwabo, ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha) kunokukhokelela kwintlekele.

amelana nemithi

Senzeka eziphilayo ngenxa nobuchule babo lokuziguqula. Maxa wambi, yibhaktheriya ukuba akwazi ukumelana iyeza elithile. Amayeza isicelo akukho kuphinda - Nokwethisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iingcali amisele iziyobisi eyomeleleyo - elandelayo, isizukulwana esitsha izixhobo. Medicine ithathwa ngokuba ngokungangqalanga unetyala okubangela izifo ngenxa ngenxa yokhathalelo zonyango. Ngaphambili, i ngezifo ezifana ebizwa nosocomial (esibhedlele). Ukususela izifo eziqhelekileyo luphawulwa kanye yi kukuba amayeza ezilula (emveli) la nefuthe elifunekayo, uze ubonise ukuba kwiziyobisi bomelele. Ngokwentelekiso kutshanje yaqala ukuvela, umzekelo, iintlobo ayanda-se isifo sephepha. Namhlanje amayeza esi sifo ayikho kangako. Oku kusetyenziswa ikakhulu izinto iye yaphuhliswa USSR. A uhlobo olutsha zosulelo, ezi amayeza musa ayisebenzi. Ezi izigulane kuphela asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, kodwa kakhulu yingozi kwabanye ngenxa yokuba abathwali iintsholongwane izifo.

Intsusa yezi meko zophuhliso kumayeza

amelana nemithi kuthathwa ukuba yinkqubo kakhulu zendalo. Oku kungenxa nokukwazi a silwanyana, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ukumelana nemozulu etshintshayo. Nangona kunjalo, izinga ekukhuleni kokulwa elwa waba kakhulu ifuthe lokusetyenziswa nolungafanelekanga amayeza. Kakhulu kutshanje, elwa kuthengiswa nakwiikhemisti ngaphandle kwencwadi kagqirha. Kulo mba, abantu abaninzi siye kuthenga amayeza ngaphandle kokubonisana ugqirha. Njengomgaqo, nokuzeyisa iphela emva kweentsuku 1-3, xa iimpawu shwaka. Oku kubangela kokutshatyalaliswa engaphelelanga lwegciwane izifo. Ezinye zazo bayiyeka, kwaye abanye - into mutated, etshintsha kwenye L-imilo. Zisasazwe wonke umzimba yaye elindele ixesha labo. Kwimeko apho iimeko zivuma kubo, ukuba zisebenze. Ukuthintela iziphumo ezinjalo elwa amazinga iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya ku-14. Amagciwane ukuba zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba amayeza.

Eyona Ingxaki olwa

Kunye iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela, ekusetyenziswe imithi luyatshatyalaliswa kwaye siyingenelo amagciwane kulo iphecana zesisu, umzekelo. ukungalingani kungakhokelela ekubeni izinto ezingenelelayo isenokubangela ngolunya. Njengoko enye ingxaki kakhulu unyango zintsholongwane izenzo izifo ezifana dysbiosis. ngezifo Ukubangula kwenziwa ngokuvuselela ekukhuleni microflora iyingenelo.

Lo mfanekiso kwezonyango usulelo

Uphawu lokuqala kuxa esi sisifo esosulela ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane uthathwa ngumkhuhlane. Kungenxa ukutshatyalaliswa kodonga yeseli silwanyana LPS singena ezimbaxa zibe egazini aze le ngxenye; kwandule ke iziko thermoregulatory kuyo. Isiphumo ibe kukutshintshwa le setpoint, kwaye umzimba uqalisa 'ukucinga' ukuba kuyabanda. Ngoko ke, ukwandisa imveliso ubushushu, nokuncipha ukusasaza ubushushu. Fever lisebenza impendulo olukhuselayo. Amaqondo ukuya degrees 39. Kukhuthaza umsebenzi kwamajoni omzimba. Ngaphezu koku index iimfuno abafumana antipyretics. Xa amayeza "paracetamol" inokufana ichiza enjalo. Iqondo lobushushu lingaba ngqo ukuphungula antibiotics. Xa ukuncipha layo ngethuba leeyure zokuqala 24-28 ukusuka ekuqaleni ukwamkelwa, unako ukuzoba kwisigqibo iziyobisi ekhethiweyo ngokufanelekileyo. Enye ibonakalisa inkqubo ezosulelayo yi ukunxila syndrome. Wabonisa ukonakala ebalulekileyo, isimo ndidandathekile, ukungakhathali, izihlunu kunye neentlungu ezidibeneyo. Amathuba isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. ukunceda ekunciphiseni urhulumente efumana umthamo omkhulu ulwelo (iilitha ezimbini). amanzi agqithisileyo uya yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano buthi, ukunciphisa ingqondo zabo kwimveliso inxenye kubo yokuchama. Ezi mpawu zimbini ngentla ingqalelo jikelele kwaye kwenzeka phantse zonke izifo. Zonke ezinye iimpawu ngenxa yeempawu lwegciwane ethile, exotoxins kunye neminye imiba ndlongondlongo.

izifo ezithile

Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, kufuneka ziquka isifo sephepha, negcushuwa. Ezi ezimbi zahluke kancinane abanye. Kufuneka ke ukuba ezi zifo zikho ixesha elide emzimbeni womntu kunye "esetyenziselwa 'kubo abambalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zifo ezingahambi umfanekiso eliqaqambileyo clinical. Noko ke, ngokuchasene kwimvelaphi usulelo ukuphuhlisa ukudumba ethile, leyo ingabonwa ngemicroscope. Ezi zifo kunzima kakhulu unyango. Xa olu unyango ijolise bayeke nje wabonakala kwezonyango usulelo. Ngokupheleleyo wokuqeda umzimba kwizifo ezithile akwenzeki namhlanje.

okukwazi Active

Isixokelelwano sokhuselo lomzimba luquka kwamasebe amabini: kumaza humoral. Le yokugqibela kuyimfuneko nokudalwa omzimba athile ukuya awakwazi ngayo iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Ngenxa ukungena ka pathogen ukuhlangabezana iiseli omzimba - macrophage. Bathi ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokufunda isakhiwo lwabo kule nkqubo. Emva koko, ke ukudlulisela ulwazi izidumbu central kwinkqubo yokhuseleko. Nabo ke, ukhonza ukuvelisa umqondiso iiprotheni (antibodies) ukuba ziyakwazi lokunithumelela eneentsholongwane babulawe. Lomzimba eveliswe yi egazini. Iseli ukukhusela umzimba zakhiwa elinye icebo. iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ukuhlasela iintsholongwane amazwe, esebenzisa enzyme proteolytic. Ngokwangaphandle, bona ubomvu. Ngenxa yobukho kwezi enzayim ubofu ikwazi dutywa inyama ajikelezileyo qwele, ethwele ngalo iikhompawundi amazwe.

State of the eziphilayo emva konyango

Ukufunyanwa kwe umzimba kunokuba kweentlobo ezintathu: ngokupheleleyo, elebhu okanye lwezonyango. Kwimeko yokugqibela sithetha kungekho naziphi na iimpawu ezinxulumene esi sifo. recovery Laboratory ebekwe kwimeko apho imiqondiso zelebhu amakishiweyo. Gqibezela unyango luthathwa ukuba imeko apho umzimba womntu akukho kubonakele iintsholongwane ngolunya oko kwavusa ngezifo. Kakade ke, asizizo zonke izifo igqityiwe achache. Ukuziqhelisa, uninzi zamatyala aripotiweyo kunye nesiphumo ebulalayo. Kwakhona ngexesha ngezifo ahlekise angaba esingapheliyo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngaphezu itafile. sifo ngumntu ziibhaktheriya kule nkqubo ikhoyo zikhanyiswe ngokufutshane.