"Izhitsa" luphawu oluvela kwi-alfabhethi yakudala yaseSlavonic

Xa ufunda uncwadi lweklastiki, ngamanye amaxesha ufumana amagama angaziwa. Ukongeza, baninzi kubo okokuqala uva. Oku akumangalisi, kuba ulwimi lwesiRashiya, njengalowo nawuphi na kwihlabathi, luguquguqukayo, unyaka wonke amagama amatsha avela kuyo, kanti amanye aphumekanga. Ngoko kwenzeka ngegama elithi "izhitsa". Eli gama lingafumaneka kuNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol emsebenzini wakhe "Ingxelo yendlela u-Ivan Ivanovich engqubana ngayo no-Ivan Nikiforovich."

Nentsingiselo

Abantu abaninzi bayazi malunga nobukho be- alfabhethi yakudala yaseSlavonic, eyayiyi-alfabhethi yokuqala yokuqala kwaye yayinee-45. Ekuqaleni, kwakhiwa ngekhulu le-9 ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kwiSonto elidala leSlavonic neelwimi zaseSlavonic.

Ngoko, i-Izhitsa yileta evela kule alfabhethi, kamva nayo yayisesekuhlaziywa kwe-Russian alfabhethi. Sinokucinga ukuba uphawu olubiziweyo lwazalwa ngokubonga kwenye - i-Ipsilon, ngoku i-alfabhethi yesiGrike. I-Izhitsa yayisetyenziswe ngesiRashiya ukuchaza iileta yanamhlanje "kunye". Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha badibana namazwi aseGrike.

Ukubonisa

Igama elithi "izhytsa" linombolo enkulu yezinto ezibhalwe kuyo. Le ncwadi ibonakaliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ibonakala ngathi "y" yinto yanamhlanje, yayifana nomfanekiso 8 kunye nesithsaba esinqunywe. Inani lexabiso leenombolo kwiilwimi zakudala zesiSlovon ziyi-400.

Izhitsu yayingasetyenziswanga ngokubhaliweyo kokubhaliweyo mandulo, kwaye ngekhulu le-19-20. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakunexabiso "y". Ukuba yayisetyenziswe ngo-"o", ngoko yinto yentsingiselo yileta yanamhlanje "y". Kwaye okokuqala le nhlanganisela yayikuthi "ou", xa kwakungekho ndawo eyaneleyo, "y" yathunyelwa phezulu "o", ngoko ke loo nto yayibonakaliswa ngulophawu oludumile, olufana nenombolo enqamlekileyo.

Utshintsho

I-Izhitsa - le yileta ephindwa kaninzi ukuzama ukubuyisela, kwaye kwakhona "ukutshabalalisa". Kwaye kwangekhulu le-14 leminyaka. Kwaye kwagqitywa isigqibo sokubuyisela lo mqondiso, ngokugqithiseleyo ikopi yayo yesiGrike - ipsilon. Ngelo xesha, ileta ilahlekelwa "umsila ongaphantsi" kwaye ngoko iguqulwa. Ngendlela, inguqu yokugqibela ye-Izhitsa engokufumaneka kwiincwadi zecawa.

Kufunda

Ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo kwe-Izhinsky ngeli xesha kwakunzima ukuyiqonda. Ngokuxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano neminye imiqondiso, inokufundwa ngokuthi "kunye", "y" kunye nokuba "ku". Ngokusemthethweni, ubukho bento ephezulu yathintela ukufundwa kwalo mqondiso. Ukuba kukho i-accent ngaphezu kwesibonakaliso, i-vowel "kunye", ukuba akukho nto, ngoko ke "in".

Kwakhona kwakunokwenzeka ukuba udibane nokusetyenziswa kwe-kendem okanye urhudo. Ezi zinto zavela kwisiGrike. Kodwa ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangaloo nto, imiqondiso ayikwazi ukuba yizinto ezizimeleyo zealfabhethi.

Ulwimi lwesiRashiya

NgesiRashiya, i-Izhitsa yileta eya emva kwe-alphabet yecawa kunye ne-alfabhethi yesiRashiya. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kukaPetros I. Ngasekuqaleni kwe-1700. U kumkani wabhala isicatshulwa esilula apho iilfabhethi ilahlekisile ezinye iileta kunye neempendulo. Ngelo xesha, i-izhitsa yachithwa.

Kwiminyaka emibini kwanyulwa isigqibo sokubuyisela lo mqondiso. Ngo-1735, kwakhona, "wangcwatshwa." Kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-23 iphinda ibuyiselwe kwakhona. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 banquma ukukhansela, kwaye ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ukubuyisela kwakhona. Yaye nangona ngo-1857 i-Izhytsu yazama ukukhipha kwakhona, lesi sigwebo sasiphosiwe "ngeendlebe", ekubeni isalathiso kwaye sasingqineki ukudibana. Yayisetyenziswe ngaphantsi nangaphantsi, ngamanye amaxesha ibekwa kwiibakaki, ezibonisa ukungabikho kokusetyenziswa.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakukho ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwamaqanda, nangona kuphela iminyaka emibini. Ngomnyaka we-1917 kwakukho utshintsho oluchanekileyo, apho isibonakaliso sasingakhankanyi nhlobo. Kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuthi yiloo nto i-Izhitsu yachithwa ngokupheleleyo. Ubuncinane, yiyo i-Great Soviet Encyclopedia ithi.

Enyanisweni, ileta yabonakala ngokuthe ngcembe, xa kubonakala i-alphabet yaseburhulumenteni. Kamva abanye baqala ukukholelwa ukuba ukubonakala kweleta "y" kudibaniswa nje nge-izzyce, nangona kukho isiphakamiso sokuba uphawu "U" aluhambanga "Ѵ, ѵ", kodwa utshintsho lwe "uk".

Ezinye iindlela

Ngokuphathelele igama elithi "izhytsa" isichazamazwi se-etymological kaKrylov sithi yileta yeCyrillic alfabhethi, eyayihlala kwindawo yesibini. Kwakudala ebolekwe kwi-alfabhethi yakudala yaseSlavonic. Isiseko sokwakheka kwalo mqondiso kwakuyi "idyokhwe". Kukholelwa ukuba inkcazo ifana nejoka enomfanekiso we-arc kwaye ibonakalisa igama elithi "idyokhwe".

Ukongeza kwinto yokuba uGogol ukhulume nge-izhytsu, ethetha malunga nomlomo womnye wabalinganiswa bomsebenzi wakhe, kukho ukuthetha. Umzekelo, "ukubhalisa i-izytsu" kuthetha ityala nge-birch.