Ukuhlanganiswa kwezandi ngelizwi. Ukudibanisa izandi ezininzi

I-Orthopy - ngokuqinisekileyo yezona zihloko ezinzima kakhulu kwisiRashiya. Ingxaki kukuba nokuba izithethi zasekuhlaleni azikwazi ukuhlala zithetha indlela yokubiza igama elithile ngokuchanekileyo. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi sinokukwazi oku, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukudibanisa izandi kwilizwi lidibanisa. Ngaba kukho imigaqo enokuthi iququzelele ubomi bomntu othetha isiRashiya kwaye uncede aphephe iimpazamo ubuncinane kule nto? Ngokuqinisekileyo apho. Siyakwamkelwa kwihlabathi elimnyama le-Russian orthoepia edidekile.

Inhlanganisela yeVotel

Makhe siqale, mhlawumbi, ngezandi zomsindo - azibonakali ngaphantsi kwefuthe labamelwane babo. Ukudibanisa izandi zesikhalazo ngokuqhelekileyo zivakaliswa ngokwemiqathango ye-orthoepia. Okukuphela kwenkqubela kukuba xa kukho esinye isibonakaliso phambi kwayo, kukho enye i-vowel, ke ezi zivakalayo, ukuba zitsho, ukuba zitsho, zihlulwe: - e iba [ye], - ujika [yy], - ujika Ku- [yo], kwaye -na- ndiya kuthiwa [ya] - ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-heatvye vowels, apho kubonakala khona isandi sale sonorous. Ukongeza, "iota" ibonakala ekuqaleni kwegama (umzekelo, " umgodi " uzwakala ngathi [ yama ]), nangona emva kokuhlukanisa amanqaku athambileyo kunye nobunzima ([ vyuga ] kunye [ padyazd ]). Ngendlela, nangona i-vowel phambi kwesinye isibonakaliso simele ngegama elithile (-na ndathi-), i-heatst iya kusekho.

Kwakhona, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba indawo ephumelele kakhulu yeekhenksi kukutshatyalaliswa, kukho kuyo ukuba izandi zivakala ngokucacileyo.

Kwaye usebenzise

Makhe silungise ukudibanisa izandi ezimbini ezibhaliweyo ngokubhalwa kwamagama amaninzi: ukuzimela, i-canyon, ukuzingela, ukuthulula, ukuhlukanisa, i-adagio, ulutsha, oluqhakazileyo, oluhambahambayo, i-apula, uhlobo oluthile, ukufika, elungileyo, ilizwe laseJapane, ukucula.

Idibeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo kumbuthano we-morphemes

Ngezandi ezilumkileyo, akulula. Yonke into ilapha apha: izandi-abavakalisi, isikhundla sesandi kwigama (kwi-morphemes yayo), kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Umbuzo wokuqala ngumdibaniso wezandi eziqhaqhaqhaqhayo kwi-junction of morphemes, ngokukodwa, izandi ezifanayo. Sonke sasiva amazwi anjenge "ixesha elide, ubunyulu, inkqubo," kwaye sibabiza, ngokupheleleyo bengacingi. Kwaye ngelo xesha, kukho imigaqo ethile kunye nemithetho yefowuni echaza ezi zinto. Ngoko ngamagama afana - ukuthunga, isizathu, ukukhohlisa - ukudibanisa izandi eziliqela kuthiwa enye, nje kuphela: [ shoshit, razsudok, podadelka ]. Ewe, enye enye into ibonwa apha: ukuhambelana komntu omnye, oya kuchazwa kamva. Into ebalulekileyo ukuyiqonda kukuba nayiphi na imeko, izandi ezifanayo kwixunction ye-morphemes iya kuba enye.

Yaye ukuba bahlala kwi-morpheme efanayo? Kwiingcambu, umzekelo

Kodwa kuthekani ngokudibanisa izandi kwilizwi, elisempondweni? Kwiimeko zesiRashiya zanamhlanje, loo matyala akwenzeki ukuba ayenzeke - ayimpawu ngokukodwa ngamagama abolekekileyo (i- gamma, inkqubo ). Ngoko, ukudibanisa okufanayo kufakwa kwakhona njengesandi esinye, kodwa kungekudala, kodwa futshane. Kwamanani amaninzi abolekileyo, olu tshintsho lubonakala kwiso iso: ukuhlasela (ukusuka ekuhlaselweni) kwikorori (ukusuka kwikorori) .

Izandi ezifanayo kwiilwimi zesiRashiya kumxube we-morphemes ziba zide, kodwa ukuba zivela kwi-morpheme efanayo, ingcambu, umzekelo, olu luhlu alubonakali. Olunye olubalulekileyo ngolu hlobo: kwintetho yefowuni, izandi ezibini ezifanayo azizange zibhalwe ngecala, ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ukuba esi sandi siza kudala, ngasentla sifakwe umgca ongqalileyo-uphawu olukhethekileyo lwefowuni.

Yaye yintoni enye into efanayo

Into elandelayo ehambelana nomxholo wokudibanisa izandi kwigama lifana nokufana. Ukwahlula kukuhambelana nokubiza kwesandi esinye, kukho iintlobo eziliqela zolu hlobo, ezixhomekeke kuxhomekeke ekuthandeni izandi. Makhe siqwalasele nganye.

Ukuhambelana ngokuvakalisa / ukuva

Ukwahlula ngokungazwili kunye nokuzithulu kubonakaliswa ngumbonkqo we-sonorous kunye nesisithulu, ngokulandelanayo-ulwimi lwesiRashiya alukho udidi kwiintlobo ezinjalo, ngoko ke isandi sokuqala sichaphazeleka yinto yesibini, emangalisa okanye evezwe. Ngokwenzululwazi ngokwemiqathango, oku kuthiwa yi-regressive uniformity.

Utshintsho lwamaxesha alandelayo:

1. Kwintlangano ye-morphemes: i- gap- sonorous-w- ngaphantsi kwefuthe-isis-k-isaba sithulu
2. Kwinqanaba lamalungiselelo kunye namazwi: kwiqhwa - sonorous -d- ivuleleke kwimpembelelo yabantu abayizithulu-, abayizithulu
3. Kwintlangano yegama kunye neengqungquthela: I- GOT into - iphinda ihlume ngenxa yempembelelo yintsi-
4. Kwimeko yamagama (amagama anenkululeko yokuzimela - izibizo, izenzi, izichazi, izibhengezo, njl.) Amagama achazwa ngaphandle kwekhefu phakathi kwabo: i- rook yebhokhwe - i-sonorous -iyiva ngefuthe le-deaf-k-kufuphi.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kwimimiselo, izinto ezimangalisa zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokukhala. Ngelo xesha, lo mgaqo awusebenzi kwizandi zomsindo ngesiRashiya ( Umkhangeli - ngokwemigaqo kufuneka kuthethwe [ Drend ], kodwa ngenxa yeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-Russian orthoepia, i-consonant yokuqala ayikho phantsi kweenguqulelo) kunye neendonononi phambi kokuba i-call-i- ibonakale Yotovyh izikhalazo: [ otYezd ], nangona eli gama limele live ngathi [ oDyzd ].

Ukunyaniseka ngokulula

Siya kuhlobo olulandelayo lokufanisa - ukuthambisa. Kwakhona kugxininisa - oko kukuthi, isandi sokuqala sixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yecala elilandelayo. Utshintsho olunjalo lwenzeka ngaphambi:

1. I-Vowel: [e] - muEl - ichibi ; [ И ] - п'Ил - пил
2. Iingqonqonqo eziphantsi: ngaphakathi kwegama ( ka''n ' ); Kwinqanaba le-morphemes ( S'm'en ).

Elula ngokulula

Kodwa kulo mgaqo kukho inani leminye. Ukudibaniswa kwezandi ngelizwi alinakufaniswa:

1. Kwinqanaba lamagama ( VoT es es ) - ngokufana nokuhambelana ngokuvakalisa / ukuva, kufuneka kube nokunciphisa, kodwa le meko yinto ehlukile.
2. Iinconci zomlomo - b, n, c, f - phambi kwamazinyo - d, t, r, k, x - ( PT'enchik, VZ'at )
3. - F , w, c - ayikaze athambile, ngaphezu koko, iinconta ezincinci azibonakali phambi kwazo. Okukuphela kwalomgaqo kulo mgaqo [ l / l ']: i- coNTeCo-coco.

Ngaloo ndlela, akunakwenzeka ukutsho ukuba ukufana nokuthobeka kuyahambelana ngqo nemithetho elawulayo. Kukho inani leempawu ezingenakulibala ngazo nayiphi na imeko.

Ukuxhaswa ngobunzima

Uhlobo olulandelayo lokuphazamiseka lufana nobunzima. Kuvele kuphela phakathi kweengcambu kunye nesithintelo: imfama-i-saddle- oko kukuthi, isisombululo esiqala kwisigxina esiqinileyo, sichaphazela isandi sangaphambili. Kwaye kukho ukungafani: ukufana kungayi kwenzeka ngaphambili - b - ( proZ'Ba ), kwaye kwakhona umthetho awuyi kuthobela [ n ' ] ( poHe - zapol'Ny ).

Ukuxhaswa ngaphambi kokuguqulwa

Inani lezandi ngelizwi lithonywe ngenye inhlobo yokubambisana - ukukhwelwa komloli - , c - phambi kobuni- w, h, f -. Kule meko, isandi sokuqala sidibanisa neyesibini, sifana naso: ukuthunga - ♦Shit , ngobushushu - ZZharom . Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kwi - d, t - ngaphambi - h, c -: oc . Olu hlobo lokufana luya kwandisa ukuhlanganiswa - жж - и - зж - kwingcambu yegama (- kamva- nangemva koko ). Ngaloo ndlela, ngenxa yoluhlobo lwesimo, inani lezandi ngelizwi linye ngaphantsi kweleta.

Iinconon

Akukho mntu wanciphisa into enjalo njengamaqondiyo angabonakaliyo. Apha nakwezinye izandi azikhankanyi nje - ungatsho ukuba ziyawa. Lo mzekelo ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukudibanisa izandi kwigama- stn, zdn, stl, ntsk, stsk, vstv, rdts, ltz - umzekelo, othembekileyo, ekupheleni, ukuziva, ilanga . Kukho ubunzima obunxulumene nalo: ezinye zikhokelwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokubhala (njengokuba ndivayo, ngoko ndibhalela), ngoko ke, ukuba i-consonant ayichazwanga, akufanele ibe ngegama. Ngelishwa, oku akunjalo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukhetha igama leengcambu ukujonga ukuba kukho nasiphi na isandi kwiimeko ezibonelelweyo: ukunyaniseka - ukuhlonipha, ukukhawuleza - ngokukhawuleza ukukhangela amagama apho emva kokuba i-consonant ibe yi-vowel okanye i-sonorous, eya kwenza ukuba isandi sibonakale ngokucacileyo.

Ayikho inhlanganisela, kodwa ncinane nje ngokumangalisa

Ukuqhubeka nomxholo weendononci eziqhayisayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi zandi zivame ukuba zizithulu ekugqibeleni kwegama, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-vowel yangaphambili okanye i-consonant. Sithetha ukungabi nendawo esikhundleni se- porosity kunye nesando kunokuba ncinane . Iimeko ezifanayo zikhokelela ekubonakaleni kweendawo ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-homophones - amagama abhaliwe ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa avakaliswa ngendlela efanayo njengendoda efanayo (njengesixhobo) kunye nolutsha (njengesiphakamiso esifutshane). Ukupeliswa kwegama lomgca ekupheleni kwamazwi anjalo kufuneka kuhlolwe.

Kwaye nenye imbali

Ngolwimi lwesiRashiya ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ukufaniswa kwee sonoras kwadumile, oku kukuthi, umzekelo, umkhosi wawungazange ukhankanywe ngokusemthethweni, njengesiko kuthi, izithethi zanamhlanje zolwimi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ar'm'ya . Okwangoku, le ngqungquthela ayifumanekanga.

Ukuphindaphinda ngumama ...

Ukulungisa konke oku ngasentla, ungasebenzisa ukubhaliselwa kwamagama angezantsi:

Umyezo, ukuhleka, ukungabikho, i-apple, ukukhangela, isichotho, i-droid, i-savannah, impucuko, i-mirage, ukutshisa, ingxelo, i-imeyile, ukuzalisa, ukwenqaba, ukuzonwabisa, utshani, amandla, uthele, ukuthoba, ikhowudi yokufikelela, eKie, ngonyaka.

Ekugqibeleni

Igama, isilabhali, isandi - ngoko unokucinga ngolu hlobo lolawulo lwe-Russian. Yaye ukutsho ukuba yonke into ilula kuyo, awukwazi nakuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ngomzekelo omlula wokuhlanganiswa kweentonondi, saqiniseka ukuba akusoloko kulandelelwano igama, kukho intuition eyaneleyo. Masize sizame ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo ukuze silondoloze lonke ubuhle kunye nobutyebi bolwimi lwethu. Kulula kakhulu.