Ixabiso kunye siseko ukusebenza analyzers kunye qwa

Zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kufuneka ulwazi malunga nendawo apho izinto eziphilayo ubomi; nomntu kungekho ngaphandle. Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo zinika ezibuthathaka (isivamvo) inkqubo. Nawuphi na umsebenzi, sensory perception receptor luqala amandla isivuseleli nenguqu wayo ube amaza luvo, nokudlulisa ezi eyenza ngokusebenzisa ingqondo yesekethe uvaleke, oguqula amaza luvo ku njengokungathi ezithile, ezifana nezinto ezikhalayo, ukuqgiba, ezibonwayo, ephathekayo, kunye nabanye.

Yintoni na ke analyzers kunye izivamvo zabantu? Kule kamva.

ku analyzers

Ngexesha ukufunda amalungu kweenkqubo yovakalelo Academician Pavlov , IP Wadala umsebenzi analyzers. analyzer nganye amaqela amathathu: Central, neuropathy kunye umqhubi.

Isahlulo engabalulekanga receptors amele - kwalapho ukuba ethe-kuphela kwizinto ezithile iintlobo uyakhetha. Bona zibandakanyiwe izivamvo, ehambisana nazo.

Analyzers kunye namaziko sensory: yesakhiwo umsebenzi

Le analyzer unalo isakhiwo eqhelekileyo. Siqulathe yeSebe receptor, inxalenye conductive kunye ofisi central. Receptor okanye inxalenye engabalulekanga analyzer angamelwa njenge receptor. Uyabubona kwaye enze processing ephambili inkcazelo ethile. Umzekelo, iliza isandi eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa ngawo indlebe curl, ukukhanya - uxinzelelo eye - receptor isikhumba.

Xa amalungu entsonkothileyo ingqiqo (ukungcamla, umbono, ukuva), ukongeza receptors, ubukho izakhiwo abangabancedani ukuba kwimbono ezilungileyo isivuseleli kunye yokusebenza ngokuzala, ezikhuselayo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Umzekelo, imibutho inkxaso analyzer olubonakalayo unikela amehlo, ngelixa ii-Visual - kuphela iiseli ezibuthathaka (iintonga neziqina). Ezenza ukuba aqinise ezihloniphekileyo, leyo zicwangciswe phezu eku- phezu komzimba ziyifumanisa yemeko ezisingqongileyo kwaye Ukuzibona ubuhlungu yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kunye namaziko.

Njani analyzers kunye ingqondo?

Division umqhubi analyzer lubonise luvo ukuba baqhube zizimvo luvo kwinkqubo luvo ukusuka receptor (ezikhalayo, ukuqgiba, luvo optic, njalo njalo).

analyzer Central Front imele inxalenye ethile yalo neuron, apho kuyondelelaniswe nohlalutyo kolwazi anikeziweyo ngu menzi woluvo kwaye uyayiguqulela ibe njengokungathi ezithile (ukuqgiba, ezibonwayo, njalo njalo).

Eyona nto ifunekayo ngenxa yenu yesiqhelo analyzer ekunokuthiwa ingqibelelo zonke ezintathu uqhekeko. Njani izivamvo kunye analyzers? Okunye ngaloo ngezantsi.

Umsebenzi analyzer olubonakalayo

I-receptor inxalenye kwezi ziseko zimele iliso. ekudibaneni kwemichiza apha uzakhela ukubetha sombane leyo udlula i-luvo optic, kwaye eqikelelwayo nomhlehlo uthinte Occipital.

Umsebenzi analyzer eziviwayo. Receptor indlebe apha. Inxalenye engaphandle ye liya kulila ixilongo,-avareji kwelilandelayo. Uphawu ezinambuzelayo luvo eziviwayo engqondweni, uqabe isithinzi zakhe temporal.

Umsebenzi analyzer ukuqgiba. Le epithelium ukuqgiba ihlanganisa inwebu engaphakathi impumlo. Kananjalo bakulwazi molekyuli ivumba, wenza ukudala azilawule luvo.

analyzers Umsebenzi incasa. Amaqhina awo ukunambitheka - receptors yemichiza enovakalelo aphendule imichiza.

Kukho lafaka, ubushushu, analyzers intlungu - nazo zibandakanya receptors apha esikhumbeni. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ingcamango "izivamvo" kunye "analyzers".

iziko mbono

Le mali inkulu ulwazi malunga ihlabathi engaphandle ezidluliselwa ukuba umntu ngokusebenzisa umbutho emehlweni, oko kukuthi, amehlo, nto leyo iquka izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye lweliso lakho. Yeso ise kwinxalenye phambi ukakayi kwi elitywinwe-orbit, ukukhusela Neenkophe yayo ephezulu nesezantsi ukusuka umonakalo, kwakunye amashiya kunye neengqameko ngokungqalileyo, impumlo kunye namathambo malar cranial.

Analyzers ingqondo zabantu ezizodwa.

Xa kwikona kwezisekelo iliso verhnenaruzhnogo amadlala lacrimal ukuba cell fluid lacrimal, iinyembezi, ibhexesha intshukumo iinkophe, ilele phezu lweliso lakho. Kwikona engaphakathi uya iinyembezi kwemfuneko, oko oluwe zizelwe uze kungena kwisisu ngeempumlo of nasolacrimal duct. Ezintandathu imisipha extraocular ukudibanisa ukhozo lweliso nethambo udonga komzila kunye nokuvumela intshukumo phezulu, phantsi, ecaleni.

udonga ezintathu shell ukhozo lweliso bokwakha: ezinezikhondo (elingaphandle), imithambo (avareji) kunye retina okanye nemileyo (ngaphakathi). Iqokobhe zangaphandle ngakumbi, isahlulo ngasemva yakha sclera (tunica isikhumba ashinyeneyo), oko kuya inwebu ngaphaya ngaphambili ukuba akubonakali ekukhanyeni, - i inwebu. Ngumbindi wale sclera ukhusela iliso kwaye ugcina nemilo yayo. Eye kondla iimpahla yegazi, nto leyo esisityebi kwi choroid. Iris, oko kukuthi, nomphambili wayo, ulwehlo, yaye oku kugqiba umbala kombala, nto leyo eye iliso. Ngoko ke amalungiselelo analyzers kunye namaziko nemizwa.

Egumbini phambi iliso

Egumbini sobuKristu - isithuba phakathi iris kunye inwebu, ezele vyazkovatoy kunye ulwelo. Ngemva iso le lens biconvex kwe-10 mm ubukhulu - lens elastic nengafihliyo. Olubotshelelwe ku esihlunwini ciliary, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi choroid. Ukuba ukuqina nemisipha lifinyele, ngamanye umsipha ciliary buyasikhulula isingxobo, ilens uba khaxa ngakumbi ngenxa misela wayo luthambe, kunye vice versa, ilens uba yatyeba ngexesha okhulisa tensioning nemisipha.

Egumbini emva iliso izele ulwelo kwaye zibekwe phakathi lens iris. Kuba lens lweHo- ukhozo lweliso izaliswe ubunzima gelatinous neselubala, umzimba vitreous ekuthiwa-, ekuthi kujongwe ukuba ukugcina ukumila lweliso lakho, ukuba ayinike bhetyebhetye yaye, ukongeza, Nxibelelana kunye sclera kunye retina choroid. Lo ngumthetho-siseko engundoqo yokusebenza amalungu ingqiqo kunye analyzers.

retina

Retin-A, okanye iqokobhe net-ezifana yangaphakathi yeyona entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwisakhiwo. imigca It udonga lweliso lakho evela ngaphakathi. kwenza Its iziphelo zemithambo-luvo optic, receptor (photosensitive) iiseli (iintonga neziqina) kunye neeseli ulwehlo ukuba ibekwe nwebu olungaphandle retina. Black ibala sombala layer lubonwa kuvulwa umfundi. Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa izivamvo kunye analyzers.

Eye cinga izixhobo zokukhanyisa. Its ukukhanya-refracting inkqubo okubandakanya: umzimba vitreous, ilens, i zolwelo ngasemva ulwelo kunye namagumbi ngaphambili inwebu. isiqalelo ngasinye woqondo kwenkqubo udlula a reyi kukukhanya refracted, esiwa kwi retina nokwakha umfanekiso omfusa wayicola izinto ezibonakalayo emehlweni.

Ziziphi analyzers ziqhagamshelwe izivamvo, ngoku sele icace.

Le indlela photoreception

Retina iqulathe iintonga malunga 130 lezigidi 7 million cone. Kombala iikhowuni iodopsin ekhoyo okuvumela ukubona imibala emini. Kananjalo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu, ukuba uvakalelo ecacicleyo imibala eluhlaza, obomvu noluhlaza.

Kweentonga ezo kunye iikhowuni (receptors photosensitive) xa baboniswa reyi ukukhanya ukuba abasabela ezintsonkothileyo nomsi ukuba zikhatshwa cleavage of ngombala olubonakalayo ukuya ezimbaxa. Oku kunegalelo ukuba indlela nomsi of excitation, ukuba idluliselwe kwi-luvo optic kwifom ukubetha kulo diencephalon kunye obuphakathi (amaziko subcortical), kwaye ngakumbi xa lobe Occipital le neuron kwaye kwalungiswa kuyabuya olubonakalayo. Ebumnyameni ebuyiselweyo purple ezibonwayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi analyzer kunye ilungu lomzimba? Okunye ngaloo ngezantsi.

Authority of Health

Izinto ezibangela ukuba uyayilondoloza:

• umthombo ukukhanya ngasekhohlo;
• emsebenzini kufuneka .Yiyo kakuhle;
• ukusuka iliso ngokutsha umgama kwisifundo ngasinye, kufuneka ube malunga 30-35 cm.

Kwakhona ikhokelela ukonakala kweendlela ukufunda zothutho (ukusukela umgama rhoqo ukutshintsha phakathi lens kanye incwadi kukhokelela buthathaka luthambe ciliary kwezihlunu kunye ilens), okanye elele phantsi. Kufuneka ukukhusela amehlo ukungena ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kakhulu, uthuli kunye nezinye amasuntswana. Akukho izitho kangako kunye analyzers. test ezinesifundo iBhayiloji ziya kuba nako kudlula ngamnye.

iziko ukuzwa

Kuba organ ngeendlebe abasoloko ngendlebe avareji, inxalenye engaphandle nendlebe engaphakathi.

Le Indlebe yangaphandle kuquka auricle kunye zangaphandle emseleni ezikhalayo, indlebe nesiphelo. Imilo ye-pinna ufana ifanele eyakhiwa kwithishyu ezinezikhondo, nto leyo ligutyungelwe nesikhumba intlala. Ubude emjelweni engaphandle bezandi -. 2-5 cm amadlala ngqo Channel kwabelwa ulwelo sulphuric viscous, kuphazamisa Cya kunye nothuli. I-elastic obhityileyo ku 0.1 mm indlebe ikhuthaza ukudluliselwa ukuya endlebeni phakathi intlokoma yesandi.

Indlebe ophakathi esemva indlebe kwi ithambo nezenyama Amaza. Lakhe kwisisu tympanic uba umthamo nama-1 cm ³ kwaye iqulethe ossicles ezintathu: lingaphakathi, incus kunye malleus. Emva Eustachian (ekuva) ityhubhu liqhagamshelene nasopharynx tympanum. Uxinzelelo omabini amacala indlebe ilungelelaniswe nge ityhubhu ezikhalayo, oko ugcina ukuthembeka.

ubungakanani obuncinane kakhulu ossicles eziviwayo ifomu chain enokususwa kunye nabanye. Malleus (umhadi angaphandle) liqhagamshelene inwebu tympanic, kunye nentloko yayo kunye nensimbi - usebenzisa joint. Nensimbi, ke, iqhotyoshelwe sistapes, kwaye - udonga kwindlebe engaphakathi. Bezandi umsebenzi ossicles inzuzo olwenziwa amaxesha-20 kunye wave ive kwindlebe ephakathi indlebe.

Udonga engaphakathi tympanum, leyo esahlula umndilili kwindlebe engaphakathi enefestile ezimbini (imingxunyana) - mbhoxo, ngeenxa zonke, inwebu tight leyo ndizayo. Le inwebu foramen ovale isekelwe endlebeni.

Abaninzi abanomdla izivamvo kunye analyzers. Uvavanyo eziphilayo, umzekelo, iqulathe imibuzo ngalo mba.

Indlebe engaphakathi ise wethambo zezomzuzwana, ke yinkqubo lamajelo kunye nemingxuma, ngokuba ekulo. Bebonke bakha ekulo ezinqinileyo, yaye ekubeni kukho membranous ibekwe ngaphakathi kuyo. Phakathi mibono membranous kunye nendawo bone uzaliswe ulwelo, ebizwa ngokuba perilymph.

mibono Membranous ngaphakathi uzaliswe fluid, ebizwa endolymph. Amasebe amathathu abelwe endlebeni yangaphakathi: njengecochlea, imisele omise ke ivaranda. Ukuva lungu ekunokuthiwa njengecochlea kuphela - channel bone spirally ephothiweyo 2.5 amathuba. Em- isiteshi uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu yi ingaphandle ezimbini.

Enye inwebu, i inwebu eyintloko ubunjwe kwizicwili, ezibandakanya nama-24 amawaka Imisonto amancinane ezibude amalungiselelo transversely kwikhosi ye njengecochlea. Imicu inde kakhulu njengezona njengecochlea, kwaye imfutshane - ezigudle yayo. Ezi Imicu 5 imiqolo zvukochuvstvitelnyh iiseli iinwele kunye inwebu ukutyabeka lukhula ngaphezu kwabo. Kunye, ezi zinto zenza ukuba umbutho Corti, oko kukuthi izixhobo receptor le analyzer eziviwayo.

Umahluko phakathi analyzer amalungu oluvo ke analyzer ifumana ulwazi ukusuka organ oluvo ukuba alamkele kulo ihlabathi ngaphandle.

Indlela okuqonda sound

iinkumba Liquids nokunyuka channel uthathe lingaphakathi, leyo lixhomekeke kwi window ndizayo elimbhoxo. Oku kukhokelela ukuhla nokunyuka imicu livakale ndizayo ephambili. Kuquka pitch eliphezulu izandi unobangela intlokoma of fibrils ezimfutshane, ezo zibekwe emazantsi njengecochlea, ngelixa esisezantsi kubangela ukuhla zezona phezulu fibrils elide. iiseli iinwele ngexesha elifanayo ezingabambi inwebu igqubuthelayo, ukutshintsha isimo sayo.

iiseli Hair, ebhekisela ukutyabeka shape utshintsho ndizayo. Oku kukhokelela excitation luyasuka ukuya mesencephalon ngohlobo la mandla luvo ezikhalayo, yaye ngakumbi ukuva izowuni le neuron nomhlehlo zezomzuzwana, apho excitation engena kuyabuya eziviwayo. Indlebe umntu ukuqonda izandi sokuquqa uluhlu 20-20000 Hz.

Ukuva Authority Health

Ukugcina ndirhawuzelelwa lulwimi, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela umonakalo ukuya indlebe. Indlebe emisele kunye neendlebe kufuneka igcinwe icocekile. Ukuba ezindlebeni sele efunde intsalela wesalfure, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhagamshelane yincutshe. ingxolo eyomeleleyo eziluqilima nempembelelo embi kubume iziko kwetyala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukunyanga ifiva ngendlela ngexesha, njengoko em- tympanic ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu eustachian kusichukumisa iintsholongwane ibangele ukudumba. Siye kwakhona analyzers kunye izitho zabantu.

nezinye analyzers

Kukho kwakhona ephathekayo, gustatory kunye analyzers ukuqgiba. touch ebizwa isikhumba axakane nezamkeli eziliqela. ezenza Taste i-peripheral ezahlulwe incasa analyzer (ulwimi, isifo ngomlomo). Amaziko ephakamileyo ebuchotsheni. analyzer ukuqgiba ifumana ulwazi receptors ebekwe kwi isifo ngeempumlo. Isivamvo sokujoja ebantwini yaqulunqa kakhulu okwanamhlanje, ngokungafaniyo nezilwanyana.

umsebenzi umdla izixhobo vestibular, ulawula indawo kunye noqhelwaniso lomsebenzi umzimba esithubeni. Age kunye nesini kuchaphazela ukusebenza analyzers. Umzekelo, abasetyhini kufuneka ngengqiqo eziphuhlileyo ngcono ivumba imbono shades umbala. Amadoda ukungcamla zinamaqhina ukusebenza ngcono.

Ixabiso izitho kunye analyzers

kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu Le amalungu. Ngaphandle kwabo, bekuya kuba nzima ukuba asinde. Ngubani ayiqondakali kuphuhliswa naliphi na ilungu lomzimba okanye iimpawu analyzer kuvandlakanywa kuphuhliso kwimbono yehlabathi. Abayi musa hlengisa ngokwabo esithubeni. imisebenzi Motor kakuhle.