Le ndawo yase-Australia. Australia emephini. features Australia

State of Australia kubekwe kwilizwekazi enye, yaye ezinye iziqithi ezingqongileyo, inkulu yazo Tasmania. Indawo Australia yi 7.682.300 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Ngenxa yoko ilizwe ohlala 7.617.930 square metres. km. Unxweme ibanga kweekhilomitha ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka.

Australia Square kumbindi belizwekazi ahlala endaweni ebanzi ye emathafeni, oluninzi Lake Eyre nezitya zokutshiza, Murray River. Ukongeza, kukho Nallabor plain. Northwest Territories odumileyo Great Western Plateau - indawo intlango ezinkulu ezine: Gibson, Simpson, Omkhulu Sandy Intlango kunye Victoria Omkhulu.

Ingakumbi Australia kangangokuba ilizwe amanzi ngokwaneleyo acocekileyo. Uninzi lwemilambo ibekwe okwimpuma yeli lizwekazi, kuquka eDarling, Murray kunye nabanye. Imijelo yamanzi, abakulo iziko entshonalanga, ehlotyeni owomileyo.

Amanzi kwi amachibi kakhulu anetyuwa. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye inkulu kubo - Air. It laliziimitha ezilishumi elinambini ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

labantu

Xa ndawo, sisuka Australia na ngaphezu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe kunye nesiqingatha ezikwere zeekhilomitha. indawo kwayo umiwe ngabantu 23,625,130 (njengoko of July 2014). Ubukhulu becala ke baseYurophu - 95%, i-5% ezi bendawo Asia (4% ne-1%, ngokulandelelana). Ulwimi olusemthethweni IsiNgesi.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu bamandulo wathabatha ezinye Australia Square iminyaka emashumi mane amawaka eyadlulayo. Kuthathwa ukuba beza e Papua New Guinea kunye siqithi Indonesian.

Abemi okuqala becala abazibandakanya ekuzingeleni kunye indibano. Abameli yezizukulwana ngezizukulwana ezilandelayo ziye akuqala ukubalelana ngokubonakalayo kwi nomsinga kwiziqithi ezikufuphi, bavula kwintsimi entsha. Nangona izakhono zobuchwepheshe abangekaphuhli kakhulu, ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni ilitye, ukhuni bone, ekuhlaleni nakubomi ngokomoya sele ekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, abaninzi bathetha iilwimi ezininzi, kwaye amaqela zezizwe ngamanye amaxesha ngokunjalo kude eziququzelelwe Confederation.

Okwangoku, indawo Australia kakuhle ngokupheleleyo. Le amabala ebizwa njalo-ezimhlophe kwilizwekazi abanazo. Sekunjalo, 89% oluntu - baloo dolophu. Kungenxa yoko le nto Australia igqalwa lamazwe amaninzi zasedolophini ehlabathini. Umlinganiselo ubomi iminyaka 2005-2010. Yaba iminyaka 81,6. Eli nani umxhelo.

inkolo

Eli lizwe akukho esemthethweni. abahlali abaninzi - amaKristu. Njengoko ka-2006, 25.8% yabantu ababambelele ukholo yamaKatolika. Enye iinkolo ezibalaseleyo - Anglican (18.7% yabemi). Ukongeza, eli lizwe likhaya amaPresbhithari, Adventists, abakwaMoya, amaWisile kunye Army, amaBhuda, Islamists namaYuda.

inkonzo Weekly zatyelelwa abantu malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi. Indima ebalulekileyo kubomi beli idlalwa zesisa ezahlukeneyo zamaKristu kunye nasezibhedlele. inkqubo yesikolo Catholic nalo kuphuhliswa kakuhle kakhulu. Malunga kwezigidi ezithandathu ezinesiqingatha abantwana ababhaliswe kula maziko emfundo. I-Church of England ibandakanyeka kwimfundo malunga nekhulu lamawaka abantu abatsha. Izikolo 48 esebenzayo umncedisi womsebensi womnatha, United Church.

sezulu

I indawo okuyo zemozulu Australia kubangela umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zexabiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe. Ngoko, kwi kwimimandla esemantla esilawulwa sub-sentshinyela, kwi engundoqo kunye nomzantsi - imozulu zemvula. Cinga imozulu ingakumbi Australia. I-avareji lobushushu yonyaka kwinxalenye esemantla lizwe ku ezahlukene 23-28 degrees Celsius. imvula obukhulu (ukuya kwenye eemilimitha eziliwaka elinamakhulu amahlanu) yi ehlotyeni. Blow ebusika yimimoya eyomileyo abandayo, ekhokelela ziimbalela. Ngokumalunga kumathafa aselunxwemeni nelamaxandeka eziphakamileyo, ukuba utyebile kwaye nemozulu ethambileyo zifudumeleyo. Iqondo lobushushu lwenyanga zikhuthazayo eSydney malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu degrees, yaye kubanda kakhulu - malunga neshumi elinesihlanu degrees nomqondiso "dibanisa".

Kwimimandla engundoqo kunye ntshona yezwe imozulu iyintlango yetropiki. Ehlotyeni (Disemba ukuya kuFebruwari) ubushushu inkoliso iiyure emini na kwi amathathu degrees okanye ngezantsi nje, yaye ebusika kusithwa iingongoma ezilishumi okanye elinesihlanu. Xa ngundoqo ilizwekazi ehlotyeni nokuba shushwana - up to Celsius amane anesihlanu. Kulo mzekelo ubushushu ubusuku angehla degrees zero. imvula Little kule nxalenye yelizwe - milimitha amabini okanye ezimakhulu mathathu ngonyaka ngamnye.

Imozulu kwimimandla kumzantsi-ntshona kuyafana lweMeditera Spanish ne nesiFrentshi. Njengomgaqo, ihlobo kushushu kwaye kome ebusika emanzi kunye ifudumele. Lobushushu kulo nyaka iyahluka kancinci.

Flora

I indawo okuyo ka-Australia ngakumbi sezulu lizwe kwakhokelela ekubeni ukwanda izityalo ezomileyo-bothando - iinkozo ezizodwa, neliso nemingampunzi, zomgamtriya kunye nemithi ibhotile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kulo we-12. Of iintlobo zomthonyama th izihluma 9. Ngaba zikho, oko kukuthi, ukuba inokufumaneka kuphela kwilizwekazi phantsi ingqalelo.

namahlathi emvula inxalenye esemntla lizwe ziquka zomgamtriya, namasundu, nemikhiwane kunye ematyholweni ngoqalo. Kwi-Southern zone Amathafa iqela ingaqhelekanga imithi zomgamtriya kunye acacias isambuleli. Phezu komhlaba usasaza iqweqwe ingca zamafu. Kwinxalenye esempuma yelizwe esilawulwa amahlathi, ndimkhathalela sabutropikhi a lot of horsetails zemithi, yefeni kunye nemithi zomgamtriya emide kunye amabini iziqu.

kulona

Izilwanyana lizwe uthathwa ukuba hlawuleka. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba 9/10 kuzo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana zifumaneka kuphela kwilizwekazi Akumangalisi ebizwa Australia. Kangaroo chlamydosaurus, koalas kunye platypuses zifumaneka kuphela kweli lizwekazi. Phakathi izilwanyana ezininzi marsupials (hayi ngaphantsi kwe ikhulu elinamanci mabini iintlobo). Eli lizwe a lot of ilulwane, dingoes nezikrekrethi. Ukongeza, kukho ubomi ezanyisayo iqanda-ngokubekwa, babizwa ngokuba iifosili eziphilayo - echidna kunye platypus.

Ke ukuba ungulates, iinkawu kunye nabameli amaqela amaxhoba, azinayo le nezwe. Kodwa Australia idume inani elikhulu iintaka - emu, cassowaries, izikhwenene cockatoos, amahobe akathweswa sithsaba, medososov iintaka, weentaka abamnyama, iintaka eparadesi kunye Lyrebird. Eyona engaqhelekanga izirhubuluzi - malovane ndyoka-asalidy. Amazing imilambo ohlala yuzhnoavstraliyskih - Queensland Lungfish - lungfish enye lung.

Icebo karhulumente. amaqela ezopolitiko

Australia yimeko federal yepalamente igama elipheleleyo - aManyeneyo Australia. Federation iquka ezintandathu ithi - Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South Western Australia, New South Wales. Ukongeza, phantsi kolawulo Commonwealth na iziqithi Ashmore kunye Cartier, Macdonald Wabeva ngayo. Christmas, Cocos Islands kunye noLwandle Coral.

I-capital Canberra. Eyokuqala ngoJanuwari 1901 eli lizwe yafumana inkululeko, lo gama kwangaxeshanye, nangoku uhlala lilungu British Commonwealth. Lo mthetho isekelwe phezu komthetho oqhelekileyo eNgilani. Day Australia na iholide kazwelonke, uphawula-wesithandathu amabini ka January.

Amandla lolawulo yabelwa lokumkani yaseBritani, iRhuluneli-Jikelele kunye iNkulumbuso, lowo wongamele kwiKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa. IPalamente wabumba iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye House of Representatives.

Phakathi amaqela ezopolitiko ukuba babe ubunzima omkhulu karhulumente, ukubeka Party Australian Democrats Australian wezaBasebenzi, kwaye ekhululekile Party of Australia National Party of Australia.

Economics

State yohlukile uqoqosho phambili kakhulu. Kuba esi salathisi, ke iyathelekiswa namazwe Western aseYurophu. Phakathi kwamasebe zibalulekileyo mboni kwemigodi, intsimbi, imichiza, ukutya kunye ngomatshini. Malunga ezintlanu pesenti GNP ukunika ingeniso evela kwimisebenzi yezolimo. Eyona engundoqo kunye izityalo nerhasi, ingqolowa, iziqhamo kunye umoba. Ndawo yakhulela njengezimvu ehlabathini, njengokuba e-Australia. Ukongeza, kukho lokuvelisa iinkukhu kunye nemfuyo.

Imali yeloo dollar Australian. Phakathi urhwebo - i-US, New Zealand, United Kingdom ne-Japan. mpahla inkulu ehlabathini zengqolowa, uboya yenkomo, lo elithumela yesibini ngobukhulu wenkunzi - nto Australia. Ummandla yelizwekazi lisetyenziswa kwi ubuninzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso loqoqosho olusebenzayo kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu intlalo-ntle yabantu.

zokulondoloza imvelo

Water Resources of Australia ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba sisityebi. ilizwekazi kujongwa - i lawona ehlabathini. Imilambo emikhulu kwilizwekazi akwanelanga. Yintoni ephawulekayo kule nkalo, Australia? Murray River - oku kwemithambo amanzi iphambili kweli lizwe. nemingenela yawo ezinkulu - i iGouldburn, Darling Murrumbidgee. Bona yohlulwe kakhulu abazizityebi nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba ikhephu ezintabeni, kodwa xa kushushu i shallowing ebalulekileyo. Amadama zakhelwe phantse zonke nemingenela. Murray, ecaleni kwabo eziququzelelwe ichibi esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela kwezitiya, amadlelo kunye namasimi.

Eli chibi awukwazi ngokuba imithombo yamanzi yeli lizwe esinzulu, t. To. Ewe becala uneentlenga, curl kunye ezinetyuwa, kodwa Ababehamba amanye amachibi emangalisayo ngoka. Umzekelo, Hiller - eqaqambileyo ichibi elipinki kwi kuMbindi Island siqithi. Umbala angaqhelekanga amanzi kuso siyoze sitshintshe. Izazinzulu asinakufumana ingcaciso yale puzzle. Akukho umdla kangako olulichibi Gippsland ezikhanyayo, e Victoria. Ngo-2008, le ndzo liphezulu ezincinane Noctiluca scintillans (nochesvetok) eyayibhalwe apho. Oku kwaba amila waphawula abahlali balapha kuphela, kodwa umfoti Fil Hart. Le ndoda kwafuneka ulahle rhoqo amatye emanzini ukuze zifake kumphezulu ezikhanyayo yamanzi kuba magciwane chweba engaqhelekanga ukuphendula kanye kwizinto ngaphandle.

Area Australia ngu amabini ekhulwini kuphela ezinamahlathi - ezi zibonelelo kweli lizwe, kakhulu, kancinci. Noko ke, zitsale abahambi ezininzi ngenxa uhlobo yayo engaqhelekanga. Ngamahlathi emvula, zombini kunxweme loLwandle Coral, ayifumanekanga naphi na.

Ubutyebi engundoqo endalo lizwe, Kakade ke, izimbiwa. Ilizwe kakhulu koovimba ehlabathini webauxite kunye zirconium. Ukongeza , eli lizwe ke uranium zemigodi yesibini ngobukhulu kunye namalahle. E Tasmania, wafumanisa iidipozithi platinum. Australia (ku yemephu kumzantsi-ntshona kwelizwekazi) esisityebi ngegolide. Ngomhla kummandla New South Wales iidayimani geni, bismuth, kwistibhiya kunye nickel.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ngomhla bavela kwizinyanya Australian yalapha kuqala bahlalele amane amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ekubeni Australia ayinabantu kwiindawo abasuka kwihlabathi lonke, abantu bomthonyama kufuneka izithethe zonqulo nezenkcubeko ezizodwa. Le lizwekazi yafunyanwa ngama baseYurophu kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII. Eyokuqala yaba umDatshi Yanszon. Ngowe-1605, yena ziwela Gulf of Carpentaria (kunxweme ngentla). Ngenxa kwizikolo ezikude lwengingqi amazwe Australia waqalisa kuphela ngo-1770. Ke Dzheyms Kuk wathabatha ilifa egameni kaKumkani Bay. Kamva, engekude kule ndawo kwakukho isixeko eSydney.

Kude kube 1840, Australia kwimephu ihlabathi urhulumente ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko, kodwa kunokuba indawo lezifundo bathinjwa kumkani yaseBritani, bagwetyelwe yomsebenzi onzima. Ngowe-1850, amathanga basekuhlaleni baba elizimeleyo ngokwentelekiso British Crown, kunye neminyaka elishumi kamva Bakha Commonwealth ezimeleyo Australia. Ilizwe baqala ukuphuhlisa kwi isikripthi sakhe. Noko ke, imbali Australia ixesha elide sele ezinxulumene ne eNgilani. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ulungiselele uncedo ezinabileyo iBritane ngethuba lokuQala nakoLwesibini World Wars.

Australia Time

lizwekazi kujongwa ibekwe kwimimandla ngexesha ezintathu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ehlotyeni e Brisbane kunye Sydney ngaphambi eMoscow iiyure ezintandathu, kwaye e Perth - ezine. ixesha Local e Australia kwakhona iyahluka ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo

iindwendwe ezininzi ezitsalwa kunxweme wasempumalanga lizwe. Eyona ethandwa Gold Coast Irizothi kanye nogu emangalisayo kunye nemiqathango phantse ezilungele bejonga. Abathandi imisebenzi yenkcubeko, kakhulu, akayi ekruqulayo. Umzekelo, kwikomkhulu, ungakwazi ukutyelela Museum of Antiquity Nicholson, Australia Museum kunye National Maritime Museum. Melbourne idume i-National Gallery of Victoria, nantsi i-National Herbarium elidumileyo kunye Royal Botanic Gardens. Zeziphi ezinye izinto Loxwebhu?

• Ingakumbi ethandwa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi Great Barrier Reef. Nguye inkqubo asele eqhubele phambili lezixhobo ehlabathini kwaye ibandakanya ziziqithi 900 neengqaqa ngamnye 2.900 kunye ummandla elipheleleyo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 344.400. Oku kwelikhulu kule ukuyilwa emhlabeni kuyabonakala nokuba evela emajukujukwini. Le ise kuLwandle Coral, waziqhawula iipanele yomntla lizwekazi.
• I Sydney Opera House yaqalwa ngo-1973. Okwangoku, yenye iisimboli ezaziwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Esi sakhiwo ngakumbi njenge inqanawa ngaphandle kwisakhiwo aqhelekileyo zomhlaba.
• E New South Wales Blue Mountains na. Bona akhiwa yelitye lentlabathi neentlambo oluphawulekayo nobunzulu kweemitha ngaphezu asixhenxe anamashumi mahlanu. Isiqalelo, kukho bazibonise yefeni kunye nemithi zomgamtriya. Intaba got igama layo engaqhelekanga ngenxa xi ophezulu mba kumiswe emoyeni oli ezingundoqo, zomgamtriya eyabelwe.
• Emangalisayo, kodwa Kakadu National Park akukho sisikhwenene. Got igama layo ukusuka kwisizwe yasekuhlaleni. Iintlobo kule ndawo ezizodwa zezi mihle: epakini singqongwe emaweni ephezulu kunye kwemiqhele, ukholosile ifihla le paradesi kwihlabathi ngaphandle. Kungenxa yoko le nto kummandla ihlalwa kwezi zilwanyana, ezo akafumaneki naphi na kwi planethi - polulapchatye amarhanisi, Brolga, barramundi kunye nabanye.
• Ukuba ubuhle ezidolophini nto ikhokelele ukuba angathanda kunye Eyokuqiqa ka iipaki zesizwe ekhuselweyo livuselela iinkumbulo nostalgia, yiya kwi Barossa Valley - ummandla iwayini iphambili kweli lizwekazi. Apho uyakwazi ukungcamla neziselo emangalisayo, yaye ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo grand.

Thina siphethe inkcazelo mbaliso Sydney Aquarium. Njengabantu kakhulu e-Australia, yena wahlukile. izakhiwo elikhulu kangako kweli hlabathi akukho ngakumbi; nokuba preview elula ngaphandle ziya kuthatha iiyure ubuncinane emithathu enesiqingatha beme nemiboniso ezininzi. Lo mboniso zohlulwa zayimimandla yi geography - the Great Barrier Reef, Southern noMntla Rivers, iilwandle Southern. Amangeno kule akwariyam akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele, ngenxa yokuba ibekwe emlonyeni Ookrebe ilitye elikhulu ngcono.