North Port kwi Yenisei

Igarka - port ebaluleke kakhulu esezantsi ye Yenisei River. Le ise kummandla Krasnodar, leyo ukususela-1928 kwaye unanamhla ingongoma ephambili angasentla iinqanawa ehlabathini lonke.

umphathi werekhodi leli lizwe

Yenisei River - ikratshi Russia. Wonke umhlali sisetyenziswa kunye negama kulo mzimba wamanzi walithiywa "nguyise." It ophethe indawo isitya yesibini ngobukhulu kweli Russian Federation kunye lwesixhenxe phakathi kweenkqubo inkulu ehlabathini. Le oneribhoni ebhlowu aqukuqela ukusuka ezantsi ukuya entla, kwaye wabelana ijelo kwayo eSiberia ukuya entshona nasempuma.

Imvelaphi umjelo kuthatha asophise Yenisei Omkhulu kunye Njengomncinane, xa elikomkhulu Republic of yaseTuva - Kyzyl. Gqibezela umlambo 3487 km ukusuka kule ndawo, kwi kunxweme loLwandle lweCaspian.

Namhlanje, le nkqubo liziko ngobuchule ibalulekile ekuthuthweni Russian. Wamanzi uye kweshumi marinas mihla. Izibuko yomntla kwi Yenisei River, Igarka, ithatha kwaneenqanawa zaselwandle.

igama eliyimfihlo

Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu ezahlukeneyo ukuba bahloniphe ubukhulu kwalo amanzi. Ngalunye lwemizi, lona lwahlalayo phezu chibi, narekat ngenxa amagama afanayo. Umzekelo, Evenki wamnika igama "Une", gama elo elithetha "amanzi enkulu".

Chum, owayehlala kule mimandla kamva bamkela igama. Kodwa imithetho yabo igama ngayo kwafuneka ukuba ukongeza sexesha ethile. Ngoko ke, ukuba zelinye elithi "Une" (elithetha "umlambo") ujoyine "ses" lweenkobe (nayo kuvakala ngathi "amanzi enkulu"). ngokuba Isiphumo "UNEG", yona inguqulelo ngqo ukusuka iziyelelane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo lithetha "umlambo emlanjeni."

Ngenkulungwane XVI, akukho namnye unako ndiyaqonda ukuba kuya kubakho izibuko elikhulu Yenisei River. Abantu ababehlala kule kumanxweme, ndenzele kuphela nokuloba.

discoverers

Sebenzisa umlambo njengoko wamanzi waqala Cossacks. Kwafika ke ukukhankanywa kuqala ebhaliweyo ukuba yabhalwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Ngowe-1601 Kondraty Kurochkin wenza inkcazo eneenkcukacha kule ndawo.

Xa umsebenzi wakhe, waza waphawula ukuba isiteshi efanelekileyo hayi kuphela lokuloba kodwa ukuthunyelwa. Emva koku, ngasechwebeni lomlambo, omnye emva komnye yaqala ukubonakala zokuhlala. Kwisithuba iminyaka embalwa, nasiphi na isixeko ezisekhoyo. Eyona idumileyo - Yeniseisk kunye Krasnoyarsk. Kukho kwaye zakha ipoti ye-Yenisei River.

ngenkuthalo le mpahla eyenziwe kwiminyaka. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX 26 iinqanawa kudubula phezu komlambo. Kodwa ke amaza aya kuphela zorhwebo kunye neenqanawa impahla. Leeholide phezu ukuqubha kwamanzi amaphenyane excursion, ezo zazakhiwe ukuqhelanisa wonke kunye amangcwaba nohlobo yasekuhlaleni.

Cossacks ngazo nje kuphela ekuqaleni yeshishini nokuhambisa sokuhlambela, kodwa ngenxa ukuqaliswa igama, leyo bexesha lakhe nangoku. ukufuduka Kamva Igama lendawo "UNEG" waqalisa isandi in Russian njenge "Yenisei".

Eyona Intsomi yesixeko

Izibuko yokuqala Yenisei River yakhiwa phantsi kwesikhokelo amandla entsha Soviet. Yokupaka izithuthi ise kwidolophu Igarka.

Imbali yale lali ngokusondeleyo amanzi. Ngesi element, kwaye igama emzini. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, eli lizwe igama lakhe ndizuze emva lexinene, apho ikhona.

Pond, ke, ogama emva umlobi wengingqi Yegor Shiryaev. Le ndoda ubuqaqawuli umzingeli abanezakhono umntu amathamsanqa. Abamelwane wabiza indoda kunye nothando Igarka. Ukuba kuzukiswe umlobi ambalwa yaye waphila, igama lakhe kwathiwa igama lexinene. Nangona ubungqina obubhaliweyo olu guqulelo ayikho, uthando wengingqi le lamandulo.

Lo mhlaba yokuqala ukuvela emephini ku 1725. Iinkcukacha ingqalelo forwarders Strait Fedor Minin kunye Chariton Laptev ngo-1740-m. Ngelo xesha le ntsimi iiyadi nje ezimbalwa.

Indlela waduma

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-150 kamva, oko kukuthi ngowe-1876, abantu baqalisa ukuhlola iNorthern Sea Route. Iinqanawa afika, wazikhulula iimpahla ngqo ebhankini, ngelo xesha wakhonza njenge izibuko ngcono kwi Yenisei River. Ukongezelela ekubeni indawo apho iimpahla balibeka zaba luncedo kangako ukuthuthwa kweempahla, aba imisebenzi ngokunjalo zenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa betshintsha iimpahla ezilahlekileyo emanzini. Kwakukho iimeko xa abathetheli, kwaye silindele ngabahambi kunye amaphenyane umlambo banduluka.

ukwakhiwa port, nto leyo kuthatha iinqanawa ezininzi ezifunekayo. Ngowe-1923 yena waqala kokuba amalinge okuqala ukuphumeza kuyilo. marina Okokuqala wazama ukuba balungiselele e Ust-Port. Ngexesha nokusebenza oomatiloshe babona ukuba indawo alale.

Kamva, bahlela ukuba ukuqalisa ukusebenza in duct Angutinskoy. Kodwa ezi zicwangciso oyisa umthetheli-umkhumbi "Tobol" PF Ocheretko, wacela ukuba akhe izibuko emantla kwi Yenisei e Igarka duct.

Ukususela kwilali ukuya marina kazwelonke

Esi sigqibo wayengekho evele. Mariner waziwa kakuhle yaye ezi nobunzulu amanzi pre-kulinganiswa. Iziphumo, abasamkelayo, bathunyelwa "Sibvodput".

Okulandelayo umsebenzi lweenjineli yaqala. Baye behlola elide ecutheneyo wabanika ingxelo eyakhayo. Emva ukufunda eneenkcukacha projekthi elizayo, iingcali kuya kuvumela ukwakha kufutshane nedolophu Igarka.

Juni 15, 1929 abasemagunyeni wabanika imvume esemthethweni ukwakhiwa. Le projekthi yinxalenye Soviet kwisicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, oluba iminyaka 1928-1932. Ngoko ke lesoeksportny kwizibuko yokuqala enkulu kwi Yenisei wavuswa.

Emva kokuqalisa imisebenzi yokwakha landa inani labantu. Sele 1931 inani yabemi zafikelela 3000. Ngelo xa nto wanikwa iwonga sixeko. Kuba uphuhliso iindawo ezintsha emhlabeni yayalela kwezopolitiko, emkhosini, kunye namanye amabanjwa. Kuba kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezitsha yabo. Pier uye wasebenza kwez umthamo lwezithuthi luyanda minyaka yonke. Iinqanawa ezivela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 ezahlukeneyo ziye balibeka nganeno. Emva koko, isixeko kwizibuko kwi Yenisey umzuzile notoriety masango ulwandle ekhokelela eYurophu.

ixesha yokwehla

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba marina yaqala into lesoeksportny kwi USSR waba izicwangciso amakhulu aloo ndawo. Ngo-1956, urhulumente iphuhlise isicwangciso ukuvelela kuvuselelwa mzi. Le nto yayiza kuba nje kuphela kwiziko emanzini kodwa mveliso.

Ngowe-1962, intlekele e Igarka. umlilo ezoyikekayo wayitshisa amakhulu zezindlu emhlabeni. Sekunjalo, yakhiwa ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Kwisixeko sase iqela iifektri ngenxa processing of kweenkuni. iimveliso zabo batsala iinqanawa ngakumbi nangakumbi kwamanye amazwe. Kumaxesha ngcono, nezibuko elwandle Yenisei singathatha 25 iinqanawa imithwalo emikhulu. Ezinye iimveliso bathunyelwa phantsi ukuqabela emlanjeni.

Ngu umthamo yomsebenzi Igarka esinye isixeko iinqanawa yesibini kuphela - Arkhangelsk.

Ke kaloku isantya le nto isesiswini. 2015 abantu ayifiki 5000, lo gama i-nani bema phantse-20 000 ngo-1989.

Ngaphandle koku, Igarka onokuba nomdla kuzo abakhenkethi.

uhambo oluya kuyo

Khangela emva imiboniso ixesha ukunceda Museum of permafrost, nto leyo imi Krasnoyarsk Territory. Kuyinto isakhiwo kuphela emgodini nzulu emhlabeni zibambene.

Emva ngo-1930, lo mmandla apho ikhoyo namhlanje complex, yaba ilabhoratri yesayensi. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ezizezi-19 Matshi 1965, omnye iiholo kweli ziko liye lavulwa kuluntu. Kwathi inyathelo lukaGqirha Mineralogical Sciences Alexander Pchelintseva.

Eyona nto iyimbalasane kule ezide imiboniso yayo kuphela, yaye inkqubo yokungeniswa kwazo. Onke amagumbi zisendaweni kubunzulu oziimitha ezili-14. Ngaloo lobushushu isusela ku -5 ukuya degrees -60. udonga Sectioned - a imiyalezo enkonkxiweyo ukusuka ngaphambili. Bagciniwe ngokupheleleyo amagqabi kunye nemithi eyavela emhlabeni malunga-50 000 eyadlulayo.

Port kwi Yenisei ukuya Museum of permafrost Isenokumxelela ngembali ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Njani kulo mhlaba baba ngabantu bokuqala ekwakheni indlela thanga, njani omnye marinas inkulu, abakhokeli angakuxelela ngokweenkcukacha. Kukho imiboniso ukuba ukubalisa ibali buhlungu zocindezelo nentshutshiso kwezopolitiko esixekweni.

Abakhenkethi abahambela le imyuziyam, uyakwazi ukuyiphatha elidlulileyo elikude.