Isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwabantu. Iintlobo zezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo

Isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo sibizwa ngokuba yi tonometer. Kukho uxinzelelo lwegazi lokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nezixhobo ezilinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo bancedisi bokuqala kumntu ojongene noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye iingxaki ze-ophthalmologic.

Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha imilinganiselo kunye neentlupheko zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa.

Kutheni kufuneka ulinganise uxinzelelo lwegazi ekhaya?

Ukuba ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphazamiseka ngenxa yezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesifo senhliziyo, isigulane sidinga ukulawula rhoqo phezu kwengcinezelo yomsinga.

Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ekhaya kuya kunceda zombini isigulane kunye nokuya kwakhe kugqirha ukuze alandele utshintsho kwizalathisi kulo lonke usuku. Ugqirha, usebenzisa irekhodi lemilinganiselo, uya kukwazi ukuchonga ukusebenza kwamachiza asetyenziswayo. Isixhobo esifanayo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi siya kuvumela ukuthatha isisombululo esifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo ekupheliseni inkathazo yexinzelelo, kwaye ke, khusela kwisifo esongelayo, ngelixa uphepha "ingubo emhlophe yengubo", ekungenakukhunjulwa kwinqanaba likagqirha kwaye unokwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ziziphi izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi?

Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula izinga lexinzelelo kwimithanjeni yegazi, i-tonometer, i-othomatic, okanye i-tonometers ezizenzekelayo. Ngamnye wabo unobuncwane kunye nokungahambi.

I-tonometer ye-mechanical ine-sensor engakwazi ukuyijonga ngokujonga itololo ehamba kwi-dial. Ingxobo yale fowuni iqhotyoshelwe phezulu kwesandla, kufuphi negalelo. Iqukethe itanki yomoya kwaye igxothwe ngesandla, isebenzisa ipayipi yerabha.

Isixhobo sokucwangcisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngokubambileyo kubathengi, kubonisa izikhombisi ezichanileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kuncinci kunezinye iikhompyutha.

Indlela yokusebenzisa i tonometer yomatshini

Kodwa, ngelishwa, i tonometer engumatshini ingaba nzima ukuyisebenzisa, kuba le fowuni yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi idinga izakhono ezithile kunye nokuva okulungileyo kumsebenzisi. Ukuze i-tonometer ye-mechanical, ukusetyenziswa kwe-phonendoscope kuyadingeka, ngoxa uncedo oluye lwaphulaphulwa.

I-Fonendoscope ifakwe kwisitya kwi-bend bend. Ngokukhawuleza uyifake umoya kwi-cuff nge peyari, ukuya kwi-180 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. Okanye ama-30 amanqaku aphezulu ngaphezu kokusebenza kwangoko kweso sixhobo. Emva koko, ukhulula i-valve kwipey, ukhulule ngokukhawuleza umoya kwi-cuff (nge-airplane esheshayo awuyi kukwazi ukucacisa uxinzelelo).

Ngokukhawuleza xa igazi liqala ukugeleza kwimibhobho, kukho isandi esixakayo - ngeli xesha, kufuneka uqaphele idijithi yokuqala kwi-sensor. Ibonisa uxinzelelo lwe-systolic (phezulu). Ngethuba xa isandi sinyamalalala, qaphela enye idijithi enye - yiyo i-diastolic (ngaphantsi) uxinzelelo.

Ukuba ufuna ukuphinda umlinganiselo, thatha ikhefu imizuzu 2-3.

Yintoni ongayenza ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi

Kodwa ukuba yakho, eyona nto ifanelekileyo, ifowuni yokulinganisa ingcinezelo ibonise inani elichanekileyo, kufuneka ugcine imithetho emibini jikelele.

1. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale inkqubo yokulinganisa, musa ukunyanga, ungadli okanye ungaseli iziphuzo ezinokusetyenziswa kwe-caffeine okanye utywala, ubuncinane ubunesiqingatha seyure ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Akufanele ushiye, nangenxa yokuba le nkqubo inokuphazamisa idatha.
2. Zama ukukhupha i-bladder.
3. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkqubo, phumla malunga nemizuzu engama-5, kwaye ukuba unomdla okanye wenza umzamo wemizimba, ukuphumla kufuneka kudlule ubuncinane imizuzu engama-15.
4. Musa ukuthetha ngexesha loxinzelelo.
5. Yinakekele ukuba i-sleeve yengubo ayiyi kuwela phantsi kwe-cuff.
6. Thatha indawo ekhululekile. Musa ukuwela imilenze yakho, umqolo wakho uncike emacaleni akho emva kwesihlalo.
7. Uxinzelelo kufuneka kulinganiswe ngesandla esinye. Beka etafileni okanye kwi-armrest kwaye musa ukuhambisa.
8. Xa ulinganisa uxinzelelo kwisandla, kuyadingeka ukuba uphakamise ingalo egobile kwi-elbow kwinqanaba lentliziyo.
9. Ingqayi ejikelezileyo ingalo kufuneka ihlanganiswe ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba kufuneka ibekwe kufuphi nephahla, qiniseka ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane be-3 cm ye-space phakathi kwe-elbow kunye ne-cuff.

Ukuba isiphumo soxinzelelo luloyikisayo, cwaka kwaye ulinganise kwakhona emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kufunyaniswa ukuba yonke into ayesabi njengoko yayibonakala kumlinganiselo wokuqala. Yaye qiniseka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ngoxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-180/120 mm Hg. Ubugcisa, Ufuna unyango olunyanzelekileyo!

Kutheni ufuna ukuphinda ulinganise uxinzelelo lwexesha eliqela kumqolo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphumo sokuqala emva kokulinganisa uxinzelelo sixhaswa, ngenxa yokuba ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqho kweengalo ngentsimbi, imithwalo yegazi ikhuphuka ngokungathandabuzeki kwithoni. Ngako oko, isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwabantu sisetyenziswe kakuhle ngamaxesha ama-3 ngokulandelana kwesinye isandla, ngexesha elincinci. Ukuba izibonakaliso zesilinganiselo sesibini nesithathu ziphantse kunokwenzeka, ke ezi zibalo zoxinzelelo lwakho. Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwexabiso akuqwalaselwanga, lilinganisa amaxesha angama-8 (kunye nokuphazamiseka) de ufumane ukuphindaphinda okuzinzile. Ezi manani ziya kuba zichanekileyo.

Ngendlela, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthenga, qinganisa uxinzelelo kwizandla zombini. Yaye xa kukho enye yeyona nto iphakamileyo, ke le nyathelo ilandelayo.

Njani isisombululo sokwenza uxinzelelo oluzenzekelayo kwaye luzenzekelayo?

Isixhobo esisisigxina kunye nesigxina esisisigxina sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwabantu kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukwenza oku, vele ubeke ingxowa yakho engalo kwaye cinezela iqhosha elithi "Qala". Ikhuphe iya kuqala ukuzithobela yona. Enyanisweni, kwiidivaysi ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo kufuneka zifakwe ngepayipi. Kodwa ukusebenzisa i-phonendoscope kumabini omabini akufuneki ngokupheleleyo, ekubeni i-sensor ye-elektroniki, eyakhelwe kwi-cuff, ngokwayo iyakuqonda ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye ivakalise izigqibo. Iziphumo zomlinganiselo wexinzelelo zibonakala kwikrini.

Kukho zombini iifowuni ezizenzekelayo, i-cuff yayo ekhoyo kwisikristeni, kunye nalabo apho ikhonkco iqhotyoshelweyo ngaphezu kwelokwe.

Ngendlela, xa ukhetha idivaysi, kufuneka uhlale uqwalasela ubungakanani bekhopu. Ekubeni xa kwenzeka ukuba yinto encinci, ifowuni inokugqithisa izikhombisi, kunye ne-cuff enkulu - phantsi kwayo.

Indlela yokukhetha i tonometer ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokuphucula ukusebenzisa, abathengi bakhetha i-device-automatic automation measurement device. Banokuthengwa kuwo onke amayeza, kodwa nokho akufanele ugijime.

Okokuqala, cinga malunga naziphi na iindidi zezixhobo ezilungele kuwe. Qinisekisa, njengoko kuthethwe ngaye, qwa lasela ubungakanani bekhopu. Ziza ngamanani amathathu:

• S (encinane, ukuya kwi-22 cm);
• M (phakathi, ukuya kwi-32 cm);
• L (ezinkulu, ukuya kwi-45 cm).

Cinga ngomboniso: amanani kuwo kufuneka afumaneke kwaye acace kakuhle. Buza umthengisi ukuba lichanekile kangakanani le modeli ye tonometer.

Ngaba kukho iiphene kwiitomometer ezizenzekelayo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuzenzekelayo kuququzelele kakhulu inkqubo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo, kodwa izixhobo ezinjalo zinokungaphumeleli. Ayikho ichanekileyo, afuna ukulinganiswa kwamagunya kwiziko ezizodwa zeenkonzo, kwaye ixabiso lawo liphezulu kakhulu kunokuba i-tonometers yomatshini, ngaphezu koko, ikhonza ngaphantsi kweendlela ezibizwa ngokuba zixhobo.

Isixhobo soombane sokwenza uxinzelelo luxhaswa ngamabhetri, kwaye amandla abo akwanele ukudala uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko kwixesha elide. Njengomthetho, oku akukho nje kuphela ukuba iibhetri zihlala phantsi - idivayisi ngokwayo ihlawuleza ngokukhawuleza.

Nangona ungayifumani ngokoqobo. Iimonometer ezizenzekelayo kunye ne-semiautomatic zamanje zingaphelela iminyaka emininzi, kodwa abafana babo bazobe beqaphele uxinzelelo lwegazi ixesha elide.

Ziziphi izixhobo zokulinganisela uxinzelelo ezingcono?

Kwiimarike zeetonometers, ezi ziwayo namhlanje zixhobo zeenkampani "Omron", "Microlife", kwaye "NA". Ezi zixhobo ezichanekileyo, ezizinzileyo nezilula ukusetyenziswa kwiJapan, eSwitzerland nase-USA kunye neminyaka emininzi ephethe umthi wesundu kule ntsimi. Yiyiphi yala ma-tonometers okhethayo, kufike kuwe, kuba phakathi kwezidweliswe, idivaysi nganye yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lweengxelo iphezulu kakhulu.

Uphi uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular

Ukuphakanyiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunokuchaphazela imeko yamehlo ethu. Kuvela ukuba ngexinzelelo lwegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi kwiinqanawa ezincinci, eziza kubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo lwe-intraocular (eziphambene ne-capillaries) kwiindonga zamehlo. Oku kwandisa ingcinezelo ngaphakathi kwiso.

Uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular yithoni edalwe ngokunyuka nokuphuma kwe-fluid ngaphakathi kwamehlo. Iimpawu zayo eziqhelekileyo zivela kwi-16 ukuya kwi-24 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. Ngenxa yempilo yabantu, zombini uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi ngaphakathi kwiso (glaucoma) kunye nezantsi (hypotension) yingozi.

Isixhobo sesimanje sokulinganisa ixinzelelo kweso sivumela ukuba senze oku ngaphandle kokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwisigulane, nangona ukwenziwa kwezempilo yaseRashiya kusetyenziswa i tonometer yeMakkov, izigulane ezingazithandiyo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular lungakanani

Ukuze ulinganise uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular ngoncedo lwe-tonometer ekhankanyiweyo ngasentla, emva kwenkqubo ye-aneshesia, izisindo ezenziwe ngokugqithisiweyo zibekwe kwiziko lesibini kweso sigulane. Impendulo yabo iyalinganiswa kwaye ihlaziywe.

Le fowuni yokulinganisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular idinga ukucinywa komzimba kunye nolwazi olungileyo kwi-ingcali eqhuba le nkqubo. Ngendlela, kunyanzelekile ukuba ufake i-disinfectant emehlweni kwaye emva kokulinganisa.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwabasetyhini ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular kuvame ukuphakama kunokwesini esinamandla. Ukongezelela, iindleko zokunyuka kwengcinezelo kunye nobudala. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intraocular lube ngumqondiso we-glaucoma okanye umqondiso wendlela yokuphuhliswa kwayo.

Indlela yokungaqhagamshelana yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi

Ngokungafani ne-tonometer ye-Maklakov, i-tonometer engenakunxibelelwano ayifaki ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kuba ngexesha le nkqubo akukho mfuneko yokuyichukumisa nge-cornea. Ukongezelela, isistim esingabandakanyeki sokulinganisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular sisetyenziswe ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia.

Uxinzelelo usebenzisa le fowuni lilinganiswa ngekhendi, ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye akukho mva. Yaye inqubo ingenziwa ngumguli ngokwakhe, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Enyanisweni, le fowuni ayifanelekile abo baneenkcaso kwi-ijwabu leso, ukuvuvukala okanye naluphi na ukuphofiswa kwale nxalenye yeso. Ungayisebenzisi le fowuni kunye ne-conjunctivitis okanye imeko enzima ye-sclera.

Indlela yamazwe ngamazwe okulinganisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular

Ngendlela, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ukunyamezela kwamehlo kunokunika kunye nezibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela kwiingxabano phakathi kwabaxhasi beli qhinga okanye lobu buchule.

Ngoko, kwindlela yamazwe ngamazwe, kude kube ngoku, i-tonometry echanileyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-Goldman ithathwa njengento. Le ndlela yokulinganisa isekelwe ekuqwalaseleni ukuba yintoni imfuneko efunekayo ukucwangcisa i-cornea yamehlo ngamanqanaba alinganayo (yi-3.06 mm). Isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwabantu silinganiselwe ngendlela yokuba ukufundwa kwamandla ayo kuboniswa kwisikali esiphelele.

Ugqirha ukhokela ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwimeko yesigulane kwaye ubona le nxalenye ngeso silindili seplastiki, esithintela i-cornea. Ngaphambi koku, idayi ekhethekileyo (i-fluorescein) ifakwe kwisikhwama esihlangeneyo, apho, xa i-cornea ichukumisa inzwa, ishintshelwe emacaleni. Ugqirha ngexesha elifanayo ubona i-cylinder-microscope iimimirings ezikhanyayo. Kuye, ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-IOP, kuyimfuneko ukulinda ukuxhamla kwendawo yangaphakathi yeendandatho zesigxina esingaphantsi nangaphantsi, ngelixa ulungiswa kwisilinganisi somxinzelelo. Isiqhelo kule milinganiselo isuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-21 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.

Yiyiphi i-tonometry ebhalwe kwiStolz

Nge-tonometry ngokweStolz, izibonakaliso zithathwe kumaqela amaninzi kweso ngalinye lesigulane. Ugqirha ngoku okuchukumisayo uthinte i-cornea, ukugqiba izinga le-IOP ngokuxinwa kwengcinezelo yentonga yecandelo elihamba phambili. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukucofa kuviwa emva nje kokufunda kuqala. Kwaye emva kwesalathisi sesandi, ungabona idatha ephakathi kwenkxalabo ye-intraocular ekuboniseni.

Kukho isisombululo sokwenza umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-intraocular

Ukuba isigulane sitholwa ngokuba ne-glaucoma, kufuneka ihlolwe umphumo weeyeza kunye nokufunda kwe-IOP ekhaya. Kule nto, kuya kuncedwa yisistim esekelwe kwisilinganiselo se-ricochet yoxinzelelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo akufuneki ukuhlahlela i-anesthesia okanye izakhono ezizodwa, kuba i-sensor ichukumisa kuphela i-cornea ngokukhawuleza.

I tonometer inezinto ezimbini zokuxhasa ezinokulungiswa, kunye ne-LED indicator. Isixhobo esicacisiwe sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwabantu sibonisa imida engqongqo ye-11 kunye nohlu lwe-5 ukuya kuma-50 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. Ukuba uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwiso liphakamileyo, ifowuni inika izibonakaliso zokulumkisa. Enye inzuzo kukuba umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulelekile, kuba i-tonometer inezinzwa ezilahlayo.