Isixhobo lokuqala yokugcina ulwazi. yokugcina idatha yomlando

Ulwazi ebesoloko ekho, kwaye nazi okuninzi malunga kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo kungokuba abantu baye bafunda kobo ayidlulisele.

Ekuqaleni, bawela ulwazi ngelizwi lomlomo, ukutshintsha rhoqo naye engathandi. Kodwa kamva nokulahlwa uluntu kukho iimpawu ezifana ngokuzoba nokubhala. Yintoni ukuthetha ubugcisa eliphezulu yanamhlanje ekwaziyo ukugcina terabytes zolwazi.

Ukanti isixhobo yokugcina ulwazi yokuqala - yinto ngesandla sabantu lokoqobo yeli gama. Yonke le nto yaqala ngemizobo mqolomba.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ukususela kumaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, abantu baqalisa ukuba abhale ezi ziganeko. Oku kungenziwa ngokuba ekuqaleni kwexesha elithile ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-10 amawaka BC. Ngomhla iindonga emiqolombeni kunye nabantu iliwa ezotywe izilwanyana, izigcawu ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya, izixhobo ngayo ababehlala othathe.

Ngaba abantu namhlanje kunzima ukuthi, abhalwe ngabom sele imbali, okanye nje ukuhombisa iindonga ezindlwini zabo ngemizobo. Noko ke, ngenxa yalo, oosonzululwazi bafunde okuninzi ngobomi kwezo iinkulungwane, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, siye safunda kunye.

yokubhala

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwinkulungwane 7 BC, indlela entsha zokurekhodisha iinkcukacha - ngoonobumba. Iveliswe amacwecwe odongwe ezizodwa, kwaye ngoxa efumileyo, babephatha imibhalo nemizobo. Emva koko, ukuba immortalize kubo, umonakalo calcined ngo wakwaMowabhi.

Ezi ndlela baqala ukuza, ngenxa inkumbulo yabantu ayinakuthenjwa. Ukugcina ulwazi lwalo lwasekuqaleni, undistorted wagqiba ukusebenzisa le ndlela, niphakamise igumbi ekhethekileyo kwezi tablets. Amathala eencwadi yokuqala bazaliswa nje amacwecwe odongwe enjalo. Umzekelo, kwithala leencwadi Ashurbanipal (Ninevia) eziqulethwe iilebhile ezahlukeneyo malunga-30 000.

ERoma yamandulo, malunga ngexesha elifanayo usebenzise indlela efanayo - iipleyiti ngomthi isale wax abeBala phambili into etsolo (ngosiba) isicelo ulwazi ababhali.

ezazingaphambi iphepha

E Egypt yamandulo, malunga BC yesi-3, safunda ukwenza papyrus. Kamva obu bugcisa kwalutyhutyha lonke lweMeditera.

Kuba nokuveliswa yeengcongolo ezisetyenzisiweyo nezityalo Sedge yosapho. Ilebhile ipeni okhethekileyo. Yaba isixhobo yokugcina ulwazi kuqala, okanye mandithi isicelo wayo carrier, ethi isetyenziswe kule mini.

Xa BC ngenkulungwane 2 kwakukho elinye iphepha-analogu - ngesikhumba. Ngokuthe ngcembe, nokwazeka njenge ngqangi ethembekileyo athathelwe ekusetyenzisweni. Kuba okokuqala waqala ukwenza kwisixeko lasePergamo, apho umcimbi kunye isihloko njengeyabo. Izikhumba - abanxibe lesikhumba izilwanyana nedublonaya (iigusha, iinkomo neebhokhwe).

Ngelo xesha ceba i-inki zihlambeke yamanzi, nokuba bathe babeka phezu izikhumba, ukuba asuswe kwaye ufake neelebhile ezintsha. Enye inzuzo ngesikhumba lwanikwa ithuba ukubhala macala omabini.

Iphepha lokuqala

Ngokutsho amanqaku ngembali, iphepha yokuqala ukuvela e China ngexesha BC 2-1 leminyaka. nobuchwepheshe Distributed iye Bulelani-Arabhu, yaye kuphela AD 8-9 kwinkulungwane th, phambi kokuba iqhutyelwa ntembeko ingqongqo.

Ukanti enye indlela umdla yokugcina idatha Elm (lo topsheet ezinde tree). Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengoko iphepha eRashiya wabonakala kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-16.

Ubuchwepheshe lokuqala mveliso

Ukugcinwa yokuqala sisixhobo ilixa kuphuhliso lwezamazhishini uqoqosho lwehlabathi - eli khadi.

Ngowe-1804, Zhozef Mari Jacquard wasungula ikhadi punch, leyo esetyenziselwa bakhe yomluki ukucacisa ngendlela entsonkothileyo kwi amalaphu. Kodwa njengoko isixhobo yokugcina abayisebenzisayo ceba Herman Hollerith, ngubani yaphakanyiswa ukuba abhale iinkcukacha ngazo yi-US Census ngo-1890.

Kamva le ndlela iguqulwe kancincane kwi tape ngamanqindi ebisetyenziselwe ukuthumela ucingo.

Uhlobo kazibuthe abathwali

Kule 50 zenkulungwane yama-20, kukho tape nosiba ukuze iikhompyutha yokuqala. Yafika cassette ebhalwe kuzo umculo. Le iteknoloji saa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Malunga nelo xesha, idiski nosiba lwalusele yasungulwa. Development ungowabantu IBM.

Ngowe-1969, kukho idiski floppy (floppy diski).

Technology asetyenziswa namhlanje

ikhompyutha hard drive yaphuhliswa ngo-1956. Kwaye oku sesona sixhobo kakhulu yokuqala yokugcina ulwazi olusetyenziswe kude kube namhlanje. Kakade ke, imbonakalo yakhe eyahlukileyo ukusuka eyaziwa kuthi namhlanje. Sekunjalo, lo bugcisa isasetyenziswa nangoku ngokubanzi kwaye uyaqhubeka ukuphuhlisa ixesha elide lithe laqhenqetha kwihlabathi jikelele.

Kukho kwakhona abaphathwayo kwaye abasusekayo eendaba, afana CD- kunye DVD-drives, USB-Flash-Drives.

ubuchwepheshe Nokuba entsha - yokugcina efini apho, sidalwe Internet. Ngoku ulwazi lwakho zonke ziya kufumaneka kuwe kuyo nayiphi na ingongoma, akukho mfuneko yokuba ithwale nantoni na ngaphandle PC okanye efowuni.

ukugcinwa Imbali datha ifaka kwakhona eninzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo eziye zafunyanwa ukuba ninganqeni, sele nganto.

Iinkcukacha ngamnye kuthi

imizimba yethu igcina ulwazi. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Loo DNA kwaye linoxanduva ukugcina ulwazi yemfuza emizimbeni yethu, kunye nokudluliselwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yophuhliso aphilayo. Ngaphezu koko, i-DNA ayikho kubantu kuphela kodwa izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.