Mthetho, State kunye nomthetho
Iimveliso umphakathi ebalulekileyo. Ndiwise umthetho Government on ezityiwa ukutya
Umphakathi kubaluleke iimveliso - bona ezifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Kwinqanaba lowiso, musani kuphela uluhlu kubo, kodwa yindlela amaxabiso le. Ngenxa oguqukayo ipateni yentlalo uluhlu mveliso kwandiswa kwaye contracted.
Njani kolu luhlu?
Uluhlu, equka imveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni, wadala kumgangatho karhulumente kunye kumGaqo-mthetho. Olu luhlu kwasekwa umva ngo-2010. Ukususela ngoko, ukuba ukongeza kuyo izinto ezithile. Noko ke, ngenxa abathengi abaninzi, umbuzo uhlala njani ezo zintlu zithathwa up.
Lo msebenzi onikwe kwiinkonzo zentlalo. Uhlalutyo kwi kwisifundo apho iimveliso ezifunwa kakhulu kwiimarike, noobhazabhaza beevenkile kunye nezinye iindawo neevenkile. Ngenxa yoko, iba uluhlu inkcazelo, equka izinto ezibalulekileyo eluntwini. Umsebenzi karhulumente ukwenza olu didi iimveliso ifikeleleka kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba onke amacandelo labemi nokuntinga kwamaxabiso.
Iimveliso entlalweni Kubalulekile: uluhlu
Kwinqanaba lowiso, uluhlu lwempahla, ixabiso nomgangatho kufuneka bagadwe ngeliso elibukhali. It is a imveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Uluhlu iimpawu zinikwe kule theyibhile ingezantsi.
| inombolo | igama | feature |
| 1 | yenkomo | Ngaphandle inyama sidlo |
| 2 | yehagu | |
| 3 | imvana | |
| 4 | inkukhu | Ngaphandle nezinto ezidliwayo kwaye hams |
| 5 | fish wavuma | yayinjalo |
| 6 | ubisi | Wonke kwiindawo, amafutha 2.5% |
| 7 | ibhotolo | Umxholo amanqatha 72,5% |
| 8 | amafutha kajongilanga | - |
| 9 | tea | baikhovi abamnyama |
| 10 | umgubo | ingqolowa kuphela |
| 11 | rye | Akukho ongeziweyo ukutya kunye nezinye ubumdaka |
| 12 | isonka, ingqolowa | |
| 13 | amaqanda | isigaba sokuqala |
| 14 | sugar | Udondolo, beet, sucrose ecocekileyo kwifomu esiqinileyo |
| 15 | ityuwa | ukupheka itshe |
| 16 | irayisi | umjikelo olukhazimlisiweyo |
| 17 | sasidla | - |
| 18 | buckwheat | |
| 19 | vermicelli | Akukho ongeziweyo ukutya kunye nezinye ubumdaka |
| 20 | amazambane | - |
| 21 | ikhaphetshu | ikhaphetshu |
| 22 | iminqathe | - |
| 23 | anyanisi | napiform |
| 24 | apples | iintlobo yasekhaya |
utshintsho elizayo
Uluhlu kweemveliso ezibalulekileyo eluntwini atshintsha rhoqo. Amanye amagama zinyamalale kuluhlu, ngelixa abanye ukongeza kuyo. Kutsha nje, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Industry ochaphazelekayo malunga nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ikofu. Ngenxa yokuba kakhulu yonyuke kakhulu ukunikezelwa kwixabiso abathengi lokugqibela lenyuka nge 40% kunyaka. Ngoko ke, kukho isindululo ukwenza imveliso kwi uluhlu lwe ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni ukuze abe nako ngumkhenkce ixabiso kwimeko yokukhula ezingalawulekiyo.
Amaxabiso kwimveliso ezibalulekileyo eluntwini
Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo karhulumente ukwenza iindlela zokuqinisekisa impahla zikarhulumente ezifikelelekayo kunye nomgangatho. Izikhombisi eziphambili, ezo ezichazwe iimveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni ukutya, - ixabiso. Ngokutsho izifundo manani zakutsha nje, imeko kwimarike elilandelayo.
| inombolo | igama | inombolo | Ixabiso (in engange Russian) | ||
| minimum | Central | max. | |||
| 1 | yenkomo | 1 kg | 250 | 285 | 320 |
| 2 | yehagu | 190 | 245 | 300 | |
| 3 | inkukhu | 112 | 122,74 | 141 | |
| 4 | fish wavuma | 42.6 | 68,43 | 82.8 | |
| 5 | ubisi | 1 l | 27 | 32,87 | 39.5 |
| 6 | ibhotolo | 1 kg | 266,6 | 337,63 | 444,8 |
| 7 | amafutha kajongilanga | 1 l | 63 | 77,29 | 86 |
| 8 | tea | 200 g | 51,4 | 64,7 | 72 |
| 9 | umgubo | 1 kg | 18.1 | 23,73 | 26.6 |
| 10 | rye | 1 pc. | 20.1 | 22,77 | 25,5 |
| 11 | isonka, ingqolowa | 15 | 16,21 | 19.8 | |
| 12 | amaqanda | 10-PC. | 41 | 49,78 | 53.9 |
| 13 | sugar | 1 kg | 43 | 49,6 | 54 |
| 14 | ityuwa | 7.6 | 9 | 8,47 | |
| 15 | irayisi | 0.8 kg | 36 | 40,67 | 48 |
| 16 | buckwheat | 49,9 | 52,83 | 56,1 | |
| 17 | vermicelli | 1 kg | 28 | 35,63 | 42.5 |
| 18 | amazambane | 10.6 | 13.3 | 17 | |
| 19 | ikhaphetshu | 9.5 | 12,82 | 16 | |
| 20 | iminqathe | 13.2 | 14,98 | 17.4 | |
| 21 | anyanisi | 14.9 | 17,36 | 19.9 | |
| 22 | apples | 59,9 | 70,56 | 96 | |
A kangako maxabiso
Okuphoxayo kukuba, umba amaxabiso yeemveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni ukutya nangoku uvuliwe. Noko ke, Ndiwise umthetho Urhulumente iseka imiqathango ethile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngaphakathi inyanga ixabiso iqela yorhwebo othile ukuba akhule nge-30% okanye ngaphezulu, abasemagunyeni freeze iintsuku ezingamashumi asithoba kummandla yonke Russian Federation okanye iingingqi ezithile. Ngeli xesha iya kuqhutywa uhlolo ezizodwa ukuqinisekisa izizathu oku kukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
izisombululo ezithembisayo
Umba ulawulo lwemo amaxabiso wavuswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa isigqibo esinye mba kodwa akukho. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba useke ezinye uhlobo amaxabiso yophahla imveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. USt kungenzeka ukuba owona isixhobo umda. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kwempahla oko kuyohluka-20 ukuya kuma-30%. Kulo mzekelo, akucacanga ukuba uya kusetyenziswa ixabiso umenzi okanye iindleko lehoseyile.
Ngokwesiseko lo mthetho uqulunqwayo "Xa ummiselo isiseko imo imisebenzi yorhwebo", ukuba uthi, mhlawumbi, ukuba imida kwentlawulo engaphezulu iya kuqaliswa imveliso ngumenzi ethile. Ngaphezu koko, isabelo sayo market kufuneka ubuncinane 15%. Kucetywa ukuba aqalise kumgaqo karhulumente isithuba seentsuku ezingama-180.
Ezinye izithintelo kunokwenzeka
Ezinye masekela ezicetywayo izilungiso kuMthetho Federal "Xa ummiselo isiseko imo imisebenzi yorhwebo kwi Russian Federation." Ngokuhambelana ngayo eludinini lininzi ukufundisa zokutya essentials akufuneki igqithe-15%. Lo mkhwa lweengxaki zomxhaso amaqela imveliso ngamnye isagquba ehlabathini. iinkqubo ezinjalo zisebenza e Austria, eNorway, Denmark kunye namanye amazwe ngempumelelo.
Ukungabikho kwindlela inxaxheba kurhwebo lwasemakhaya kukhokelela kukuba eludinini yi-avareji-50% yaye ifikelela 100% kwezinye iimeko. Thelekisa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli nani awudluli-25% kwi-EU. Kwaye ke umboleki wayeqinisekile ukuba akazange ukulahlekiswa, kucetywa ukuba awanyanzele umthengisi ukuba ukhankanye isiphelo ecaleni ixabiso impahla yexabiso lakhe lokuthenga.
oosomashishini umbono
Oosomashishini babe mabango kakuhle elasungulwa abasemagunyeni. Ziqulethe kule yokuba ukuzama ukulawula amaxabiso ezithile zokutya, amagosa ucinga komhlaba. Ngoko ke, musa ukuthatha ingqalelo ukunyuka rhoqo kwamaxabiso amafutha kunye energy izixhobo. Kwaye malunga nesi sithembiso oosomashishini kwindawo yokuqala ukunika nempembelelo karhulumente kumashishini eme njengecebo. Oku kuvumela abarhwebi ukufumana yenzuzo nentlawulo eyongezelelweyo encinane.
uluvo lwabantu
Uninzi lwabantu Russian babephila kumaxesha Soviet, xa ubuninzi eludinini ngemiyinge -12%, yaye ukuba kukho iimpahla ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni - 8%. Kucacile ukunganeliseki sandayo kunye nexabiso langoku lweemveliso zokutya. Kulo mba, kwisiza "nyathelo loluntu Russian" sathathwa emva isindululo ukunciphisa imida zorhwebo.
| umthengisi | ixabiso base | imajini obukhulu |
| Umenzi zempahla ekrwada | leendleko zokuzivelisa | 40% |
| elilondoloza inkukuma | Kwixabiso lokuthengisa eluhlaza nezinto umenzi | 15% |
| umbutho bhaza | Kwixabiso lokuthengisa yomvelisi impahla | 10% |
| lwezezimali | Kwixabiso lokuthengisa yomvelisi iimpahla okanye umhambisi lehoseyile | 15% |
| Umbutho we catering |
inkinga eqhamileyo
Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, iimveliso ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni kufuneka ifumaneke kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu. Oku kuthetha ithengise embundwini esweni rhoqo ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka siqonde ukuba nokufumaneka umgangatho ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ukuba ahlawule. Kwi imveliso iishelfu ubunzima ukuba inani lwamabala bengafanele ukutyiwa. Kwaye oku nangona urhulumente zembuyekezo iindleko zemveliso kwiindidi ezithile iimpahla anikiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, ayikho nje umbuzo yolawulo yexabiso; kodwa ke esweni umgangatho rhoqo.
Iimveliso non-ukutya
Nangona ukubaluleka lulawulo lwexabiso ukutya asifanele, bakhohlwe indima izinto ezingezizo ukutya. Kude kube kutshanje (hayi kodwa liyilungisile mthetho) ukuya ebonakalayo ekuhlaleni ziquka izincedisi yasendlini:
- soap;
- isepha ilondolo;
- amabala;
- samazinyo;
- kunye nebrashi zokuhlamba amazinyo;
- iireyiza;
- izinto ofisi (iipeni, iipensile kunye zokubhalela);
- izincedisi bokuthunga (womsonto inaliti);
- ekhanyisa isibane cingwana (60 W);
- zokulala;
- sangaphantsi.
imikhuba emibi
Amaxabiso zempahla ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni lukhula chu. Ngenxa yokungabikho-sikhokelo zolawulo olusebenzayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula le imikhuba emibi zilandelayo:
- ukuthengwa kweempahla onganeno kunye mbumbulu;
- endaweni iimveliso zasekhaya itshiphu nesuka kwiindawo zangaphandle;
- inkanuko labemi kuqoqosho, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala iinkqubo kwicandelo zemali.
isiphelo
Okwangoku, ingxaki yemveliso ezibalulekileyo eluntwini ezihambe ngurhulumente ayikho kubunzulu ngokwaneleyo. Nangona isibakala sokuba kumphakamo lwemithetho lilibekile uluhlu kubo, kungekho manyathelo ezithile ukuze alawule amaxabiso phezu kwabo yophahla olo abhalwe kuzo. Okwangoku yonke into ekukuyo iindleko, kunye namalinge oluntu. Kulo mba, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo amava amazwe ngamazwe. Kwakhona, musa ukulibala ukuba uphuhliso ngezenzo zomthetho emisiweyo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje izilangazelelo umboleki lokugqibela, kodwa oosomashishini.
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