Isivuno zamazambane ukusuka ha 1. kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa Potato. Imihlanganisela (ifoto emileyo)

Ixabiso le sityalo eRashiya kunzima ukuba zazi. Iitapile - emifuno kakhulu siyaphela kwilizwe lethu. 120-130 kg ngomntu ngamnye ngonyaka - umzobo ebalulekileyo, kunye nokuveliswa neetapile, siya yesibini kuphela China. Le inkcubeko sobuchule leyo eqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukhuseleko lokutya kweli lizwe.

Potato eRussia

Enye yezona iinkalo zemveliso yethu neetapile ke ubukho kweefama zabucala, nesiko esibonakala ukusebenza kwalo ngenxa yesabelo eliphezulu umsebenzi wezandla.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi nangakumbi ngenkuthalo ukuphuhlisa imveliso iitapile enkulu, ebonisa isivuno eliphezulu kakhulu ngenxa amathuba ngokusetyenziswa kobugcisa kunye nezichumiso nemigangatho nenzululwazi-based.

Enye inkalo uphawu kwiminyaka yakutsha nje ekunciphiseni indawo ebekwe bucala ukuze kulinywe Zasemtata. Kodwa ukwanda kwemveliso ngelithuba ukubuyekeza ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuhla yendawo lokutyala.

Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukubamba up namazwe aphuhlileyo, kufuneka ukunyusa izinga langoku imveliso ngaphezu kabini. Akukho lula, ngoba olu khuphiswano anda, kunye namaxabiso amafutha ukuvuka ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike zezolimo.

Kwakhona, njengesiqhelo, emva kushishino logistics. Konke oku kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba abenzi abaninzi baye babuthathaka, abakwazi ukumelana nokhuphiswano, kwaye abanye banyanzeleka ukuba bacinge malunga khonukuze imveliso.

Russia eliyinkokheli yemveli ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso iitapile ezinzulu, ve-11% yesivuno jikelele. Ngaloo 70-80% lemveliso kwifomu yalo ekrwada uya umbane zabucala.

processing Industrial eRashiya phambili kakuhle kakhulu, engadlulanga ekhulwini ezimbalwa. Ngokutsho uqikelelo, lokwabiwa elandelayo kwimarike itapile eRashiya linxulunyaniswa ekuphuhliseni processing imifuno.

Maphela main neetapile

Colorado namazambane beetle - enye izitshabalalisi eziphambili iitapile. On iziza ezincinane naye nzima ngesandla ukuqokelela ooqongqothwane, pupae kwindawo kwisingxobo of separafini, formalin okanye anetyuwa olomeleleyo. Xa iindawo indawo enkulu kusebenza 80% ethyl Diloram okanye trichlorfon. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo yonyango kwemichiza - ekuqaleni yokuzala ubudala yesibini neyesithathu mibungu.

Potato cyst nematode rhoqo luhlasela iitapile. ezidla ingozi yayo neengcambu kunye amatswele zezityalo. Nematode cysts ibhekiswe ehlabathini, kwi iitapile iingcambu, kwaye ziqulathe kwi 200-1000 qanda ngasinye. Ngaphandle, isityalo ukhangela lokugula ngexesha elinye, amagqabi asezantsi singafi, yaye ngokukhawuleza abanye kubuna. Le cysts zingaphila ukuya kwiminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu. On sites ezosulelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo athobele imiqathango yesifo, imidumba hayi olinywayo, iinkozo kunye nemifuno ukuya kwiminyaka emine. Pest Control akavumi imbewu ukusetyenziswa abosulelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ukuba umlimi womhlaba.

Wireworms - ezidla amabhungane nqakraza, ngokonakalisa iingcambu kunye amatswele. Yokulwa nazo amalungiselelo izabatha, ukudala iqela elincinane yengca egadini. Baqokelela ooqongqothwane, ezo zatshatyalaliswa kamva. Good uncedo kunye nokuhlakula liselikho ingakumbi Kubalulekile ukuba atshabalalise esofeni.

Igala Cricket - ezinkulu ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni omdaka, amalungiselelo zokuhlala unzulu 10-15 cm Lo lwezinambuzane esidla yonke into: iingcambu, nezikhondo, kunye amatswele, kwakunye iimbewu kunye nezinye ingcambu nemifuno .. Ukuze kujongwane nalo kuyimfuneko ukwemba umhlaba kwi lingahenyuzi kubunzulu ubuncinane 25 cm. Ncedisa njengoko njengesithiyelo emgqubeni. Kwiimeko kakhulu yokwaphuka Umhlaba osetyenziswa benzofosfat.

Ekulweni izinambuzane leetapile uqwalasele bonke ababandakanyeka kulinywa wayo, kungenjalo ungaphulukana isityalo yakho yonke.

Potato inzuzo

Xa utyala imali ukuvelisa 80 amawaka engange, ungafumana isivuno yeetapile ukusuka ha 1 mali iitoni ezingama-20. Ngelo xesha elinye kwindawo ingqolowa efanayo uya kukwazi ukuqokelela iitoni 7-8 kuphela, nto leyo eza kunika malunga 60-65 amawaka. Hlikihla. inzuzo. Kwimeko isicelo kobugcisa isivuno entsha iitapile ukusuka ha 1 ukufikelela 80 t / ha, kwaye ingeniso, ngokulandelelana - 800 amawaka engange!.

Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba akhule ukuya 100-240% iitapile ROI. Isicwangciso soshishino imveliso wayo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo indawo wentsimi leehekthare ubuncinane 250, kunye notyalo-mali -. $ 7 million inqanaba, yaye sisebenza ikomkhulu $ 0.5-1 million kunyaka ophelileyo inzuzo eli shishini eRashiya yaba ku 40-60 %.

Ngendlela efanayo leengcaphephe kulwimi olungagqibekanga, ithetha olukhulayo kwiprojekthi lihlawula umlinganiselo 5-7 iminyaka, ne interim iziphumo alusoloko abonakalisa. Ngalo lonke ixesha imisebenzi efunekayo mali ecwangcisiweyo kunye kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kuhlangana iindleko kukuthi 300 lamawaka. Yuro, sokutyala iindleko 80 lamawaka. Yuro, etc. izixhobo eSoviet iphelelwe kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo kwisityalo.

yonke le nto, kodwa usebenza ukuya kwimveliso mveliso. Kubantu ngabanye kwiifama kukho izikimu nge investment kwinqanaba, kodwa ibe ngaphantsi esima.

Isicwangciso soshishino isayithi ekhaya

imveliso itapile technology kwi iyelenqe lobuqu uneempawu zawo. Okokuqala, zama ukubala ubuncinane inzuzo omalunga yeshishini itapile kwiimeko yangoku. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba ukuhlalutya uqikelelo lweendleko. Emva koko iyavakala ukubala imida yenzuzo, unikwe umyinge wenzala avareji yeetapile ukusuka ha 1 kunye namaxabiso lehoseyile. Emva koko, kuba imali yengeniso net kufuneka zitsalwe umvo yesibini kuqala. Uthelekelelo ebalelwe 0.5 ha iyelenqe kungaba kanje.

Motoblock: ngamakhuba, abalimi, Hiller, potato	$ 700
izinto kokutyala	$ 600
Izichumiso kunye namancedo	$ 150
izithuthi	$ 50
Total:	$ 1,500

Ngoko ke, zonke iindleko preliminary zifunjwe kwisixa amawaka 1.5. Idola. kunyaka wokuqala kunye unikezelo avareji ye-200 kg kunye aluka, kwaye umyinge nexabiso lokuthenga ewonke yeetapile $ 0.2 nganye 1 kg evela kwintengiso zingafumaneka amawaka 2 eerandi .. Ekubeni obu bugcisa azifumaneki unyaka omnye, ngoko kule minyaka ilandelayo ukuba unayo na iitapile kakhulu iindleko-olusebenzayo. Ixabiso ngokuba, xa kusenziwa, kuphela luyakhula.

iindlela Industrial yemveliso Zasemtata

imveliso itapile technology kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela zale mihla eye wavumela namhlanje, ukuphucula kakhulu ukwanela kwicandelo yemveliso itapile. Ngoku uvule ukusebenzisa iindlela zoshishino kulinywe yayo. Le nto ithetha le mithetho-siseko ilandelayo.

1. imveliso Volume icwangciswe kwangaphambili, kunye izibalo ukuzithethelela.
2. Zonke parameters ezisemgangathweni lubalwe wabeka phambi kokutyala.
3. Isivuno silungiswe ngokungqinelana ngokungqongqo neshedyuli.

Konke oku kuphunyezwa ngeendlela zoshishino isicelo, equka izinto ezilandelayo.

1. uphuculo yolungiselelo neyobugcisa zinika namaziko asebenza kwizinga eliphezulu, ngenxa kunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.
2. Asebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa uvumela phantse nilenze impembelelo yemozulu embi.
3. Ukunciphisa ukungakhuseleki umba ngabantu ngesiphumo senkqubo yemveliso ngokusetyenziswa iindlela kunye neendlela.
4. High avareji namazambane hoxa luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa kuqaliswe izixhobo zolawulo kunye nolawulo zokusebenza. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengobuchule zeteknoloji ezinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba awayecwangcisiwe iimveliso.

Kanye ngoku, kukho onke amathuba ukuba bafudukele iindlela yoshishino namazambane. Oku lula ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• okufunwa ziimalike ukuze umgangatho imveliso njalo iya isonyuka;
• inani labasebenzi kwezolimo, njengoko izinga lawo, kuyehla;
• market art yenza kube lula ukuba bathenge oomatshini ifama ekwaziyo nokuphumeza ukusetyenziswa iindlela zoshishino;
• ukufumaneka zehlabathi impumelelo phambili zobugcisa ikuvumela ukuba benze utshintsho ukuya kuma kwinqanaba entsha ngokupheleleyo amazambane zokuvuna.

Ukusebenza izisombululo zobuchwepheshe kufuneka ixhomekeke kubungakanani sefama kunye Okukodwa yayo. Isisombululo ingxaki entsonkothileyo yoguquko iindlela zoshishino kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokusekelwe amava kazwelonke amazwe ngamazwe kwakunye nezindululo ziingcali kakhulu '.

Indlela ukwandisa imveliso Zasemtata

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezichaphazela isivuno Zasemtata. Nazi ezinye zazo.

1. Umgangatho izinto lokutyala kufuneka ibe phezulu.
2. Neetapile ihlala ubeka neemfuno phezulu phezu komhlaba, ingakumbi indlela wayo umoya. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka SPUD ngexesha ukwandisa izivuno. Ukuba kokufika amaxesha SPUD namanyala eziliqela phezu ehlotyeni, nkqu umhlaba osisivunda ayikho kuthi. Musa ukulibala ngexesha elinye, elo xesha lifanelekileyo hilling -. Xa isityalo ukuphakama ukusuka cm-5 ukuya ku-20 Xa ukukhula hilling izilimo ngenxa ekwandiseni inani kunye nobukhulu amatswele. Ukuba akusibonanga eso lobuhlobo eli xesha, ukukhula imveliso iba kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokwandisa ubunzima amatswele.
3. Xa utyala umqolo izithuba kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-90 cm.
4. Ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokukhula ngamandla of amatswele kubalulekile ukubonelela isixa esikhulu wamanzi iilitha 10-15 ngalunye.
5. Ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo yaye amagqabi isichumiso elungileyo. Imigangatho kwi bush 3-6 g superphosphate, 4.3 g potassium sulfate, 01,03 g Ammonium Nitrate okanye urea, iinkuni okanye nja- uthuthu. Kakuhle ukutya ubulongwe intaka okanye mullein, ukuqinisekisa iitapile ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ixabiso le izichumisi esezantsi. Umzekelo, mullein zingathengwa ngenxa engange 40 iilitha ezi-5.
6. Kuba uvuselelo ecetyiswayo ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo thuba ukususa ababesifa kwamatyholo, kwakunye ubumdaka hayi agciniweyo Zasemtata. Oku kuza kwandisa imveliso nge 10-20% ngonyaka ngamnye.
7. Kwisigaba of yavelisa amagqabi luncedo ukususa yonke iindiza intyatyambo, oko kwandisa isivuno.

Isicelo isichumiso for zamazambane

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngexesha ukukhula yeetapile notsalo phantsi nama-50 kg ye-nitrogen, iphosphate 20 kg kwaye 90 kg ye-potassium isekelwe phezu iitoni 10 imveliso. Ngoko ke ezi izichumiso kwaye kufuneka rhoqo yafakwa emhlabeni ukuze ungabinako kuyiviva ngekrele neetapile inokubonelela amandla kuye.

Nitrogen kunceda ukukhula esebenzayo izityalo, yokungena carbohydrate kungena amatswele.

Phosphorus kwandisa ukumelana nembalela, liphuhlisa inkqubo yingcambu kwaye oluhlala kwi otashi tuber, igalelo sivuthwa zazo kwangethuba.

Potassium kubangela ukwanda carbohydrate tuber, kwandisa ukuxhathisa imo yezulu.

Kwakheke umhlaba, kubalulekile ukugcina ukulingana. Xa potassium izivuka, initrogen umz, kakuhle wendele. Ukongeza, kwakuwo nawuphi na isichumiso banokubenzakalisa kungekho ngaphantsi kwe ethile.

Le ixesha Kucetyiswa ukuba isicelo isichumiso kwiingingqi esembindini ngoJulayi, emantla - ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, nakwelasezantsi - ngoJuni.

Sebenzisa eziphilayo, nangona ukwandisa isivuno kabini, zezolimo musa isindululo ngenxa ingozi kukujaduka usuleleko, okanye ukubetha i ezidla May zizibawu. ukusetyenziswa ngcono torfonavoznye composts.

Njengesichumisi ngokuba iitapile ekwindla isiphakamiso emithathu superphosphate (1 kg ikhulu elinamanci square metres), kunye potassium sulfate (2 kg nganye sq.m.).

Intlwayelelo kakuhle umanyolo iitapile kunye urea nitrate (1 kg sq.m. nganye). Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izichumiso complex: nitrophoska 5 kg nganye ngekhulu leemitha isikwere kunye NPK - 3 kg.

esidlweni Ithambo - umbono omhle komanyolo ngenxa iitapile ekwindla, kaloku ke, iphucula ukungcamla le mveliso. Kwaye kweli xesha kubalulekile ukuze kwakheke superphosphate emhlabeni kunye Kemira neetapile, le itapile isichumiso ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Podpitok of zendalo, efanelekileyo ngenxa iitapile, kufuneka ngokuba iinkuni uthuthu. Ukongeza makeup, yena nako ukukhusela izifo ezininzi kubola. Ngoko ke kungcono ukuqala umlotha nitrophosphate, uze ujonge iziphumo. isichumiso, omabonakude kubi ukuba izityalo.

Iintlobo best Zasemtata

Ngokuba ukutyala kungcono ukuthatha amatswele ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iduru ngaphezu ngokungakhethiyo kodwa ukuqinisekisa incasa elungileyo isivuno esempilweni.

On nayiphi cottage zasehlotyeni apho kusoloko nokukhulisa kwamatyholo zamazambane ukuba bembe ukusukela yoo-ehlotyeni. Phakathi iintlobo lwakwangoko zizakubalulwa, ezifana kungu, noAriyeli, The kwaMagwangqa, Bullfinch, Thamsanqa kunye Medium kwangethuba - Somlomo ozuze.

Razvaristy kanye athandwa kunye nenyama emhlophe Sineglazka abe oluphantsi eYurophu ithathwa ukuba sibe lukhuni.

Kuba abo balandela impilo, unako ukunconyelwa esixhoseni ezifana Dutch Mona Lisa, eqatywe, ongumRoma, isiJamani Arosa, Rosario, Feloks Finnish kungu, Asterix. Kule ntlobo a lot of carotene, ngcono umbono.

Kwaye, u ngokulula ungalawula ekhuhlangubeni lakho. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba okunencasa iintlobo ibe ngaphezulu amino acids, nucleotides, okunamafutha asidi!

Kukhuphiswano ezona ukunambitheka kwitumente ibibanjiwe loo ntlobo njengoko Borodyansky pink, Bullfinch, Adretta, Aurora, oluhlaza, Vesnyanka, Tempe.

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ezahlukeneyo Zhukovsky. Amazambane bobabo iintlobo yokuqala, ikhula kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kuyinto ukumelana nezifo ezininzi, abe Amakhasi egudileyo, ezikhabhathini elide, kwaye zinto enkulu.

iitapile Bellarosa yakhulela yi abalimi baseJamani, kucetyiswa ukuba ukulima eMpuma Yurophu. Kuyinto uhlobo okuqala, ukumba up sele ngomhla 45. Yena iyingenelo a kunene: neetapile hoxa ukusuka ha 1 - 400 quintals!

Uhlobo Bellarosa ngenkankulu basengozini izinambuzane, hayi lifuna ukufuma, ukumelana nembalela, ikhula nakowuphi umhlaba ngaphandle ngodongwe enzima, yokugcina bezutraten (93%). It has amatswele agudileyo enkulu, incasa elungileyo kunye friability eliphezulu.

Indlela ukugcina iitapile

Xa kugcinwa iitapile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuvumela amatswele zibole okanye uqale ihlume. Ngoko ke, kubhetele ukugcina kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo, nto leyo kule meko inomoya owaneleyo.

Ingakumbi kufuneka silumke entlakohlaza, xa amatswele ubhitye zabo, ziyonakala ukubonakala kwazo kwaye kunciphisa isixa iivithamini. Ngeli thuba iitapile mazilandele yaye ngetsheki rhoqo ngenxa yomonakalo.

Potato yokubeka inkqubo zingahlulwa zibe zithathu zigaba.

1. Kuba iiveki ezimbini, hlala yokugcina kwi t ^{malunga +15.} Ngaloo Kukho ukuphilisa tuber, kwaye kuwo ngokuyinxenye ngaphandle ibingenakunyakama.
2. De kube sekupheleni iitapile zasebusika, njengoko kunjalo "belele", lo t ^ilungileyo yokugcina - ukususela-3 ukuya ku-5 ° ^C.
3. Nokufika komnyaka amatswele aqale ukulungiselela intshule. Ngeli xesha, lobushushu yokugcina ngokweentlanga kufumaniseka ukuba aba bakhuliswe a izidanga ezimbalwa.

Iitapile - umondli

Kukho amanyathelo ezingenako kukuphelisa Potato ekhulayo. Ishishini plan for kwemveliso encane kwindawo (malunga ne-0.3 hectares) for zayo zolawulo kunye neentengiso ibandakanya ezininzi zigaba emalikeni.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela umbandela ukuze kutyalwe. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba sifeze wonke umsebenzi oyimfuneko wokulungiselela kunye nomhlaba, uze kuphela ungahambisa kwi emhlabeni Zasemtata.

Emva koko landela la manyathelo hilling nezichumisi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba anyamekele ukukhuselwa izinambuzane nezifo. Ukuvuna - naye into elula Inqanaba umsebenzi, emva kokuba amanyathelo yokugqibela ezimbini: ezingxobeni software yokugcina.

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane izixhobo ubuncinane. Kule ubuncinane isebenza, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, i mini-itektala. Ikhiti kufuneka beze ngokuqinisekileyo kunye Ridger ukulima. Kakade ke, kufuneka ube umzimba ukuya itektala. Musa ukulibala ukuthenga isixhobo ukumba. Kuya kufuneka ukuba iqhotyoshelwe kule mini-itektala.

Kuhle ukuba aqwalasele iinkcukacha omnye umdla: ndahlamba, womile kwaye kakuhle efakwa neetapile ethengiswa kwimarike yi malunga amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu ibiza ngaphezu kokuba zingcolile, angxamisa zilayishwe koobhaka njengesiqhelo engwevu akuthandeki.

Inoku engqondweni, unako nzulu ukwandisa ingeniso yabo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yorhwebo ukupakisha iitapile zabo. Kuyenzeka ukuba balungelelanise Ibukisheni iitapile zilungiswe kakuhle kunye nabanye abenzi. Yinto enokwenzeka, umgaqo, ukwakha eli shishini.

Oku kuya kufuna ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango ethile:

• unikezelo lwamanzi esisigxina;
• Izikhongozeli ezikhulu sokuhlambela iitapile;
• igumbi apho ome kuyo;
• ngezinga elikhulu;
• iingxowa upakisha iilebhile kuzo.

Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ukucwangcisa eyakho kwishishini ekuqaleni amazambane nokwenza ingeniso.