Isigaba lomjikelo wobomi kunye nophuhliso amasele

Umjikelo wobomi nese-, gametogenesis, ukufaka isichumiso kunye nezinye iziganeko yamaxesha lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi zangaphandle. Ubomi phantse zonke izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ixhomekeke inani lezityalo nezinambuzane echibini, kwakunye umoya namanzi. Amasele cell zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lophuhliso, kuqukwa mibungu (iqanda - umbungu - tadpole - Isele). Tadpole olukhulu ibe omdala yenye utshintshwano kakhulu awayeza eziphilayo, ekubeni ezi utshintsho ukulungiselela umzimba zolwelo ukuya khona emhlabeni.

Uphuhliso ngamasele; photos

Xa emanzini tailless, ezifana amasele kunye maxoxo, utshintsho zixelwe kakhulu iqapheleka, phantse onke amalungu ilungiswe. Imilo umzimba utshintsha kakhulu. Emva kokuba imbonakalo imilenze angasemva kunye yangaphambili nomsila ngokuthe shwaka. tadpole Chondrocranium indawo yi ukhakhayi yobuso ye nese- oselula. amazinyo horny ezisetyenziselwa ukutya kwichibi tadpole nezityalo ziyemka, umlomo kunye umhlathi bathabatha imilo entsha, izihlunu ngophuhliso ngakumbi ulwimi, ngcono ukunqakula iimpukane nezinye izinambuzane. ikholoni side, ngokuqhelekileyo uhlaza, yayinqamlela ukuqhelana kwizidlo ezidla womntu omdala. Ngelo kwisigaba esithile yophuhliso amasele iigilizi ngokuyinqaba kwaye nemiphunga ukunyuka.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngoko nangoko emva kokukhulelwa?

Kungekudala emva kokukhulelwa, iqanda iqala ukuya ukusuka kwiseli enye ukuya kwenye zinga kwinkqubo sisahlula. I cleavage lokuqala buqala kwipali izilwanyana yaye ubonakalisa nkqo phantsi esibondeni vegetal, ngokwahlula iqanda ibe blastomeres ezimbini. Le cleavage yesibini lwenzeka kwi engile kowokuqala, hlula iqanda kwi blastomeres-4. Emseleni sesithathu kwi engile ekunene ukuya ezimbini zokuqala, ukuba eduze isilwanyana ngaphezu esibondeni vegetal. Ukuluma phezulu indawo ezine ezincinane ulwehlo ye emazantsi ezine. Kweli nqanaba, i umbungu sele blastomeres 8. iyantlukwano Eminye iya ngaphantsi rhoqo. Ngenxa yoko, iqanda kwiseli ngcembe iguqulelwa umbungu ezineseli enye, ngelo kweli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba blastula, nto leyo kwinyathelo 8-16 kwiseli iqalisa ukufumana isithuba umngxuma onolwelo kuhluthiswa. Emva uthotho utshintsho Monolayer blastula ezitshintshelwa ezimbini-sangqa imveku (gastrula). Le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebizwa gastrulation. kwisigaba esiPhakathi amaxoxo kweli nyathelo zibandakanya ukuyilwa ngeengcamba ezintathu zokuzikhusela: ectoderm, mesoderm kunye endoderm, nazo eyaziwa ngokuba zamabanga layers lwegciwane. Kamva, ezi zoleko ezintathu aqandusele kwindawo.

Tadpoles (isigaba mibungu)

I elilandelayo Inqanaba yophuhliso isele emva umbungu ngumbungu, nto leyo eshiya iqokobhe olusisiqulatho kwisithuba seeveki-2 emva kokukhulelwa. Emva kokuba ekuthiwa lokukhululwa imibungu isele kuthiwa tadpoles, leyo kufana intlanzi encinane malunga 5-7 mm ubude. umzimba ezidla iquka intloko ecacileyo, isiqu kunye nomsila. Indima isixokelelwano sokuphefumla udlalwa ngambini ezimbini iigilizi ezincinane lwangaphandle. abunjwe ngokupheleleyo amalungu tadpole ukuba aguqulelwe yokudada nokuphefumla, imiphunga baphuhlisa ikamva isele ukusuka emqaleni wakhe.

olukhulu unique

tadpole Water ivavanywa uthotho iinguqu eziya ekugqibeleni ukuyijika ibe nese-. Ngexesha olukhulu ezinye izakhiwo mibungu kuyehla, yaye ezinye utshintsho. Olukhulu liqale umsebenzi lengqula, zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu.

1. Utshintsho imbonakalo. Khula ezizitho nemazi, amalungu ukuphuhlisa, kukho iminwe. Yemilenze, kodwa ifihlwe nezibaya ezikhethekileyo yokhuselo, uye phandle. Le umsila lifinyele, isakhiwo sayo ebegqwese eyaphukileyo endaweni yayo akukho nto iseleyo. Amehlo emacaleni lihamba ukuya phezulu intloko yakho, ze ewayo, inkqubo amalungu umgca osecaleni shwaka, isikhumba endala kususwa, kwaye omtsha, ngezininzi kwamadlala yesikhumba, luphuhla. imihlathi horny shwaka kunye nesikhumba mibungu, ukuba kufakwe emhlathini lokwenene, intlala yokuqala uze ithambo. umsantsa umlomo yandiswa ngokubonakalayo, ivumela isele enkulu izinambuzane zokutya.

2. Utshintsho nokwakheka lwangaphakathi. Iigilizi aqala ukulahlekelwa intsingiselo yazo kubuna, ukukhanya iya esebenza ngakumbi. utshintsho ehambisana kwenzeka olujikeleza. Ngoku ke iigilizi ngcembe ayeke ukudlala indima lokuhamba igazi, igazi ngakumbi uqala ukugeleza kungena emiphungeni. Iba intliziyo-zawo ezintathu. Inguqu ekutyeni yemifuno ubukhulu ukutya nje ezidla kuchaphazela ubude umsele alimentary. Oku zixinaniswe nesijijekileyo. Umlomo uba kwemihlathi ngokubanzi ukuphuhlisa ukunyuka ulwimi, nesisu zesibindi nabo babe ezinkulu. Pronephros esikhundleni izintso mesospheric.

3. Utshintsho ku yokuphila. Ngethuba lenguqu ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwinqanaba omdala yendaleko kwe isele xa kuqala olukhulu, ukutshintsha emanzini yokuphila. Kudla ukuya kumphezulu umoya zivuthelana emiphungeni.

Frog - inguqulelo elincinane isele abadala

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-kweeveki ezili-12, lo tadpole kukho intsalela encinane kuphela komsila kwaye ufana uguqulelo encinci umntu omdala, nto leyo iveki 16, ngokuqhelekileyo ozalisa umjikelo opheleleyo lokukhula. Development kunye neentlobo ehambelanayo amasele, ezinye amasele abahlala kwiindawo ezise aphezulu okanye kwiindawo ezibandayo, aphile kwi tadpole kwinqanaba yonke ubusika. iintlobo ezithile babe zigaba yayo eyodwa yophuhliso, eziya kwahluka kwabo zemveli.

frog kwempilo

Uninzi amasele zizala ngexesha lemvula, xa amadama ixhaphakile ngamanzi. Tadpoles kabani amandla yahlukile ukutya abadala Ungathatha ingqalelo yobuninzi lisiza kunye nezityalo emanzini. Amaqanda ngendlela zokuzikhusela ijeli nemazi ezizodwa izala ngaphantsi kwamanzi okanye izityalo ekufuphi nalapho, yaye ngamanye amaxesha musa unendaba malunga mva. Ekuqaleni imibungu ukufunxa koovimba babo sac. Xa umbungu sele tadpole, inyibilike tadpole ijeli kwaye eliphuma eqokobheni zokuzikhusela. Uphuhliso amaqanda isele ibe omdala kunye inani lotshintsho leqela (imilenze imbonakalo ukunciphisa umsila, amalungu ngokutsha zangaphakathi, njalo njalo). Ngenxa yoko, abadala yezilwanyana isakhiwo, indlela yokuphila kunye nokusingqongileyo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka amanqanaba zangaphambili zophuhliso.