Isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni. Ukuzalwa kunye nobuthathaka benhliziyo kubantwana

"Isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni" - ngamanye amaxesha la mazwi avakala njengesigwebo. Yintoni esi sibonisa isifo? Ngaba ukuxilongwa okunjalo kunzima kangaka kwaye yiziphi iindlela zokwenziwa ngonyango?

Ukuxilonga "isifo senhliziyo" kumntwana

Kukho iimeko xa abantu behlala neentso enye, isisu esisisigxina, ngaphandle kwesibindi somoya. Kodwa ukucinga ukuba umntu ohlala ngaphandle kwentliziyo ayinakwenzeka: emva kokuba le lungu liyeka ukusebenza, kungaphantsi kwemizuzu embalwa ubomi bomzimba buphela ngokupheleleyo kwaye bungenakwenzeka. Yingakho ukuxilongwa "kwesifo senhliziyo" emntwaneni kubangalisa abazali.

Ukuba awuyi kungena kwizonyango zonyango, oko kuchazwa isifo kuhambelana nokungahambi kakuhle kweentsimbi zentliziyo, apho umzimba ngokwawo uhamba ngokuthe ngcembe. Le ngxaki iyona nto ibangela isifo senhliziyo, kodwa asiyiyo yodwa. Ukongezelela, kukho iimeko xa isifo siphumela ngenxa yesakhiwo esingavumelekanga:

• Iindonga zelungu;
• Septa yecardia;
• Iinqanawa ezinkulu zeenhliziyo.

Olu tshintsho lunokuba yimpembelelo yokuzalwa, kodwa ingafumaneka ngexesha lobomi.

Isifo senhliziyo esazalwa

Ukuba umntwana uzalwa enesiphako sentliziyo, ke esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba sisibele.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-1% yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa abahluphekileyo kwesi sifo. Kutheni i- heart failure kwiintsana ezisandul Konke kuxhomekeka kukuphi uhlobo lokuphila umama okhokela ngexesha lokubeleka komntwana.

Umbuzo othi ingaba umntwana uya kuba nempilo ugqityiweyo kwiinyanga zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana ngesifo senhliziyo ukwandisa kakhulu ukuba umama olindelekileyo ngeli xesha:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala;
• Ukutshaya;
• Kwaye kwavezwa kwimizila;
• Ukubandezeleka kwi-virus okanye i-vitamin deficiency;
• Wathatha amayeza angekho mthethweni.

Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana kwaye uqale unyango ngexesha, ngoko kukho ithuba lokubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni komzimba. Ngapha koko, ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe ngokukhawuleza, isakhiwo sensimba senhliziyo siya kuguqulwa, kwaye utyando oluphuthumayo luya kufuneka.

Izifo zentliziyo

Iintsilelo zentliziyo ezifunyenwe ebantwini, njengomthetho, zivela ngenxa yokusebenza okungalunganga kwenkqubo yevenge. Le ngxaki ixazululwe ngokugqithiselekayo: ukutshintshwa kwe-valve kunceda ukubuyela kumsebenzi omdala osebenzayo.

Izizathu zesifo

Isifo senhliziyo esifanelekileyo kumntwana senziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.

1. I-endocarditis yeRheumatic. Esi sifo sichaphazela iiplaviti zentliziyo, kwi-stroma yenziwa i-granulomas. Kwi-75% yamatyala, i-endocarditis ye-rheumatic yimbangela yokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.
2. Ukusabalalisa izifo zeethambo ezixhumeneyo. Ezi ntsholongwane njenge-lupus erythematosus, i-scleroderma, i-dermatomyositis kunye nabanye, zihlala zinika iingxaki ezintso nasentliziyweni.
3. Ingxaki yomzimba. Nawuphi na umsindo onamandla kummandla wesifuba kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-vice.
4. Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo engaphumeleli . Emva kokuba sele esenzile imisebenzi entliziyweni, umzekelo i-valvulotomy, iingxaki zenzeke ukuba kuphuhlise ukuphuhliswa kwe-vice.
5. Atherosclerosis. Esi sifo esingapheliyo seetriyiti kunye neempahla, kwiindonga apho i-atherosclerotic plaques iqala ukwenza. Akunqabile, kodwa i-atherosclerosis ibangela ukuba utshintsho emsebenzini kunye nesakhiwo senhliziyo.

Kuloluhlu kucacile ukuba ukuba isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni siphuhlisiwe, izizathu zalo zinokuhluka kakhulu. Kodwa ukubaluleka kubalulekile, ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba unyango olumiselweyo lukwazi ukufunda nokubhala.

Iimpawu

Iintsilelo zentliziyo kubantwana zihambelana neempawu ezithile, ezifunekayo ukuba ziziwe kwaye zityhake xa zivela kwintsana.

Kwimeko yokuhlolwa komsebenzi onguhlengikazi unokuva umntwana ogulayo entliziyweni. Emva kokubona kwabo, ugqirha oya kwiindawo kufuneka amise i-ultrasound. Kodwa ukuxilongwa "kwesifo senhliziyo" akunakuqinisekiswa, kuba iintsana ezikhulayo zibubulayo entliziyweni ziqhelekileyo.

Kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, ukukhula ngokwenyama kweentsana kunzima, inyanga nganye kufuneka bongeze okungenani amagremu angama-400. Ukuba oku kungenzeki, kufuneka uhambe ngqo kwi-cardiologist, ekubeni ukungabi niselo yokufumana ubunzima kungenye yeempawu eziphambili zeengxaki zentliziyo.

I-Lethargy kunye nokukhathala okukhawuleza komntwana zibonakaliso ezicacileyo malunga neengxaki zempilo. Ukuba konke oku kwongeza i-dyspnea, umngcipheko wokuvavanya ukuxilongwa okungathandekiyo kwanda.

Iindlela zokuphanda

Iintsilelo zeentliziyo kubantwana, ngelishwa, ayifumaneki kwixesha. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezi.

1. Okokuqala, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, akunakwenzeka ukuseka ukuphuhliswa kwesifo kumntwana. Ingcali onamava ngexesha le-ultrasound engapheliyo ingaphawula utshintsho oluthile kumsebenzi weentliziyo zentwazana, kodwa iipatrilogram ezininzi ngelo xesha azibonakali. Amacandelo angentla apha angabomngcipheko - onje oomama balungile ukuthatha inyathelo kwaye ngeveki ye-20 yokukhulelwa bafumana i-ultrasound yesifo se-transabdominal.
2. Okwesibini, emva kokuzalwa kwabantwana, uphando lwezifo zentliziyo alufaki kuluhlu lweemvavanyo eziyimfuneko kunye neemviwo. Kwaye abazali abazimeleyo abazibonakalisi kwaye abaziqhubeki iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokuxilonga.
3. Okwesithathu, ukusuka ekuqaleni iimpawu zesi sifo azizivezi. Kwaye nangona umntwana evakalelwa kukuba kukho into engalunganga kuye, akanakukuchaza. Abazali baxakeke kakhulu ngeengxakeko zemihla ngemihla ukuba baqhube ukuqhuba umntwana wabo kwiindawo ezithile zophando.

Iintsana zivame ukwenza kuphela i-ECG kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi, njengommiselo, ukuxilongwa kuphelile apha. Nangona kunjalo, i-electrocardiogram ngexesha elincinci alinakukwazi ukufumana isifo senhliziyo esiswini. Ukuba wenza i-ultrasound, kukho ithuba lokufumanisa isifo ekuqaleni. Kukho oku kuxhomekeke kubuchule beengcali ezizenza i-ultrasound. Kungcono ukuphinda inkqubo ngokukhawuleza kwiikliniki ezininzi, ngakumbi ukuba kukho ukusola ngesifo senhliziyo.

Inkambo yesi sifo

Ukuba iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana bakuleta kwiofisi yegqirha, kwaye ukuxilongwa kwaqinisekiswa - akusikho isizathu sokuphelelwa lithemba.

Inkambo yesi sifo ayisoloko ikhokelela kwimiphumo ebuhlungu. Ngokomzekelo, ukungaphumeleli kwevaji ye-ayrioventricular valve I ne-II degree ivumela abantu ukuba baphile ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-40 bengenalo ukuhlinzwa, ngelixa begcina umlinganiselo othile wokusebenza.

Kodwa ukuxilongwa okufanayo, kodwa i-III kunye ne-IV yesigxina, ehamba kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokuzikhandla komzimba, i-edema yeziphumo ezingaphantsi, iingxaki zesibindi, zifuna inkqubo yonyango ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungenelela okukhawulezayo.

Ukuxilongwa

Izibonakaliso zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana, eziphawulwe ngabazali kunye nezingane zakudala, azikho izizathu zokufumanisa. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, ukukhononda kwe-systolic kubonwa kwakhona kubantwana abaphilileyo, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokwenza i-ultrasound apha.

I-echocardiogram inokurekhoda iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwe-ventricle yesinxele senhliziyo. Mhlawumbi, ngaphezu koko kusefuneka ukuba i- roentgen ye-thorax apho ingatshintshi kuphela intliziyo iya kubonakala, kodwa nayo impawu zokuphambuka kwe-oopopus. Emva koko, usenokugqiba utsho ukuba umntwana uyagula okanye uyaphila.

Ngelishwa, i-ECG ayikwazi ukukunceda ekuxilongweni kwesifo senhliziyo kwimigangatho yokuqala: utshintsho kwi-cardiogram luyabonakala xa isifo sele sisenqubekela phambili.

Unyango lwezonyango zesifo esisisigxina

Ukuqinisekiswa kweempawu zesifo senhliziyo kubantwana - esi sihlandlo sokuqala unyango olukhawuleza ukukhusela utshintsho olungenakuguquka kwiziko.

Akunjalo amaxesha oogqirha abaya kwiindlela zokugqirha - ezinye iziguli azidingi ukuhlinzwa, ubuncinane de kubekho ixesha elithile. Into efuneka ngokwenene kukuthintela isifo esibangela isigulo esicinga ngalo.

Ukuba i-infarction yengqondo kubantwana ifunyanwe, unyango lufuna ulawulo lokubhala ngolwazi lomhla. Abantwana abanjalo kufuneka baholele indlela yokuphila esebenzayo kunye nehambayo, ehamba kunye nokunyamekela ngokomzimba. Kodwa ukukhathala - emzimbeni okanye ngengqondo - kuchaneka ngokubanzi. Kubalulekile ukuphepha imidlalo enobudlova kunye nemigudu, kodwa incedo iya kuba ukuhamba kwezemidlalo, ukujikeleza okanye ukuhamba ngebhayisikili njalonjalo.

Kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luya kufuneka ukuze luncede ukukhulula intliziyo. Ukutya kukuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo ekunyanga kwesi sifo.

Unyango oluphandwayo lwesifo

Xa ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo kubantwana kubonakala, utyando luyavunywa, ukuba ngumbuzo wezigaba zokugqibela zesi sifo, ezingenakuphiliswa ngamachiza kunye nokutya.

Ngokuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha obutsha, unyango ogqityiweyo alufumanekanga kuphela kubantwana kunyaka, kodwa nakwiintsana. Xa isifo sengqondo esifumanekileyo sifumaneka, injongo ephambili yokungenelela ngophengiyo kukugcina amandla okusebenza kweenqwelo zentliziyo yabantu. Kwimeko yokukhubazeka okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa okungavumelekanga ukulungiswa, i-valve substitution is required. Iprosthetics ingenziwa kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo okanye eziphilayo. Enyanisweni, indleko yokusebenza ixhomekeke kulo.

Umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngentliziyo evulekileyo kwiimeko zokujikeleza okufakelwayo. Ukubuyiselwa emva kokungenelela okunjalo kubude, kufuna umonde, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu - ingqalelo kwisigulane esincinane.

Ukusetyenziswa kwegazi

Ayikho imfihlo yokuba, ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yempilo, kungekhona wonke umntu ovalelwa kwintliziyo. Kwaye le nto ibandezelekile izazinzulu zonyango, kangangokuba iminyaka eminingi befuna iindlela zokuphucula ukusinda kwezigulane. Ekugqibeleni, kwakukho iteknoloji yongenelelo olusetyenziswayo ngokuthi "ukusebenza kwegazi".

Umsebenzi wokuqala ngaphandle kokubanjwa kwebele, ngaphandle kwe-scalpel kwaye ngaphandle kwegazi, wenziwa ngempumelelo eRashiya ngowama-2009 ngu-profesa waseRashiya kunye naye ongumFrentshi. Isigulane sasicinga ukuba siyagula, njengoko wayefumene i-aortic valve stenosis. Le valve kufuneka ithathelwe indawo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukunyameka ukuba isiguli siza kusinda kwakungekho phezulu.

I-prosthesis yayifakwe kwi-aorta ngaphandle kokuboniswa kwebele (ngokugqithisa kwintambo). Emva koko, ngoncedo lwekathetha, i-valve yayijoliswe kwicala lasekunene-entliziyweni. I-teknoloji ekhethekileyo yokwenza iprothesis ikuvumela ukuba uyiqhube kwi-tube xa uyifaka, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ingena kwi-aorta, ivulela ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Yiyo le misebenzi ekhuthazwayo kubantu abadala kunye nabanye abantwana abangakwazi ukufumana ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.

Ku hlaziywa

Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezinokwenyama kuyahlula kwiinqanaba eziliqela.

Iyokuqala ihlala kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintandathu. Ngeli thuba umntu ufundiswa ukulungiswa okukhethekileyo, isondlo sokutya sisichazela imigaqo emitsha yesondlo, kwaye i-cardiologist ilindile utshintsho olulungileyo kumsebenzi womzimba, isazi seengqondo sinceda ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.

Indawo ephambili kule nkqubo yabelwe imithwalo yempahla efanelekileyo, kuba kuyimfuneko ukugcina ithoni kungekhona nje intliziyo yesisu, kodwa kunye neenqwelo zentliziyo. Umsebenzi wezobugcisa unceda ukulawula izinga le-cholesterol yegazi, izinga lexinzelelo legazi, kwaye linceda ukulahla ubunzima obuninzi.

Ukulala rhoqo nokuphumla emva kokuhlinzwa kuyingozi. Intliziyo ifanele isetyenziswe kwisiganeko esiqhelekileyo sokuphila, kwaye yinto nje yokuzivocavoca umzimba eyinceda: ukuhamba kwezemidlalo, ukugijima, ukuqhuba ibhayisikili, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba. Ibhola ye-basketball, i-volleyball, kunye ne-simulators yamandla.