Iqanda lokunikela kunye nokukhulelwa

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu hlobo njengamaqanda abanikeli kunye nenkqubo ye-IVF. Esi sihloko siyathandwa kakhulu kuluntu lwangoku, kuba abafazi abaninzi baneengxaki ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki zokuzala. Ngokwezibalo zenkcukacha, impumelelo yenkqubo iyaqinisekiswa ngu-50-57%. Kwamanye amaziko ophando, ukuphumelela kwanda ukuya kuma-70%. Yinyaniso enomdla ukuba ngeenkqubo eziphindaphindiweyo, ukuphumelela kusekho okufanayo. I-IVF kunye ne-egg donor, ingxelo malunga nokukhupha umnatha, yindlela efanelekileyo, yendalo kunye nekhuselekile yokuba ngabazali!

Indlela yokuba ngumnikeli weqanda?

Iqanda lokunikela, njengoko liyaziwayo, lisetyenziswe kwisibeleko somfazi ukuze wenze ukukhulelwa. Nabani na onqwenelayo angaba ngumnikeli, ohambelana nemimiselo ethile, ecacileyo nongqongqo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, umxhasi wexesha elizayo ufumana iimviwo ezahlukeneyo. Kuphela emva kokutshekishwa okupheleleyo komntu kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezilingo, unokuba ngumnikeli wamaqanda.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba umnikelo weeqanda yinkqubo engaziwa kwaye engathandekiyo efuna kuphela umnqweno wakho. Ngokwemvelo, umnikeli walo mbandela unokuba ngumfazi kuphela.

Kuza kubekho, kuninzi iziseko zenkxaso kunye nemibutho ekhethekileyo echaphazelekayo ekuncedeni abasetyhini abafuna ukufumana umntwana ophilileyo. Iiprogram ngeqanda lomnikeli zinika uncedo olungathandekiyo kwabasetyhini abasweleyo. Kubalulekile ukuqhelanisa uluntu ngolu hlobo xa abanye abameli bezesondo ezifanelekileyo bengenako ukukhulelwa. Ukuba amantombazana nabasetyhini bayayazi le ngxaki kwabanye, ke ithuba lokunikela liyakwandisa amaninzi.

Yintoni na?

Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda esi sihloko ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela zonke izinto ezenzeka ngayo kwiimeko zendalo. Yonke intombazana enempilo okanye ibhinqa ivelisa iqanda elinye kwinyanga, enokuthi ifakelwe. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, iqanda liba yintsana kwaye ukhulelwe. Ukuba ukukhulelwa akuzange kwenzeke, iqanda lidityaniswe ngumzimba ngexesha lokuya esikhathini.

Umfazi ophuhliso oluqhelekileyo uvelisa umjikelezo wobomi malunga nama-oocytes angama-400 000 - i-ova ezayo. Nangona kunjalo, enye kuphela i-oocytes eziliwaka ingaba yi-ovum epheleleyo kwaye iqule. Ngenyanga nganye inani elithile le-oocytes emzimbeni womfazi uqala ukuphuhlisa. Le nkqubo iphela ngomhla wokuqalisa ukuhamba. Isisele esisodwa sinokufaneleka ukuchumisa, ngelixa abanye bebhubha. Ngaloo ndlela, umzimba uyazilungiselela ukuqala kokukhulelwa.

Amaqanda anikezelayo, ukuhlaziywa okuye kugcwalise inethiwekhi yonke, idluliselwa kwintombi enye ukuya kwenye. Kucacile ukuba le nkqubo inemvelo kwaye iyesiqhelo, kuba loo nto ifakwe kumntu onempilo. Kukhuselekile ukumbamba ezinye iiseli zabantu ukuba wenza okulungileyo. Emzimbeni wesifazane ophilileyo, le nto ingagcinwa ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye ke ayiyi kusebenza kakuhle, kanti kwisibeleko somnye umfazi iqanda lingasetyenzwa. Kule ndlela kulandela ukuba i-egg donor ayithethi ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-biomaterial yowesifazane wesinikelo, kuba likhawuleza libuyiswe. Umnikelo onjalo wenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezingenakusetyenziswa omnye umfazi.

IVF kunye neqanda lomnikelo

Ngaba uvile nge-IVF kunye nomnikeli weqanda? Impendulo malunga nale nkqubo ingenangqiqo. Makhe siqwalasele le micimbi ngokubanzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye iimeko, i-IVF yindlela ephela yokuphuma kwesibini. Ngeenkqubo ze-IVF, imvume yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba iyadingeka, ebhalwe. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umniki-mali akanalo namalungelo kwixesha elizayo lomntwana. Amaqela avuma ukuba abayi kuzama ukufumana ngobomi bomntwana. I-ECO kunye neqanda lomnikeli, ukuphononongwa malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo, kunemigaqo engama-4:

• Ngeqanda elitsha;
• Ngamaqabunga (angaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6).
• Ngombindi womnikelo;
• Ngomama onqabileyo.

Isekelwe kulo ngasentla, kufuneka ufunde ngokucophelela ukuhlaziywa malunga nenkqubo, kwaye ngokukodwa malunga nesalathiso esithile.

Umnikeli we-IVF angaba nezihlobo okanye abaqhelana nabo. Unokuqhagamshelana namaziko akhethekileyo anika amaqanda kwifom entsha kunye neqhwa (efrijiweyo).

Icandelo leengqondo

Icala leengqondo le mbambano libaluleke kakhulu. Inkqubo ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kumacala omabini. Umnikeli uyavuma ukuba kuya kuba neenkqubo ezinzima kwaye ezingamnandi, kwaye uya kuba ngumzali wezinto eziphilayo, kodwa akayi kumbona umntwana wakhe. Nangona ukuba wonke umntu unemvelo yokuzala, kodwa imfuneko yokunyamekela nokunika uthando ibonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo nangaphezulu. Ibhinqa lilula kakhulu ukujongana nemeko apho isidoda sinikela khona, kuba umntwana ozelwe uza kuba ngumama kuye.

Nangona umama we-biological womntwana abe ngumnye umfazi, ummkeli wesibini uya kuthwala umntwana, uncelise kunye nokunyusa. Abanye oomama banesaba ukuba umntwana uya kubonakala engafani, kodwa ukwesaba nje, kuba udibaniso luya kufikelela kumgangatho we-hormonal. Inkqubo ye-IVF icetyiswa kubo bonke abasetyhini, ngakumbi abo sele befumana ezininzi iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezingenakusebenza, kuba akunakwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ixesha elixabisekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ezinye izibini, nangona olu khetho aluhambelani, kwaye kunzima kunikwa umntwana. Kubalulekile ukuba ucinge kwaye uqhathanise iimvakalelo zakho ukuba umntwana uthathwa kwintandane, kwaye ukuba umntwana uyalula kwaye akhule ngaphakathi kwakho.

Ngubani ofuna amaqanda abanikeli?

I-egg donor (embryo) iyadingeka kulabo bafazi abathi inkqubo ye-IVF yithuba elilodwa lokuba nezingane. Isetyenziswe kulao matyala xa impatho yokugonywa okanye yezokwelapha ingenakunceda abatshatileyo bacinge umntwana ngokusemthethweni. Kukho ambalwa amacala.

Abafazi bakhetha inkqubo ye-IVF ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezona zininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zizathu zobuqu ezinzima ukuziqonda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzama ukuvelisa kunye nokuqonda izizathu zokuba kutheni abesifazana bakhetha ukutshatyalaliswa okungekho nto, kubonakala ukuba bonke bawela emaqeleni amabini aphezulu:

1. Xa kungekho maqanda e-ovari.
2. Xa amaqanda afumanekayo akakufanelekanga uphuhliso.

Kutheni kungekho maqanda?

Cinga ngale mabini mabini ngcaciso. I-IVF emva kwengu-40 kunye neqanda lomnikeli yindlela yokuphuma kubasetyhini abaye bafumana ukuphuma kwexesha lokuqala. Kule meko, umntu akakwazi ukuthetha ukuba ibhinqa linyumba, kodwa ngeli nqanaba nangomso akayi kuba nako abantwana. Ukumiswa kokuqala komntu kuvela kwiminyaka eyi-15-20 ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuwulungiselela. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba kwenzeka kumfazi osemncinci kakhulu, omele abe ngowona mgangatho wobomi bokuzala. Kwaye kunjalo, ukuba oko kwenzeka, ngoko kuphela indlela yokuphuma ingabonakaliswa. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kubantu abatsha abangazange babelethe ngaphambili.

Ukuba ucinga ngezifundo ze-epidemiological, ngoko sinokuthi inzala yowesifazane ibonakala kuphela kwi-5% yabemi. Eli phesenti liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa izigulane ezivayo malunga nokuqala kokuyeka umyeni aziyikuziqwalasela kakuhle. Kodwa ngelo xesha, isizathu sokungabikho kwamaqanda angabakho uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha, olwenziweyo ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, kunokususwa kwee-ovari ngenxa yesifo. Ukunyanzeliswa kokusebenza okunjalo akunakwenzeka, kuba kuyo yonke imeko imeko yezempilo yendalo yesifazane incike. Emva kokugqitywa ngempumelelo komsebenzi kunye nokubuyiselwa, umfazi usenako ukufumana abantwana, ngoko ke indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokusebenzisa kwakhe i-egg donor, eya kwenza ukuba ukhulelwe aze abelethe umntwana.

Ayikwazi ukuhlala amaqanda

Ibhanki ye-egg donor iza kuzala nakwabesifazana abanamathuba okukhulelwa, kodwa ukuchumisa akukwenzeka. Yimeko yamatyala xa ibhinqa linamaqanda angasebenzi. Isizathu salokhu kudla ukukhubazeka kwemfuyo, engayi kuvumela ukukhulelwa, ukunyamezela nokubeletha inzala enempilo. Ukungaqhelekanga kwe-Genetic kubangelwa kukuba i-chromosomal structure of cells iphukile.

Emva kwe-IVF kunye nomnikeli weqanda, akufanele uxhalabele ukuba isiphi isifo esiza kufa siya kudluliselwa kubantwana. Yingakho kubasetyhini abaneengxaki ezixabisekileyo ezixabisekileyo, kubalulekile ukwazi malunga nenkqubo yomnikelo weqanda. Oogqirha kufuneka baxelele benqwenela ukuba nabantwana abanempilo malunga nazo zonke izingozi namathuba akhona kweli nqanaba lophuhliso lwezonyango. Ukuba ukhangele iifomati, unokubona ukuba isifo esiyintlobo esingaqhelekanga sisifo se-hemophilia (kakubi igazi coagulability), esinokudluliselwa kwintsana.

Umnikeli weqanda unokuba nayiphi na ibhinqa eliphilileyo, elidibana neenqobo ezithile. Into ephambili kwinkqubo yomnikelo ukulungelelaniswa kwemijikelezo yokuya kwesibini kwabesetyhini ukwenzela ukuba ukususwa nokusungulwa kwe-oocyte kukhuliswe. Kulula kakhulu ukulawula umjikelezo wesisu ukuya kwindoda ngenxa yeyeza lonyango.

Iinkcazo kunye nokuchasene

I-IVF kunye nomxhasi weqanda (kukho ukuphononongwa okuninzi malunga nalo) unemibuzo engqinelanayo ekufuneka ifundwe ngokucophelela. Ukungqinelana:

• Ubukho bezifo zengqondo;
• Ukungakwazi ukunyamezela umntwana ophilileyo ngenxa yezifo ezifa;
• I-Pathology ye-uterus;
• Naziphi na izifo ze-oncological kwi-anamnesis;
• Izicubu ze-Ovari.

Ukuba ukuqwalasela ngakumbi iinkcukacha ngezizathu xa inkqubo ye-IVF iphakanyiswa ngamaqanda abanikeli, oku kulandelayo kufunyenwe:

• Amaqanda aphakathi;
• I-Pathology ye-ovari;
• Climacterium;
• Ukungakwazi kwamaseli ukuphuhlisa;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy;
• Ukungabikho kwe-ovulation.

Ndingaba njani umnikeli?

Unako ukunikela amaqanda abanikeli? Impendulo malunga nale nkqubo akufanele ihlazise. Njengoko sele sisazi, kwinyanga enye emzimbeni wowesifazane kuphela ukhula lweqanda, olukwazi ukuphuhliswa. Owesifazane ozinikeleyo uhamba nekhosi yeli cwangciso ejolise ekuvuseleleni ukuphuhliswa ngokufanayo kwama-oocyte amaninzi. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukwandisa amathuba okungeniswa kweqanda, njengoko ekupheleni akuzona zonke iiseli ezifanele ukuchumisa. Yintoni eyenzekayo kumaqanda? Inyaniso kukuba ezinye iiseli ziqala ukuphuhlisa, kodwa inkqubo iyahambela, ngoko abantwana abanempilo abayi kusebenza. Ezinye iiseli azikwazi ukuchumisa ngezizathu zokuthi isayensi yanamhlanje ayisakwazi ukuchaza.

Ukuze kuhlolwe idilesi yonyango lwabaxhasi, oogqirha baqhuba rhoqo iimviwo ze-ultrasound kunye nokuhlalutya kwe-hormone. Emva kwamanyathelo okulungiselela kunye nokubeka iliso, amaqanda aphilileyo athathwe ngumnqweno.

Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zomniki-mali:

• Ubudala kufuneka bube seminyaka engama-25-35;
• Ukungabikho kwezifo ezifa kunye nezifo, kunye nezinye izifo;
• Umbono omuhle wesifo sengqondo;
• Umntwana.

Ukuze inkqubo iphumelele, i-endometrium yommkeli wesifazane kufuneka ilungele ukuwamkela imbungu. I-epithelium yinqanaba elingaphakathi lesisu. Kuye kuye i-embryo iqhotyoshelweyo. Ukuba ukukhulelwa akukwenzeka, ngoko ekupheleni komjikelezo wesini, i-endometrium iya kususwa emzimbeni womfazi.

Iindleko zenkqubo

Amaqanda anikezela eMoscow aneendleko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa iyahluka phakathi kwama-ruble ayi-17-30 lamawaka. Iindleko zenkqubo ziphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeka malunga nama-65% amatyala, nto leyo ibonakaliso esibalulekileyo. Kwezinye iikliniki, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ekuqinisekiseni amaqanda, oko kukuthi, ukuqhwala kwabo. Ukugxininiswa kule ndlela kwenziwa ngenxa yokuba kulula kakhulu inkqubo.

Ukuba ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka uqaphele, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nekhontrakthi kunye neziko elingenangqiqo. Iindleko ezipheleleyo ziquka uviwo olupheleleyo lwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo, ukulungelelaniswa kwemijikelezo yokuya esikhathini, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, ukukhuthazwa kokuphuhliswa kwamaqanda, ukudluliselwa kweeseli, njl. Ngokwemvelo, amaxabiso enkunzi aphezulu kakhulu kunemimandla. Kwakhona, ixabiso lixhomekeka kwiimpawu zomniki-mali kunye neklinikhi: izinga lempilo, ubudala kunye negunya leklinikhi.

Ukuze kuhlolwe iindleko zenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda "ngaphakathi". Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaqanda abanikeliyo asetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-IVF (in vitro fertilization). Le teknoloji isetyenziswe rhoqo, njengoko izalathisi zayo zokusebenza zikhulu kakhulu. Amaqanda anikeziweyo athatyathwa kwiimeko zeebhoratri ezikhethekileyo phantsi kolawulo olucacileyo logqirha. Emva koko, iiseli ezikhishiwe zifakelwa kwi-body of the receptor. Ukuba zithatha ingcambu, ngoko ukukhula kwabo kuyaqhubeka njengemibusi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugqirha wadlulisela amaqanda amaninzi aphilileyo, njengoko oku kunika ukusebenza kakuhle, kuba kuphela amaseli 2-3 atsala enye kuphela. Ukuba yonke inkqubo iphumelele, ngoko umfazi ukhulelwe.

Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo yomsebenzi ixhomekeke kumacala amabini, ngoko kuya kuba neengxaki kwinxalenye yendoda. Ukuba kukho ukungabikho kwendoda, ngoko kusebenza intsebenzo encinci - i-spermatozoon ifakwe kwiqanda elibanjwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Emva koko, iseli esele iqulethwe sisetyenziswe kwisibeleko somfazi.

UPawulos nqaku, ndifuna ukuthi umnikelo kunokuba nawuphi na umfazi ufuna, nto leyo efanelekileyo mnikelo ngenxa entry ethile. Kukholelwa ukuba ubudala ekungabonini ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-18 ukuya kuma-35. Ungeno yokuqala inokuba nomahluko (umzekelo, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kufuneka kuqale nge-25 eminyaka ubudala), kodwa qondo liphezulu ihlale ifana - esokuba ukuya kwiminyaka 35. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwesi sihlandlo sexesha, iiseli ezininzi abafazi banako ukuphila, oko kukuthi, kukho incopho zempilo ephathelele ekuzaleni. Kwakhona, abaxhasi imazi kufuneka ibe sempilweni nje kuphela ukusebenza komzimba; kodwa ngengqondo. impilo yabantu kufuneka kuqinisekiswa ngesiqinisekiso kwiingcaphephe. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwa iimpawu ezifana ubude, ubunzima, umbala weenwele, amehlo kunye ulusu, uhlobo iinwele, iqela igazi kunye nobuhlanga. Abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba uhlawule ngaphezulu ukuba umntwana wabo ukuba yemfuza ezithile. Ukongezelela koko, abaxhasi ngalinye kufuneka sidlule kuhlalutyo ezahlukeneyo malunga 6. Yena lokholo ngokupheleleyo ezamahala, nto leyo ethetha ukuba lo mfazi onikelayo ithuba elihle nje kuphela ukunceda sibini lithemba, kodwa kwakhona bapase iimviwo ebanzi. Phakathi kwamaqela kukho isivumelwano esibhaliweyo, esichaza amalungelo nemisebenzi ngamnye kubo. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba lo mfazi imele ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kangangokuba imvume yawo esebenzayo phantsi komthetho. Le nkqubo iqala nesibakala sokuba kufuneka uqhagamshelane umbutho efanelekileyo ukuba abhalise khona, uze ulandele onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko. Uyazi ukuba ngubani IVF kunye donor yeqanda? Izimvo aba bantu kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ingaba luluvo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba bakhetha icebiso omnye thethwano ugqirha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukhethe ikliniki kufunyaniswe ukuba unalo nodumo ethile kunye nobume, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki bafumane usuku olulodwa. IVF ngamaqanda abaxhasi, izinga impumelelo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kufuneka kwenziwa kuphela kwiziko, leyo imvume esemthethweni umsebenzi onjalo. Amaxwebhu kufuneka sibe nomdla kuba nje nabasebenzayo nto ukuzimela. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba anithanga ukunika ukufikelela amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba bacinge nto. Ukuba umntu omaziyo uye wazala ukunikela iqanda, kufuneka ucele ukuba ukhetho ekliniki kunye ukufumana phandle kwenziwa ngokwemiqathango ntoni.

Enye umdla imibuzo emininzi: "Kutheni ukukhulelwa kunye donor yeqanda?". Ukuphonononga funda akukho acetyiswayo kule nto, ukusukela ukuba ngamnye kakhulu. Naluphi na ingcali baya kukuxelela ukuba yonke into aya kuqhubeka nokukhulelwa eqhelekileyo. Ukuba ekuqaleni iqanda onikelayo iqhotyoshelwe apha, le meko okunye Classic.