Iphiramidi eziphilayo neendawo - it .. Ukulawula iphiramidi eziphilayo. izibonelo

Ngokufuthi isifundo iiphiramidi eziphilayo kubangela ubunzima obukhulu abafundi. Enyanisweni, nkqu iphiramidi kakhulu abangekaphuhli nezitho eziphilayo ukuqala ukufunda ngakumbi abantwana kokuya esikolweni nokuba isikolo kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Eziphilayo njengoko inzululwazi kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye baqala ukuba ahlawule isixa esikhulu ingqalelo, ngenxa yokuba lo inzululwazi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshanje. iphiramidi eziphilayo neendawo - ukuba yinxalenye eziphilayo nje inzululwazi. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na, kufuneka ufunde eli nqaku.

Yintoni na iphiramidi eziphilayo?

iphiramidi eziphilayo neendawo - yinto uyilo graphic elidla abazotywe ngayo imilo kanxantathu. Le mifuziselo zimele isakhiwo trophic of biocenosis. Oku kuthetha ukuba iphiramidi yokusingqongileyo zimele inani labantu, umsi okanye isixa-eneji eziqulathwe kuyo. Ngamnye kubo nga ukubonisa naluphi uphawu olunye. Ngoko ke, oku kuthetha ukuba iiphiramidi zokusingqongileyo unokuba iintlobo ezininzi: iphiramidi, ebonisa inani labantu, iphiramidi, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba inani labantu imelwe yi biomass Iphiramidi latest esingqongileyo, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wamandla eziqulathwe kule ethile esemzimbeni.

Yintoni iphiramidi lwamanani?

amanani iphiramidi (okanye inani) ibonisa inani eziphilayo kwinqanaba ngalinye trophic. Le modeli lokusingqongileyo graphic ingasetyenziswa kwinzululwazi, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Amakhonkco iphiramidi eziphilayo yendyebo angamelwa phantse infinity, oko kukuthi, isakhiwo uluntu zomhlaba yephiramidi ngendlela nzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, kwinqanaba ngalinye trophic kukho abantu abaninzi, ngenxa athi ngamanye amaxesha phantse nzima ukubonisa isakhiwo eqinileyo biocenosis scale enye epheleleyo.

UMZEKELO ngolwakhiwo iphiramidi yamanani

Ukuze siqonde iphiramidi yamanani kunye nolwakhiwo yayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba afumanise oko zenye olunjani yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo kuquka oku iphiramidi eziphilayo. Imizekelo Ngoku siza kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha.

Makhe inani luya kuba iitoni 1,000 yengca. Le imifuno, bathi ukuba unyaka-1 uya kuba nako ukuzondla kwiimeko endalo kusinda komyalelo ka-26 ezigidi iintlobo yeenkumbi kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Iintethe kulo mzekelo ziza kuba ngaphezu kwezityalo kwaye ibhale yesibini kwinqanaba trophic. Inqanaba lesithathu trophic iza kuba 90 amawaka amasele ngaloo nyaka walidla ukutya ngezantsi izinambuzane. Malunga 300 trout ziya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ezi amasele kulo nyaka, ngokulandelelanayo, baya kuba kwinqanaba trophic yesithathu iphiramidi. Umntu omdala uya kuba sele phezulu iphiramidi eziphilayo, kuya kuba ikhonkco yesihlanu nesokugqibela kulo mxokelelwane, oko kukuthi kwinqanaba lokugqibela trophic. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyaka abantu baya kuba nako ukuziphelisa ukudla trout 300. Ngenxa yoko, le ndoda ikhonkco liphezulu kwikhonkco lokutya, ngokulandelelana, sele siyigqibe ukutya akekho. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzekelo links elishiyiweyo kwesi amanani iphiramidi lokusingqongileyo akunakwenzeka.

iphiramidi ngolunya

It unokuba iintlobo zezakhiwo kuxhomekeka eziphilayo. Ngokomzekelo, izinto zendalo iphiramidi ezisentlabathini ndikhangele kakhulu efanayo njengoko iphiramidi amandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba iphiramidi biomass sakhiwe ngendlela yokuba isixa ngolunya kuya kuncipha ngalinye kumanqanaba alandelelanayo trophic.

Ngokubanzi, iphiramidi ngolunya wafundela ikakhulu kubafundi, kuba eziyimfuneko ekukhuliseni ukuqonda ezinye ngolwazi kwinkalo eziphilayo, imvelo ngokuphila. Le iphiramidi yokusingqongileyo - yinto umzobo umzobo ibonisa ukuzalana okukhoyo phakathi protsudentami (ngamanye izinto zemvelo kbavelisi ezingaphiliyo) kunye nabathengi (abasebenzisi ezi nezinto eziphilayo).

Yintoni abathengi kunye protsudenty?

Ukuze ngokuqinisekileyo uqonde umgaqo ngolwakhiwo iphiramidi ngolunya, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngubani na abathengi kunye protsudenty.

Protsudentami kukho izinto zemvelo kbavelisi ezingaphiliyo. Zizo ezi zityalo. Umzekelo, amagqabi zizityalo carbon dioxide (i iziyobisi ezingaphiliyo), kwaye avelise ngenxa photosynthesis into ephilayo.

Consuments - Customer data izinto eziphilayo. Kwimixokomelwano yeendawo ezisentlabathini yokuba izilwanyana nabantu, kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini - izilwanyana zaselwandle ezahlukeneyo kunye nentlanzi.

iphiramidi zocaphulo ngolunya

iphiramidi zocaphulo ngolunya na ulwakhiwo unxantathu zocaphulo phantsi, oko kukuthi, nomzantsi walo sincinane phezulu. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba iphiramidi umva okanye zocaphulo. iphiramidi Environmental uba ukwakhiwa kule protsudentov mzekelo biomass (abavelisi kwezinto eziphilayo) lingaphantsi biomass yabathengi (abasebenzisi kwezinto eziphilayo).

iphiramidi energy

Njengokuba sisazi, le iphiramidi eziphilayo - imodeli graphic ze-ikhosistim. Enye imifuziselo ebalulekileyo eziphilayo i ulwakhiwo lomzobo we ukugeleza amandla. Iphiramidi, nto leyo ibonisa isantya kunye nexesha sicatshulwa ukutya ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco lokutya, ubizwa ngokuba amandla iphiramidi. Kokuba siye saqulunqwa ukuba nzulu esidumileyo American, lowo ke bume kunye nzulu - uRaymond Lindeman. Raymond yaqulunqa umthetho (iphiramidi ngokuqhelekileyo kokusingqongileyo), owathi ukuba utshintsho ukusuka kumphakamo osezantsi trophic kumelwa ikhonkco lokutya olandelayo udlula malunga ne-10% (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) se-eneji kukhuphiswano kwinqanaba odlulileyo iphiramidi lokusingqongileyo. A inxenye eseleyo amandla ngokuqhelekileyo kuzanywa inkqubo ebalulekileyo sazo kule nkqubo. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo sonaniso kwinqanaba ngalinye eziphilayo ilahlekelwe 90% amandla alo.

Imfano yephiramidi amandla

Enyanisweni, umthetho ukuba amazinga aphezulu trophic uya ezincinane kakhulu (izihlandlo eziliqela) yamandla kunalawo angawona asezantsi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba amarhamncwa enkulu ixhoba mncinci kakhulu, umzekelo, amasele nezinambuzane.

Cinga, umzekelo, kwadlula irhamncwa onjalo, linjengebhere. Kunokuba abe phezulu, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba lokugqibela kakhulu trophic, ngokuba kunzima ukufumana isilwanyana kondliwa kubo. Kwimeko ukuba bekukho inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ukuba ubhebhethwe ukutya amabhere, wayeza kufa ngaphandle kuba nako ukuzondla, ekubeni amabhere inqabile. Oku kubonisa amandla iphiramidi.

Iphiramidi of equilibria zendalo

abafundi bakhe uqale ukufunda ku-wire 1 okanye ugrade-2, kuba kulula kakhulu ukuqonda, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kubaluleke kakhulu njengenxalenye nenzululwazi yezendalo. iphiramidi ulungelelwaniso isebenza eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kokubini apha uhlobo ezisentlabathini, kwaye ngwenya. Lidla isetyenziselwa ukuqhelanisa abafundi ukubaluleka zonke eziphilileyo emhlabeni. Ukuze uqonde ubume lwesilinganiso zendalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele le mizekelo.

Imizekelo yokwakha equilibria yephiramidi yendalo

NePiramidi equilibria yendalo ukubonisa intsebenziswano phakathi imilambo kunye namahlathi. Umzekelo, umfanekiso ngokwesini ukubonisa intsebenziswano zilandelayo kwemithombo yendalo: amahlathi khula phezu kweendonga omlambo, obehamba nzulu kakhulu. Umlambo abafumileyo kakhulu, kwaye phezu kweendonga zayo bakhula iintyatyambo, amakhowa, amatyholo. amanzi awo aba eninzi yeentlanzi. Kulo mzekelo, intsalela eziphilayo uyabonakala. Umlambo unika ukufuma yayo imithi, imithi kwakhona ukunika umthunzi, musa ukuvumela amanzi ukuze amanzi omlambo. Xiya xikombiso lexi lwesilinganiso malunga zendalo. Ukuba ihlathi into eyenzekayo, imithi ziya kutshiswa okanye wabagawula, umlambo yayiza koma ngaphandle kokuba ukhuselo. Lo ngumzekelo yokutshatyalaliswa eseleyo eziphilayo.

Le nto inye ingenzeka izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Cinga izikhova, iimpuku iinkuni kunye imbewu. Imbewu ezi sisiseko iphiramidi esikalini lwendalo uhlobo, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ungadli nto, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwalusa namabuzi. Icandelo lesibini kwinqanaba trophic esilandelayo iya kuba mouse ehlathini. Badla imbewu. On top of the iphiramidi ezi neenciniba, kuba zitya iimpuku. Ukuba imbewu ezilahlekileyo ezikhula emthini, iimpuku iya kuba bengenanto bangayidlayo yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba baya kufa. Kodwa ke akukho namnye uya leenciniba, kwaye zonke izimvo zabo ziya kulahleka. Le iphiramidi imali eseleyo yendalo.

Ngokusebenzisa ezi phiramidi zemvelo nga esweni imo yendalo, zasendle kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo.