Ioanno-Predtechensky I-Monastery yabesifazane (eMoscow)

I-Ioanno-Predtechensky I-Monastery yabaseTyhini (eMoscow) isicatshulwa esisebenzayo se-federal kunye nokubaluleka kwehlabathi. Ngobukho nobunzulu bezobugcisa, kunokwenzeka ukulandelela phantse yonke iMoscow edlulileyo, ngokuyinqaba kwayo, umlilo kunye nokubuyiselwa. Uyakwazi ukulahlekelwa kwimbali kwaye alahlekelwe yintsikelelo. Kodwa, ngenxa yokukholwa kunye nemizamo yabantu baseRussia abaninzi, uyavuya emehlweni ethu.

St. John uMbhaptizi

Lo ngcwele uhlonishwa phantse ngendlela efanayo neNtombi Mariya. Nguye owamemezela ukuzalwa kukaKristu ngokuzayo. Kwaye ngoko inkazimulo yakhe yakhiwa inani lamabandla kunye necawa, zombini eRashiya nakwihlabathi. Enye yezona zidumileyo yiStown John's Baptist Convent eMoscow.

Lo mntwana ongaqhelekanga wazalwa kwintsapho yabafundisi bakaZekariya noElizabeth. Wabikezela ukuba wayebukeka njani kuyise wengelosi enkulu uNabriyeli. Uthi umntwana ozayo uza kuba nguMesiya omkhulu. Akunakholwa, i-Zahariya ikhokhelwa ngesidenge.

Uneminyaka engama-30, uJohn wayesentlango. Wahokela ngobomi bendoda elungileyo, eyayizukisa ngayo kunye nokukhonza abantu baseYerusalem. Wayevame ukutyelelwa yi-sacrament enkulu yokubhaptizwa. Ngokwesiko, uKristu ngokwakhe waya kuYohane. Ekubeni, entlango, eMlambo iYordan, wabhaptizwa.

Ngeentshumayelo zabo kunye namabali ngoMesiya, kunye nokubonakalisa ezininzi zamagunya eziba nguYohane uMbhaptizi. Kamva, inxalenye yeempahla zakhe zanikwa iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo njengendlu.

Ukudibanisa

USt. John umBhaptizi weChapathizi usenkonzweni yaseMoscow. Itholakala kwinduli ephakamileyo, ejikeleza indlela yakudala eya eRyazan naseVladimir, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Solyanka".

Le ntsimi evela kumaxesha amandulo yayingowendlu yaseRashiya yaseGrisi. Kwakukho ukuhlala kwelizwe kunye negadi ezide. Banika amagama kwiimonasteri zendawo kunye namatempileni - kwi "Old Gardens".

Ukubonakala kweendwendwe kunye neendawo ezikufutshane kwakuchaphazeleke kakhulu ngumlilo, ukuchithwa nokutshabalalisa. Ngoko ke, akunakwenzeka ukubona umfanekiso walo wokuqala.

Ekuqaleni kwakuyithempeli eliqhelekileyo elilodwa. Kwizakhiwo kwakukho iiplanga ezintathu. Ngako oko, ukusuka phezulu kwetempile kwakubonakala sengathi yinto efana.

Ngoku siyakwazi ukugcina kuphela ubuchule obubuyiselweyo, obuye lwaphuhliswa kwiklasi yeXIX nge-academic edumile nohlonishwayo ngu-Bykovsky.

Phakathi kwendawo yokudibanisa iyona nxalenye yayo eyintloko - iCathhedral eneendalo ezinkulu. Intsimi yeendwendwe ihlukaniswe ngodonga lwamatye lasendulo. Kwaye kufuphi neSango eliyingcwele, kwacwangciswa iindonga ezimbini zeendonga. Endaweni esempuma ungabona isakhiwo esibhedlele esibalulekileyo nesonto. Kule meko, zonke izakhiwo zidibaniswe ngeefriji.

Kwintshona-ntshona-ntshona kukho isakhiwo seesel-ne-refectory. Namhlanje le nxalenye yenkxalabo iphantsi kolawulo loMphathiswa waseRussia weNgaphakathi. Ngelishwa, iyancipha kancane kancane.

Imbali yendalo

Isakhiwo seMonastery saseIoanno-Predtechensky sisakhiwo sasendulo. Emva kweziganeko ezininzi kangaka, kwakungabikho ubungqina bombhalo wendalo. Ngoko ke, kwezinye iindawo, idatha ihluke kakhulu.

Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwale ndwendwe kunokufumaneka kwii-annal ezikhoyo ezi-1415. Bachaza ukuzalwa kweNkosana Basil II yoMnyama. Ekuqaleni, le ndwendwe yayiyindoda. Kwaye ngo-1530 kuphela, emva kokudluliselwa ku-Kulishki, ngokuhlonipha ukuzalwa kukaJohn Vasilyevich, wanyulwa njengomfazi.

Iholide ehamba phambili, umhla othe ukubhiyozelwa ngawo ookumkani, kwakukho ngo-Agasti 29. Kwanikezelwa kwi-truncation yentloko kaYohane uMbhaptizi. Kwakhona, iinkosana zaseMoscow za tyelela iindwendwe ePasika. Kwaye kwavakala amaqanda nama-Easter amaqanda.

Kwakukho negama elinye igama - Ioanno Predtechensky stauropegial nunnery. Emva kwexesha, wagqiba ngeendawo ezintsha kunye namazwe, azinikelwa ookumkani kunye namagunya. Nangona kunjalo, kwakusoloko kutshabalaliswa njengoko kwakhiwe. Kwaye ngamaxesha onke le ndawo engcwele yayinabakhuseli abanamandla kunye nabanamandla.

Imbali yendlu yeendwendwe kwiRashiya yaseRashiya

Nangona bekudlulileyo, i-monostery ye-Ioanno-Predtechenskaya yayinguMlawuli waseMikhail Fedorovich. Bahamba no-Queen Evdokia Lukyanovna rhoqo ngonyaka kwi-monastery ikhefu ephumayo ngomhla wokukhunjulwa kukaYohane uMbhaptizi. Ngale maxesha i-refectory, itown clock bell yagqitywa kwaye insimbi entsha yaphoswa.

Ngelo xesha, isithethe saqala ukubamba izicaka kunye neentsapho ezintle kwiindwendwe zezizalwana. Idibene neendawo zokuhlala ezi ntlawulo zeentsapho, kwakunye nokuncitshiswa kwi-treasury yekosi.

Utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwizakhiwo kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo be-monastery ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky yabafazi ngexesha lolawulo lukaPetros I. Kwaye kwamukelwa umyalelo wokutshintsha iiseli ezininzi zamatye ngamatye. Emva kwexesha, ukubunjwa kweentlalo ze-monastics kuye kwatshintsha. Ngoku abantu abavela kwiklasi yorhwebi kunye nabafundisi baqala ukukhokela iindwendwe.

Emva kokutshiswa kweMoscow kunye nokupheliswa kweendwendwe ezininzi zamatye, i-Monastery ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky yakwazi ukubuyiswa kwaye ibuye ihlaziywe. Oku kwakungenxa yeSt. Philaret noMaria Mazurina.

Ixesha le-USSR

Ngokuza kwamandla abantu, ubuKristu kunye nayiphi na inkolo kunye nabalungiseleli bayo babeshutshiswa. Abemi be-Monarchy yasePredtechensky batyhutshiswa. Urhulumente omtsha wagqiba ekubeni acwangcise iinkampu zoxinaniso ezikhethekileyo kwiindwendwe.

Nguye owayevaliwe kuqala kwiidolophu. Abasemagunyeni bambamba zonke iibhanki zeebhanki, zithathwe impahla ekhutshweyo kwaye ingashenxiswanga, kwaye ivalwe i-infirmary ibamba. Amadonsa kunye neendvuna zatshutshiswa kunye neentlobo zonke zokuphulwa ngenxa yokugwetywa.

Kwaye sele sele ngo-1931 bonke abemi basele bebanjwe kwiintlawulo ezingenangqiqo kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-anti-Soviet. Amaninzi amaninzi athunyelwa eKazakhstan.

Ngama-1980, phantse ummandla wonke wee-monasteri wanikezelwa iimfuno zikamasipala nezolawulo. Uninzi lwazo kwaye luvela kwiSebe loMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi kunye negumbi leSebe kunye ne-bathhouse. Kwintsimi kwakukho igalari yokudubula, indlu yokushicilela kunye negumbi lokugcinwa kwengxelo ekhethekileyo yoluntu.

Kuphela emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, i-Monastery ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky yaqalisa ukuhlaziywa kancane kancane. Kancinci, iindawo zonqulo kunye nabashumayeli babuyela kuyo, kwaye indawo eyayihlala ihlala iqalile.

Abemi abaziwayo beendwendwe

Ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo, abaninzi abantu abavela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neembali ezahlukeneyo baye batyelela apha. Kwaye ke, elowo, babe neenjongo zabo. Apha abantu beza bekholelwa, benesimo esibi okanye sokucamagushela izono.

Kwiminyaka ye-tsarism, i-monostery ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky yabasetyhini yayisekelwa ngokupheleleyo yimali ye-Grand Dukes. Zonke izakhiwo ezizityebi zenze igalelo ezithile, zithatha inxaxheba ebomini beendwendwe. Ekupheleni kobomi, amalungu eentsapho ezintle bephuma apha. Apho bangcwaba izihlobo zabo ezifileyo. Kwaye i-monasteri yaba yindlu yokhokho yabasemagunyeni.

Kodwa abavolontiya abazange bathathe i-tonsure kuphela. Ngokutsho komyalelo kaTsar, ongathandwayo kwaye onobungozi kubaphathi babethunyelwe kwiindwendwe. Omnye wabemi abadumileyo ekuphumeni kweenkulungwane ezi-XVIII-XIX ezingaqhelekanga wayengumongameli odumile uAgasta Tarakanova. Yena, njengendwendwe eqhelekileyo yetrone, intombi evela kumtshato oyimfihlo ka- Elizaveta Petrovna kunye noRazumovsky, wayenyanzeliswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwaye enqatshelwe ithuba lokuphila ngokukhululekile.

Nangu, naye, wayengumhlanjulwazi owaziwayo wabalimi, uSaltychikha. Kwesazela sakhe kunabantu abangaphezu kwe-140 ababuleweyo. UDaria Saltykova wachitha iminyaka eyi-11 kwi-crypt. Emva koko waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale kwindawo ekhethekileyo evulekile, phambi kwazo zonke iindawo zonqulo.

Kwakhona kwakukho izihlwele zabo ezingcwele, ezazihlonishwa njengabangcwele. Ngokomzekelo, ibali lixelela malunga ne-schema kaMarta. Yayihlonishwa ngumfazi kaMikhail Fedorovich, njengomncedisi ngexesha lokubeletha. Kwaye nangemva kokufa kukaMarta, isiko sasihlala sikhonze ekungcwatyweni kwayo.

Imithambo ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky Monastery

Ukholo luzisa izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Kakade, indawo yokumiswa kweendwendwe ikhethwe ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, kungekhona ngeempawu, njenge-Leasinsky Ioanno-Predtechensky iindwendwe zamakhosikazi. Kodwa ngenxa yeminyaka emininzi, ngenxa yokukholwa kunye nokunqula, i-cloister yaseMoscow yayifanelekile inkazimulo.

Kwiminyaka emininzi yembali, le ndawo iqokelele izinto ezaneleyo zonqulo. Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezimangalisayo, kukho iingqungquthela zengcwele kwiindwendwe:

• St. John uMbhaptizi.
• UMfundisi Alexy.
• Umpostile uMateyu.
• St. Nicholas uMmangaliso.
• Umphilisi we-Great Martyr Panteleimon kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ioanno-Predtechensky I-Monastery yabesifazane (Vyazma)

Egameni lomprofeti omkhulu, iicawa ezininzi neetempile zakhiwa. ERashiya, ngaphezu kweendwendwe zaseMoscow zegama elifanayo, kukho i-monastery ye-Ioanno-Predtechensky yabesifazane (Vyazma). Kwasekwa kwingingqi yaseSmolensk, ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo, ngo-1536 okanye ngo-1542.

Ekuqaleni kwembali yeendwendwe, watyelela iiRussia ezikumkani uBrus Godunov kunye no-Ivan the Terrible. Ixesha leengxaki kunye neengxabano, wafumana phantse nakwezinye iindwendwe. Wayephangwa kwaye wabhuqwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukubona ukubonakala kwakhe kwasekuqaleni.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 i-seminary ekhethekileyo yalungiselelwa apha, kwaye ke iKholeji yoMoya. Ngexesha leSoviet, ubuninzi bezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zatshatyalaliswa, kwaye imisebenzi yokuvuselela iqhubeka.