Icon yeNtombikazi kaMariya waseBhetelehem. IiOthodoki. Imifanekiso yeZiNgcwele

Enye yeempile ezihloniphekileyo zobuKristu yinto yeNtombikazi kaMariya waseBhetelehem. Ibali lakhe alicebile, kodwa udidekile. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuba kubhalwe eRussia. Ngokwabanye, umdali walo wayengumLuki weVangeli. Lo ngcwele wabhala iimpawu ezintathu ezifanayo - i-Tsaregradskaya, i-Efese neYerusalem. Lo mva ubizwa ngokuba yiBhetelehem.

Imbali yecandelo loMama kaThixo waseBhetelehem

Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uLuka wachaza lo mfanekiso ngexesha lobomi beNtombikazi, ngoko ke ngokucacileyo ubonisa indlela iNtombi kaMariya ekhangele ngayo. Okokuqala, umshumayeli wadala enye icon kunye nomfanekiso weNtombikazi, kwaye emva koko ezimbini. Wagqiba ekubeni ubonise omnye kubo kwiNtombi uMariya. Umfanekiso wamkholisa uMama kaThixo, waza wamsikelela, wongezelela ukuba "nabo bonke abathandaza, bemjonga," kuya kuba nobabalo. "

ULevangelist uLuka wabhala iimpawu ezininzi apho abaxhasi bamaKristu baboniswa ngokuthembeka. Kukholelwa ukuba eminye imifanekiso yoMsindisi, kunye nabapostile uPetros noPawulos abadalwa nguye kwaye bangabonakali nto engaphezu kweefowuni eziqhelekileyo, kwaye akenzanga imifanekiso.

Ngo-463 amaSkthiya azama ukubamba i-Byzantium-Constantinople. Ukuze ucele inkxaso yeNkosi, uphawu lukaMama kaThixo waseBhetelehem lwaziswa kulo mzi ngumfazi kaKumkani uTheodosius, uEvdokia. Ngenxa yokuncenga kwakhe, uConstantinople waphikisana, kwaye amaSkiti ahlaselwa. Yayiyimangaliso yokuqala yomfanekiso. Emva koko, wabekwa ecaweni yaseVlaherna. Lapha uphawu luhlala ixesha elide - malunga neminyaka engama-300. Kukho inguqu ekhishiswayo umfanekiso awuyi kwi tempile yaseValherna, kodwa kwenye yeeCawa zeendwendwe ze-Odigon, apho igama layo lavela khona.

Ngowe-988, lo mfanekiso wathunyelwa eKorsun njengesipho kuNkosana Vladimir, owathuthela eStrigorod eSt. Sophia Cathedral. Kule tempile kwakuneminyaka engama-400 ubudala.

Igosa le icon

Kukho neendaba ezithakazelisayo malunga nale icon. Ngokomgca, uphawu aluzange lufakwe eRussia, kodwa lwasebenza njengento ekhuselekileyo yentombi ye-Byzantine umbusi uConstantine Porphyrogenous-uAna. Lo mfanekiso kwakufuneka umkhusele endleleni eya kwiChernigov, ukusuka eConstantinople. UAna waya khona kwindoda yakhe yangomso. Emva koko i-icon ibe negama layo elithi "Odigitriya", eliguqulela njenge "Guidebook".

Impawu zomfanekiso

Inqaku elithandekayo kukuba uphawu lweNtombikazi kaMariya waseBhetelehem ngumfanekiso kuphela apho iNtombi ihleka khona. I-Riza kwi-icon yenziwe yengubo yeNdlunkulu u- Elizabeth Elizabeth Romanova (1864-1918 gg.), UmKristu ongumfel 'ukholo. Kukholelwa ukuba nguye owanike le icon kwiBhetelehem. Kukho umxholo wokuthi induna yokugula iphelile ngokuthandaza phambi komfanekiso.

UKristu osemntwana uboniswa kwi icon ephethe esandleni sakhe enye yeempawu zamandla olawulo-amandla. Esinye isandla sinyuswa ngentsikelelo yesenzo. Intombi ibhekisela kuKristu. Kukholelwa ukuba ngale ndlela uzama ukuthetha ukuba unyana wakhe uYesu uyiNdlela yoBomi.

Imifanekiso yemifanekiso "Hodegetria"

Zonke iimpawu zamaKatolika nama-Orthodox, apho uMama kaThixo axelela uYesu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi "Hodegetria." Kuzo zonke iimifanekiso ezinjalo, iNtombikazi kaMariya iboniswa ukuhlala kunye nokumbamba umntwana uKristu. Ngokwenza njalo, unento enesandleni sakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo akusiyo amandla, njengemifanekiso yaseBhetelehem (nangona yaba ngumboniso wemifanekiso yonke yeHodegetria), kodwa umqulu okanye incwadi. Oku kuhambelana nohlobo lwe-iconography lukaKristu njengoMququzeleli, oko kukuthi, uSomandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo iNtombikazi Eyintsikelelo ibonakaliswe ngendlela enjalo kunqeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imifanekiso ye-Odigitria, apho iNtombi ibhaliwe i-brawny okanye ubude obude. Umxholo ophambili wemifanekiso yolu hlobo lwamacebo ombonakalo kukuba uKristu uphakathi kweso sakhiwo, kungekhona unina.

Uphi i-icon manje?

I icon yaseBhetelehem yoMama kaThixo, intsingiselo yalo, njengoko sasiyifumene-ukunqula umntwana ovela kuThixo, kwaye kungekhona umfazi owazalayo, useseBhetelehem, kwi-basilica yoKuzalwa kukaKristu. Ungathandaza kuye ngaphambi kokuba ungene emqolombeni apho uYesu Kristu ngokwakhe wazalwa khona. Umfanekiso ufakwa kwi-kiot yeenkuni kwaye ungakwesokudla kwodonga. Unyaka wonke, abahambahambayo bevela kwihlabathi lonke baya eBhetelehem ukuze banqule umfanekiso omangalisayo.

Ungathandaza njani xa uhleli phambi kwe icon?

Kwiimeko zingaphi i-icon yaseBhetelehem yoMama kaThixo inokunceda ? Umthandazo wabizwa xa kwenzeka ukugula kwabantwana. Unokucela uMama kaThixo ukuba aphilise abantu abadala. Kakade, amagama kufuneka athethelwe entliziyweni nangokholo olunzulu. Njengawuphi na omnye umfanekiso weNtombikazi kaMariya, le icon ingabancedisa abo abangenayo, kodwa bangathanda ukuba nabantwana. Akukho mthandazo okhethekileyo kwi-icon yeBhetelehem. Unokumcela nje ukuba umxolelwane ngamagama akho. Kwakhona kwimeko, kunye nomthandazo oqhelekileyo weNtombikazi Eyintombi - "Intombikazi Intombikazi iyavuya ...".

Yintoni i-akathist?

Akathist kwi-icon kaMama kaThixo okanye nayiphi enye ingoma ekhethekileyo eyenziwa ebandleni ngokuhlonipha uKristu, abangcwele, njl. Xa uthetha, awukwazi ukuhlala. AbaAkath bokuqala babhiyozela iNgcwele iNtombi. Zibhalwe ngesiGrike kwaye zihlanganiswe ngokwemiqathango ethile. Isakhiwo se-akathist sinomdla kakhulu: emva kwesigxina sokuqala kukho ezilishumi elinesibini elinesibini elikhulu kunye neshumi elinesibini elincinci.

Imbali yokubonakala kweempawu ze-Orthodox ehlabathini naseRashiya

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, kukholelwa ukuba imifanekiso yokuqala yayiyi-portraits eziqhelekileyo zoMsindisi, iNtombikazi, abapostile kunye nabangcwele. UmKristu omdala ngumfanekiso nguMsindisi ongenziwanga ngezandla. Ngokomxholo, umdwebi u-Ananya wanquma ukupenda umfanekiso wokushumayela uKristu, xa efundisa abantu baseYerusalem. Nangona kunjalo, akenzanga nto, kuba ukuthetha kukaMsindisi kwakuhlala kushintsha. Ebona ukuba umculi wayecaphukile, uKrestu wachaza ukuba acele amanzi, wawahlamba wamphula ubuso bakhe ngethawula, okwenza umqondiso wakhe ummangaliso.

Iimpawu zokuqala zenziwe ukuze kube lula kubantu ukuba bathethe noYesu, unina kunye nabangcwele kwizinga elingokomoya. Ukusuka eByzantium, isiko lokubhala imifanekiso esasazeka kwihlabathi. Iimpawu zaziqondakala kwaye ziphantse kubantu ababethetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yamandulo yayibizwa ngokuthi "iBhayibhile engakwazi ukufunda." Ngokwale mizobo, umntu ophakathi, ongakwazi ukufunda, unokufunda imbali yobomi bukaKristu, abapostile bakhe nabangcwele abangamaKristu.

E-Russia, umfanekiso wezobugcisa wawuvela kwi-Byzantium emva kokwamkelwa kobuKristu ngo-988. Kwada kwaphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe kwinto yobugcisa bokuqala baseRashiya. Imfashini yezobugcisa zemihlaba yaqala ukusasazeka kwilizwe lethu kuphela ngexesha lolawulo lukaPetros Omkhulu.

Abaphathi baseRashiya baqeqeshwa ngamaGrike amenywe ukupenda iicawa zamaKristu aseRashiya. Umsunguli wesikolo sokuqala esicacileyo se-iconography yayinguMetropolitan Illarion, owacebisa ukuba abefundisi nabafundisi bavelise inkcubeko yabo yonqulo yaseSlavic ngenxa yobuKristu obuvela eByzantium. Imifanekiso yokuqala yaseRashiya yabangcwele, abapostile, uMsindisi kunye noMama kaThixo yayingummangaliso kwiByzantium, yayinkulu ngobukhulu kwaye ihluke kwibuhlungu bombala.

Imifanekiso yeZiNgcwele

Ekuqaleni, imifanekiso yaseRussia iphindaphinda iindikimba zeempawu zaseByzantine. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha, eRussia yabonakala kunye nabangcwele. Kwaye kunye nabo, kunye neemifanekiso, ezibonisa. Omnye wabokuqala waba ngumfanekiso kaBoris noGleb, iinkosana zaseRashiya, ezabulawa ngumzalwana wakhe uSvyatopolk ngenxa yeenkolelo zobuKristu. Kwakukho ukuxhatshazwa ngo-1015 kwinqanaba lokulwa ne-internecine. Ezi nkosana zaba ngabokuqala baseRussia abangaboniswa. Kuze kube ngoku, uBoris noGleb bathathwa njengabaxhasi basezulwini baseburhulumenteni baseRussia.

Imifanekiso yamangalisa kaMama kaThixo

Ukongezelela eBhetelehem, kukho ezinye iimpawu zikaMama kaThixo, phambi kwayo imimangaliso yazo zonke iintlobo. Enyanisweni, kukho imifanekiso eninzi. Ngokomzekelo, uphawu olungummangaliso lukaMama kaThixo "Ukubulawa kwabafileyo" lunokukhankanywa. Xa yayingowomnye weentsapho zaseRashiya ezihloniphekileyo. Umnikazi wokugqibela wakhe wabonakaliswa, watshiswa ngentlungu kwaye wayesele esecaleni lokufa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthandaza ngokunyaniseka kwi icon, ndafumana uncedo. Iintombi zakhe ziye zatshata ngempumelelo. Uyise onombulelo wanikela umfanekiso kwicawa yendawo.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhankanyi uphawu lwamaMama kaThixo wase-Iberia, indawo yokuhlala e-Iberia yase-Athos. Lo mfanekiso umele enye yeenguqu ze-Odigitria. Ngaphambi kwakhe kwakukho inani elikhulu lokuphilisa ngokumangalisayo. I-icon kaMama kaThixo "Gqoba iintlungu zam", "inceba", i-Tkhivinskaya kunye nabanye abaninzi bayabonwa njengamangalisa.

Mirotochenie icons of Virgin

Kuyaziwa ukuba imifanekiso yeNtombi ihlala iyancibilika. Okokuthi, emkhatsini we-icon, amaconsi e-oily substance, efana neyingcwele kwihlabathi elisetyenziswe xa ubhaptizwa, avela ngokwabo. Ukucacisa le ngxaki, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-resin kwiipropati zeenkuni, kuba kukho ubungqina bemxholo weemore kunye nephepha eliqhelekileyo le-Xerocopies yemifanekiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo le nto ibonakalisa nayiphi na ingxaki. Ngokukodwa xa i icon ingenayo ioli ecoliweyo, kodwa ilwelo elibomvu, elifana negazi, okanye elibala, elifana neenyembezi.

Icon yeNtombikazi kaMariya waseBhetelehem kunye neminye imifanekiso efanayo - kungekhona kuphela imimiselo yobuKristu ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa nayo isebenze ngobugcisa, obuxabisekileyo bembali. Ininzi yale mifanekiso iqulethe iimfihlo ezininzi kunye neemfihlakalo. Mhlawumbi ngelinye ilanga izazi-mlando ziza kuzixazulula.