Intlanzi yaseTutum: indawo yokuhlala kunye nokuloba

Intlanzi yaseTutum ithathwa njengeyinqabileyo kwaye isondlo. Kuxabiseke kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-Iran, iDagestan kunye neAzerbaijan. Inyama yentlanzi iyinandi kakhulu. Isitya selizwe lesizwe sase-Iranian irayisi ephekwe ngelayisi. Intlanzi, isithombe esichazwe ngezantsi, sikhulu kakhulu. Ngo-1997 iindidi zafakwa kwi-Red Book ye-Russian Federation. Phantse iminyaka eyisibhozo ukususela ngaloo xesha, ukuloba i-kutum kwakunqatshelwe. Oku kwabangela ukwandisa kwinani labantu ngabemi beli ntlobo. Ichthyologists baqaphele ukuba kwakukho ngaphezulu kolwandle lolwandle. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuzaliswa kwezilwanyana ngeDagestani, i-Azeri kunye neengcali zase-Iranian.

Indawo

I-Caspian kutum yile ntsapho yaseKarpovs kunye nosapho lwaseRoaches. Uphi intlanzi yaseTumum? Indawo yaso eyona ndawo yiLwandle lwaseCaspian, ngokuyinxalenye yayo eningizimu-ntshona. Intlanzi yaseTutum ayiyi ngaphaya kweemitha ezingama-25, kwaye igcinwa kakhulu emlonyeni wemilambo. I-caspian kutum yi-subspecies ye-carp - isihlobo sayo esikhulu, esihlala kuyo ikakhulukazi i-Black and Azov. Kwi-Volga, inani labantu ngabanye kule ntlobo lincinci, ngenxa yamanzi aphantsi kumlambo.

Ukuhlawula

I-Nerestitsya kutum inhlanzi enyakatho yemilambo yaseLwandle lweCaspian, kuquka ne-Volga neTerek. I-Caviar ihlala kwindawo engacacanga - ngamatye nakwizityalo. Ukutshala i-Terek kubonakala malunga naphakathi koKwindla, kunye ne-Volga - ukususela ngo-Ephreli. Abantu abaselula bahlala kwimilambo malunga nemibini emibini. Emva koko, i-kutum idlulela elwandle. Emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka emine ubudala, abantu bafikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesini. Ikhefu labo liza kuhluma. Ubuninzi bexesha apho abantu abadala abadala be-kutum baphila khona, yiminyaka eyi-11. Ukuqhaqha kweeparele ebonakala kumadoda ngexesha lokuzalisa i-epidermal tubercles. Oku kukhulisa ukukhululwa kwamaqanda ngamabhinqa.

Morphology

Umzimba we-kutum unxubile, unobumba obumnyama obunobumba obuhlaza, isisu esilumkileyo nesilumko. Abafazi basoloko bekhudlwana kunamadoda. Kwaye inkulu intlanzi yentum, eyayibanjwe, yayingama-6 kg. Ukusuka kwi-Black Sea yayo, i-Kutum carp inesayizi enkulu yentloko ngokumalunga nomzimba kunye nobukhulu bomzimba kunye nobukhulu. Ukutya okuphambili kwe-kutum yi-mollusks, iimbungu kunye nezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo. Ixhapha iintlanzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo elwandle ngamanzi angcolileyo. Ngokomzimba womzimba, i-kutum ifana nentloko. Akukho sizathu sokuthi wayephosakele ngale ntlanzi yenzululwazi uPeter Pallas, owenza okokuqala inkcazo yezokwendalo ye-kutum. Intlanzi ayinayo amazinyo okwenene, kwaye ukutya kutyunyiwe ngoncedo lwamazinyo okuthiwa ama-pharyngeal. Into ekhangayo kakhulu ye-anatum yimilo ye- swim bladder. Ngokungafani nezinye iintlanzi, i-elongated kwaye ikhonjiswe kwinqanaba elingemuva. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Black Sea carp, i-kutum inezikali ezinkulu.

Uphi i-kutum ebanjwe?

Ngaphambili, abantu baseTotum abazange kwenzeke kwimilambo yethu. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwe-2000, kukho iimeko zokubanjwa kweentlanzi. E-Central Rashiya, intlanzi ye-kutum ayidla ngokungafaneki kwaye ayifumaneka ngokukhawuleza kwiintonga zokuloba abalobi. Ngoko ke, ukubamba i-kutum kubonwa ngempumelelo enkulu kumcubi onobumba. Uyabanjwa, njengoko sele sichazwe ngentla apha, e-Azerbaijan, e-Iran, eDagestan, nakwi-Volga, eLwandle lweCaspian, kumlambo waseDniester, eTerek ne-Bug.

Lokuloba elwandle

Ukubamba i-Kutum kwenzeka ngexesha lokuzala. Ngaloo xesha, intlanzi iqala ukufuduka kwayo ukusuka kummandla oselunxwemeni lwaseLwandle lweCaspian. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunxweme, imihlambi yeentlanzi ithunyelwa ngasentla, ukuya emifuleni iqhubela kwiCaspian. Ngexesha lokuhamba kolwandle, i-kutum igxininisa kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, kodwa kungekhona kwindawo yamanxweme angenanto, kodwa kwiindawo ezinzulu zamanzi. Ngoko ke, ukuloba elwandle kulo mzekelo uphumelele ngokuchanekileyo kumanxweme. Uloba olufanelekileyo kakhulu lokuloba luthathwa kwicala lentshona yemoya. Kwaye indlela efanelekileyo yokuloba kwi-kutum esuka kwibhankini ye-stony yile idonki kwaye ijikeleza ngamandla. Ngoko ke, gcina isethi yeesisindo, intonga enhle (i-bamboo engcono), iigwegwe kunye netheba lokuloba i-shrimp. Ukuloba i-kutum kuLwandle lwenziwa ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuMeyi.

Lokuloba uMlambo

Ukubamba i-kutum ephumelele kakhulu kwimlambo kuya kusasa ekuseni kwaye emva kweeyure zokuhlwa. Ngeli xesha lemini intlanzi ibhukuda ephuma ezinzulwini ukuze izondle. Kwinkqubo yokuloba, zama ukungafihli ukuthula nganoma yiphi indlela, ekubeni i-kutum yintlanzi enentlanzi kwaye, ngengozi encinci, iya kujula kwaye ifihlile ematye. Ubungqina obuhle kule ntlobo ziyimingxuma kunye neempundu. Ezi zilandelayo zixhomekeke emsila. I-fish kutum e-Astrakhan namhlanje ibanjwe bhetele kunaphambili. Kwimyuziyam yolondolozo lwendawo lwale dolophu kukho umzekelo weentlobo, ubukhulu obuyi 53 cm ubude. Abo bahamba ngomgwaqo omkhulu wase-Astrakhan-Makhachkala ehlotyeni babenokubona ukuba ininzi ye-kutum ephilileyo yayithengiswa endleleni. Kwakhona, nabani na ongaya kwingingqi yaseAstrakhan ukuloba. Kodwa kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba kule ndawo kwixesha ukususela ngo-Ephreli 20 ukuya ku-Juni 20, ukuloba kwindalo yonke akuvumelekile. Ukwenza oku kuvunyelwe kuphela kwiindawo zokuhlala zokuloba, ezidalwe ngokukhethekileyo kwimidlalo kunye nokuloba.