Inkqubo Geocentric kunye heliocentric zehlabathi; kufumaneka khona, ukubaluleka kunye umahluko

Beka Umhlaba inkqubo iphela ukususela kumaxesha amandulo akhathalelwe iinkcuba. Ukungabikho iindlela zokufunda zobugcisa echanileyo yezinto isithuba kunye namava kancinci yokuma, ilifa nezizukulwanza zangaphambili, akazange avumele izazinzulu eGrisi yamandulo ngamaXesha Aphakathi benza imbono epheleleyo kunye olululo isakhiwo iphela. Noko ke, ababhali iingcamango zokuqala khozimologi.Sonke wabeka isiseko apho kamva yenza isiseko solwazi mihla. Ke kubaluleke ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele kulo mba inkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi, kwenza izizukulwana izazinzulu iinkcuba bamaxesha ezahlukeneyo zophando entsha.

The concept geocentrism

Le nkqubo yendalo apho indawo esembindini linikwa ehlabathini. Kulo mzekelo, ilanga lijikeleza ngeenxa axis yayo. Ngokuhambelana kunye nokulungelelanisa inkqubo geocentric, ireferensi indawo lokuqala kwakhona isendaweni Umhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ummandla wendalo, ngokwale ithiyori, anqongophele. Impendulo kumbuzo ngubani owadala inkqubo geocentric, ezaziwayo namhlanje, nangona oomahluko ezininzi ziyabethabethana ucebisa ngababhali ezimbalwa. Sekunjalo, umseki kolu luvo yaba Klavdiy Ptolemey, ngubani eyabangela ukuba ingcamango indawo esembindini komHlaba iphela. Ukuba sithethe malunga ukutolika ezahlukeneyo kule mbono, ukuze inabe, umzekelo, wenza ingongoma inkxaso phambi umhlaba.

Kwakhona, kukho iinguqulelo ukuba Umhlaba usesikhundleni ngokusisigxina okanye uphendule. Kwelinye icala, geocentric inkqubo yehlabathi kwePtolemy kwifomu lwamandulo kubandakanya ujikeleziso imizimba yasezulwini. Ngokukodwa, uphando wakhe waqalisa ucazululo ukuzalana kwenyanga, olwamenza kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kwixesha elizayo, umbhali e-worldwork theory, weyiseka ukuba ukujikeleza umhlaba ngokwawo. Okuhamba, sibeka phambili iingcebiso ezahlukahlukeneyo ngendlela Umhlaba ugcina indawo yayo esisigxina.

izenzakalo ngeenkwenkwezi kwinkqubo geocentrism

Ingcaciso intshukumo ngokungalinganiyo imizimba yasezulwini na iingxaki kakhulu ukuze izazi zamaGrike. izimvo ezintsha malunga kwesindululo iiplanethi e excenters ezahlukeneyo baphalaze ukukhanya ngolwalamano phakathi imizimba yasezulwini, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kudala umngeni ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kule ndlela geocentric kwePtolemy waba umahluko kunye mfundiso kaPythagoras-zikaPlato, ekuthi ngawo imizimba yasezulwini baba imvelaphi nguThixo - ngoko, kwafuneka ukuba enze isindululo kuphela efanayo. Amarhamente lo mbono, liphuhlise indlela ekhethekileyo apho iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo izinto ziye zachazwa sisiphumo ezongezelelekileyo ukongeza ngakumbi ujikelezo efanayo kwisangqa. Nangona kunjalo, nokufika thiyori le bisection le eyinqaba loo magama akusekho yangoku.

Ethethelela inkqubo geocentric iphela

Phakathi iingxaki eliyintloko elijongene abalandeli geocentrism, kandziyisa ingqiqo iindawo esembindini zomhlaba kunye nokungakwazi yayo. Ukuba nkqu umbhali imodeli geocentric Klavdiy Ptolemey wathetha ngokuphathelele imeko yesibini iphela lubalulekile, ingcamango indawo umhlaba yaqhubeka sisiseko le ngcamango. Enye abaxhasi kolu luvo nguAristotle, owathi indawo esembindini zomhlaba ubunzima bayo. Ngokutsho kwimbonakalo ngelo xesha, indawo zendalo wamaziko enzima inokuba kuphela embindini iphela. Oku kuqonda iye yomelezwa kukuba bubunzima obuninzi kubangela izinto ukuze bawe ukuqethuka. Ekubeni zonke izidumbu indawo kongomisiwaka eka embindini kwehlabathi, ubunzima Earth kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba zibekwe kanye kule ndawo.

Kwakukho nezinye ukucacisa indawo esembindini bomhlaba. Umzekelo, Ptolemy inkxaso ingcamango nakwenzeka umhlaba ukuze babe kwindawo eyahlukileyo kwindalo iphela. Isizathu soku ilula - ngokuthi lisuswe Umhlaba ngasentla okanye ngasezantsi indawo kuthelekiswa ziko. Abacinga zivavanywe, njani awe umthunzi ukusuka elangeni nale uqwalaselo, waya kuphela kunokwenzeka, ngenxa yazo, i ngumfuziselo indawo-langa - elisembindini. Ndimele ndithi ukuba inkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi kwixesha elizayo uya ndikuchithachithe oko ngengqiqo kweemeko uqwalaselo kwi iphela.

Geocentricism e Renaissance

Ukususela kwixesha lokuqala kumaxesha, ngeenkwenkwezi eyaba inxaxheba nezenza baphande yaye baphuhlise iinguqulelo ezizezinye le uqwalaselo. Umzekelo, kwi-Renaissance, abaphengululi baseYurophu baye bazinikela ingqalelo kakhulu amanqanaba concentric. Ngelo xesha wabonakala kunye zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze imodeli, idibanisa inkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi, ubuncinane kwezinye iinkalo. Abaxhasi indibanisela enjalo babekholelwa ukuba umhlaba yayisesisazulu yehlabathi, kwaye, kwaye inyanga nelanga enye ixhomekeke axis yayo. Ngelo xesha linye ezinye umhlaba kwakukholelwa ukuba ziye zijikeleza ilanga. Lo mbono kunye nokhuphiswano engundoqo wayezele theory heliocentric. Okubalulekileyo, kunye nezinye iindawo apho ekuphuhliseni izazinzulu geocentricism le Renaissance. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi kwempembelelo bulumko zendalo, izazinzulu ngeenkwenkwezi abaninzi baye babhenela isifundo siyibambe superlunary kunye sublunary. Hi ndlela leyi, Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuba amazulu kwinqanaba elifanayo isikrokro, kwakunye uMhlaba. Kwakhona yabonisa izimvo kunye bemkhanyela ubukho emigangatho zesibhakabhaka.

Ukushiywa geocentrism

Uphuhliso olunzulu zenzululwazi kwinkulungwane XVII. bavunyelwe ukuba nokumisa ulwazi nokuphucula nokuqonda iphela. Kulo mxholo nako, ndawonye inkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi, kuba ingqiqo lwesibini ngakumbi ngokuqinileyo abacinga, phakathi kwabo Copernicus kunye UGalileo. Phakathi iziganeko yenzululwazi eziye zanegalelo ukungahoywa geocentrism, ingakumbi ime ngaphandle nokudalwa kwithiyori sesindululo-langa. igalelo elikhulu ukuya phambili ngeenkwenkwezi wenza ezifunyaniswe owawusisibonakude ka UGalileo, kwakunye ukufunyanwa kwemithetho Kepler kaThixo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba geocentricism elide exhaswa ibandla. amarhamente zonqulo le ngcamango babekholelwa ukuba umhlaba wadalelwa ukuba amandla kaThixo yomntu, ngoko ke indawo esembindini kwindalo iphela kusengqiqweni nezendalo. Nangona le nkxaso, imodeli geocentric ka Copernicus similise kwingcamango entsha, akamkeli sembindini woMhlaba. Okuninzi Imigqaliselo eziphambili owawusisibonakude yokulahlwa geocentricism Classic ehlahla indlela heliocentrism.

Kakuhle eli inkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi

Nangona kwincopho nophuhliso kolu luvo kwenzeke kwi Renaissance, neengcambu zawo livela kwiGrisi yamandulo. Inyaniso kukuba ngexesha kwePtolemy yaba geocentrism ingqiqo lihle kakhulu, azaba heliocentrism. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le meko iye yatshintsha, ukuvumela abaxhasi kunye enye uluvo ukuseka imbono yayo. Kwakukho le nkqubo esikolweni kaPythagoras. Ngokutsho ababhali inkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi, Philolaus of Croton, uMhlaba akukho eyahlukileyo kwezinye iiplanethi, kwaye ihamba phakathi into twisiseka, kodwa hayi ilanga. Kamva kulo mbono wokuyihlaziya kwezinye iinkcuba, kwaye nexesha le Renaissance thiyori abaxhasi, weyiseka ukuba ilanga umzimba engundoqo kwaye kugxile kulo ihlabathi. Kamva, inkqubo Copernican yaphuhliswa apho iplanethi wenza setyhula motion efanayo.

Uthelekiso iinkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi

Kangangexesha elide abaxhasi iikhonsepthi babini abazange bakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwimiba eliqela esisiseko. Into yokuba omabini mbono ezahlukahlukeneyo ezininzi, watshintsha kwaye saphucula, kodwa imigaqo esisiseko sihlale siqinile. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweenkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi yancitshiswa endaweni ye umhlaba kwindalo iphela kunye kwawo ilanga. Abaxhasi kombono yokuqala babekholelwa ukuba umhlaba usesikhundleni engundoqo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, geocentricism lubonisa ukuba i-Earth eyayisaya ilanga, kwaye ngexesha elinye ujike axis yayo.

Uphuhliso heliocentrism Kepler

Theory ukususela kuqulunqo yayo yokuqala itshintshe kakhulu ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Sinokuthi uMdali kwenkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi kwi uqikelelo ukuya ukuqonda mihla le fom - kuba Iogann Kepler, owenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso ngeenkwenkwezi. Nkqu ngexesha izifundo zakhe waqonda ukubaluleka ecacisa iintshukumo entsonkothileyo iiplanethi. Kwixesha elizayo, kuya ukuphuhlisa izakhono ukubala isikali kwenkqubo langa ngoncedo lwe data lokuqwalasela.

Of ulwazi lwenzululwazi ziqulunqwe Kepler, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele intshukumo iiplanethi ngendlela ellipse, komzila ngokuqaliswa lwengqiqo, kwakunye izizathu ezibangele lo imithetho emitsha, leyo iza kucacisa ukuma Umhlaba kuthelekiswa ilanga. Kakade ke, umseki kaPythagoras kwenkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi, mhlawumbi andizange ndiyicinge zingaphuhliswa indlela ingcamango yakhe. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukomeleza yawona yamandulo ingcamango kolawulo echanekileyo.

Heliocentrism negalelo kuphuhliso ye physics

Ukwandiswa thiyori negalelo kuphuhliso zemvelo ubucukubhede. Isibakala sokuba izazinzulu obeqhuba uphando kwezi nkalo kwaba umbuzo obalulekileyo - kutheni intshukumo ihlabathi waziva ngabantu? Impendulo yaba kwezinto sentshukumo. inkqubo Geocentric kunye heliocentric zehlabathi ngeendlela ezininzi zimele ifuthe womxhuzulane. Kwimeko yokuqala, isiseko sale lwamandla amanqwanqwa ekwiseli, yaye ngokusekelwe ingcamango heliocentric kamva yaqulunqa umthetho ka, kwakunye umgaqo inertia. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, oosonzululwazi baye basungula indlela jikelele ngawo isigqibo phantse zonke iingxaki ubucukubhede.

Ixabiso le nkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi

Xa inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki, nto leyo maxa wambi ezahlukahlukeneyo wabeka ingqiqo heliocentric wendalo iphela, izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukuqulunqa imigaqo apho inkqubo langa yomveleli. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zifundo zokuhamba kweenkwenkwezi, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, nempembelelo uphuhliso physics. Sinokuthi ukuba abalandeli bale thiyori wabeka isiseko ubucukubhede ngohlobo lwayo ubhedu. Kodwa impendulo kakhulu nomdla ngakumbi umbuzo wokuba yintoni intsingiselo kwenkqubo heliocentric zehlabathi ngokwemiqathango ngeenkwenkwezi. Kuqala kwinto zonke, le nkqubo iye yavusa uphando kwinkalo komhlaba obalaseleyo, leyo ukuba ukuvula izithuba ezintsha iphela. Ukongeza, ngenxa ngokucalula heliocentrism yaba umahluko ulwazi kunye nonqulo lwezenzululwazi.

isiphelo

Ngaphandle inkqubela enkulu iindlela zeteknoloji ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, nanamhlanje, musa kupheza ingxoxo malunga indawo umhlaba kwindalo iphela, nokwadala inkqubo geocentric kwaye heliocentric zehlabathi. Ilanga, njengokuba ngaphambili, yenye embombo kwiingxoxo hlobo. Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu ezininzi indalo bayavuma ukuba impendulo ngqo ngokupheleleyo ukuba imibuzo malunga bokuqonda ukujikeleza umhlaba ngeli nqanaba inkqubela umntu akakwazi ukunika. Ngokubhekiselele kwindawo esembindini kwindalo iphela, yaye yonke into icacile. Inyaniso yokuba, xa Infinity isithuba, nayiphi na indawo unako ozakuthathwa iziko, ngoko ke uloyiso ngokupheleleyo imfundiso heliocentric of geocentrism abakwazi ukuthetha.