Inkcubeko yoluntu eyayingekaphuhli - ingakumbi layo

Inkcubeko yoluntu nobu-, nesuka kunye nendoda eyingqondi, ingqalelo elona xesha kakhulu embalini. zonke izizwe iplanethi yethu isangene eli nqanaba lophuhliso yezembali, oyinxalenye imvelaphi kwimpumelelo ezilandelayo yoluntu (zombini yokomoya material). Yaba ngeli xesha kwakukho abantu bokuqala kunye nemeko yokuqala, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubomi babantu eyayingekaphuhli akazange abe zoviwo ezipheleleyo izibakala.

Uphononongo lwe inkcubeko eyayingekaphuhli wawunzima kukunqongophala emandulo base data kunye nokungabikho imithombo ebhaliweyo. Xa sijonge le nyaniso, izifundo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye ngokutsha izigigaba ezithile kwimbali yeli xesha. Amaninzi, le ingqalelo ehlawulwa izizwe Australia, Oceania, Afrika, njengoko kuthathwa ukuba babe 'ziyaxinga "xa nisaqala lophuhliso loluntu.

Izixhobo ilitye lokuqala, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba zenziwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezibini eyadlulayo. Qaphela ukuba xesha yethu iKrismesi ithatha kancinane ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka 2, yaye loo nto inika ilungelo lokuba bathi phantse 99% ngembali yaso, ubuntu wayehlala ibutho lokuqala.

Inkcubeko yoluntu eyayingekaphuhli iye Okukodwa yaso, leyo ichazwa inani leefekthi aqinisekisiweyo. Okokuqala, sizalwa zokulima abangekaphuhli kunye nezixhobo zilula. Okwesibini, eli xesha iphawulwa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo nolwazi olusisiseko lwenzululwazi, kodwa ulwazi ngezenzeko zendalo baba kakhulu, nangona buqondwe kwinqanaba enobuchwepheshe kuphela. Okwesithathu, ukuba uluntu nobu-, inkcubeko ukhetheke ukuba ubukrelekrele abantu ababehlala kwelo xesha, akazange obuphantsi neyethu. Ngenxa kule basonta ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle apho abaphengululi abaninzi akukho kuphinda ukumela uphuhliso olungaphezulu inkcubeko (thina sithetha malunga nokwakhiwa kwezindlu, umlilo ekufundeni ubugcisa, ukufuywa kwezilwanyana).

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka balubiza inkcubeko nobu-, nto leyo inkalo ebalulekileyo kwesi sithuba senzelwa le ngxelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwi inkcubeko wamandulo iingcali ayibanga kuba kwakungekho ezikhethiweyo evela kuluntu. ummeli ngalinye uhlobo eyayingekaphuhli of kwafuneka ukuba abe nolwazi olusisiseko leyo kuvumela ukwenza yonke imisebenzi. Kwimbono yehlabathi nokuphila babantu undifferentiated. Nganye abantu ekwakuphila ziyinxalenye yendalo (akukho mntu wacinga ngexesha malunga nendlela yokwenza wena kwiklasi). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ke, ukuba sisekelwe phezu balubiza samalinge yokuqala ukucacisa ihlabathi. Xa intliziyo imibono enjalo nokwenziwa nokucinga yi mfanekiso.

Inkcubeko yoluntu eyayingekaphuhli enye peculiarity: ngoxa abantu (ngaphandle ngaphandle) wayekholelwa ukuba abaninzi imithi, imilambo, iintaba namawa noopopayi, ngoko benokuba nempembelelo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini. Kungekudala iseti balubiza umlingo kunye abangekaphuhli ikhokelela ukuvela umsebenzi representational, leyo kudala ubugcisa.

Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kunye nenkqubo yokuhlelwa nenkcubeko kwakudala. Ngelishwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho cebo eyodwa yokwahlukana, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu futhi equlunqiweyo kugqalwa periodization zakudala. Oku kusekelwe ngabantu ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, kwakunye nazo zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Nikhokelwa ngulo mgaqo-calulo neyantlukwano, inkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu yohlulwe kweminyaka emithathu: ilitye, ubhedu nentsimbi. Eli xesha lide kwimbali yoluntu ithathwa i Stone Age, nto leyo, yahlulelwe kwii zaphawula amathathu: Paleolithic, Mesolithic kunye Neolithic.