Gunboats "Korean", "Sivush", "beaver", "Gilyak", "Hivinets", "ngamaqhawe", "Usyskin" imizobo yabo kunye neemodeli

Gun boat (gunboats gun boat) na wempi-moya, nto leyo features izixhobo ezinamandla. Kujongwe ukuba baqhube imisebenzi yokulwa kwimimandla yonxweme, amachibi kunye nemilambo. Kakhulu wayedla ukukhusela kumazibuko.

Ukubonakala gunboats

ERashiya, oluninzi amachibi, imilambo kunye umda elide amanzi nzulu onxweme. Ngako oko, ukwakhiwa gunboats nako kuqwalaselwa yemveli, kuba ezinye iinqanawa babengakwazi ukuba baqhube imisebenzi kwiimeko ezinjalo. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi akazange izicwangciso wemvula. Kwi-1917 gunboats eli-11 kuphela, ezinye ezo laphehlelelwa kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Kuba uninzi lwezi gunboats Imfazwe Civil yaba wokugqibela. Wasinda gunboats-2 kuphela - 'Abakhaliphileyo "yaye" Hivinets ". Ngoko ke, abayili wayithabatha njengesiseko ukuvelisa iinqanawa ezininzi zokudubula phambili.

"Wayengoyiki" - inqanawa endala, nto leyo yinxalenye yelifa yokumkani. KuLwandle lweBaltic iye wakhonza iminyaka engama-63. Ekuqaleni, ukusetyenziswa kufakwa ngemipu ezintathu (ezimbini 203 mm enye - 152 mm). Noko ke, ngo-1916 kuyo ziphuculwe. Ke kaloku kwakukho guns ezintlanu.

"Hivinets" wadalwa kwisibhedlele i-Gulf, ngoko firepower isekelwe imipu nje ezimbini 120 mm. Kodwa kule inqanawa iimeko ekhululeke kakhulu.

Emva 1917, zombini izikhephe engasekho ingqalelo xa kusenziwa entsha ngenxa yobudala babo zihlaba.

imodeli

Xa fleet waziva amandla kunye nokunyamezela gunboats, kwagqitywa ukuzakha 'ukuze iimfuno East Far. " Kwaye nangona iimeko ezintsha ode phambi imfazwe. I AMAGQABAZA ▸ okuqala "anesibindi" yaye "Hivinets".

Emva yotshintsho yaqalwa imizobo lohlobo enqanaweni "Gilyak". Noko ke, baba buthathaka kakhulu, le abayili baye bazama ukomeleza parameters ezifana ingami kuluhlu. Kodwa wasilela ukwenza njalo. Ekubeni kwakungekho izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, gun boat akazange kuqhubeka ukwakha, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ngoko kukho "Ardahan" yaye "Kara". iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezi kanlodok bubuxoki nokusetyenziswa kwezityalo amandla diesel. iimveliso zepetroliyam ngelo xesha iintlobo ezininzi ezikhoyo utshiswe, ndenjenjalo "Ardahan" yaye "UCara" baba iindleko-olusebenzayo.

Ukususela ku-1910, Marine iSebe ligqibe kwi langoku ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Kwaye oku xa uninzi gunboats sele zilungiselelwe ukuba ukusungulwa, aqhube imisebenzi yokulwa. Isigqibo yenziwe ukomeleza ukhuseleko zokudubula. Konke oku kuchaphazela uyilo. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kanlodok wahamba ngenxa ngokutsha. Olu hlobo ubizwa ngokuba "Buryat".

Ngenxa yoko, imizekelo gunboats rhoqo zatshintsha, zincediswa uhlobo mihla yezixhobo kunye iinqaba. Akukho wempi, nto leyo awenze kwase yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Legendary "Korean"

Gun boat "Korean" lisetyenziswa kwi-East Far ukuba kwezithandani le "inboxer Rebellion". Yaba yinxalenye zezithuthi ngamazwe. Ngexesha amadabi gun boat wafumana ukonzakala ezinzulu eziliqela, ingathi ixatyelwe wambulala.

Phambi kokuba gun boat War Russian-Japanese "Korean" sele iguqulelwe zibuko Korean Chemulpo. Kunye nayo bahamba Cruiser irenki yokuqala "Varyag". Februwari crew 8 isikhephe wayalelwa ukuya ePort Arthur kunye Amagqabantshintshi ozakuzo. Nangona kunjalo, eli zibuko ivalekile, okubangela endleleni "Korean" ivaliwe. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa wagqiba ukuba babuye umva, emva koko ababhuqi utshaba wahlaselwa torpedoes. Nangona ngoku ingqalelo ukuba kungenzeka ukuba izithuthi Japanese sele efanisiweyo kuphela.

ukuhlasela inomzimba ngenxa "Korean" uvelisa kuqhuma. Zezona yokuqala emfazweni Russian-Japanese.

Ngokutsho projekthi yakhiwe "Korean" gunboats ezininzi, asetyenziswa mihla.

"Varyag" yaye "Korean": impi indlela yakho

Ngowe-1904, emini emaqanda, ekhuselweyo cruisers "Varyag" kunye gun boat "Korean" wangena edabini kunye butho Japanese, eyathatha iyure. Against iinqanawa ezimbini benze izithuthi lonke Japanese. Gun boat wathabatha inxaxheba kwisigaba sokugqibela edabini, ebonisa ukuhlaselwa inomzimba. Iyure emva kokuqalisa Cruiser edabini ukwehla, kwaye gun boat "Korean" ivaliwe ngokunduluka kwakhe.

Ngexesha edabini nxamnye notshaba 52 oonokrwece kudubula. Kodwa oku akuzange yabonakala nakanjani akukho monakalo okanye ilahleko evela gun boat. Njengoko "Korean" yaba wempi izixhobo zokudubula ezinamandla, abanjwe kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba siphephe. Ngoko ke Chemulpo kuhlasela kwagqitywa ukuwavuthela it up. Boat crew wafudukela wakhwela Cruiser French "Pascal". Kungekudala wazisa oomatiloshe eRashiya.

Amaqela, phila emfazweni, zanikwa iimbasa kunye namanqaku agqamileyo. Kwakhona, imbasa ekhethekileyo yasekwa imbeko kubo. Ngoko ke Cruiser kunye gun boat wenza imbali.

gun boat Young "Hivinets"

Gun boat "Hivinets" waba ngummeli mncinane leenqanawa zokudubula ngamaxesha tsarist. Uyilelwe ukuba ukungena kwiBaltic Fleet. Enqanaweni olwandle, kodwa iimeko zayo ukusetyenziswa kunye nomlambo. Ke yena Ngesibindi wamelana uvavanyo kweemeko ezinzima.

Gun boat "Hivinets" wayalelwa kule minyaka 1904-1914, xa waqalisa ekomelezeni zezithuthi Russian. Noko ke, kanye imodeli ngokwalo ekujoliswe ngo-1898. Ngelishwa, emva kokukhutshwa modeli akukho maxesha wayengekho yintoni eyabangela ezisebenzayo elimxinwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe amandla kunye nokunyamezela gunboats. Inyaniso yokuba amandla okunyamezela iimfazwe ezinjalo, apho wafela khona enye, a iinqanawa zokudubula oselula. Mhlawumbi loo nto kudala isetyenziswa prototype kulwakhiwo iinqanawa.

"Sivush" zobugorha

Xa Gulf of Riga, i-gun boat "Sivush" wafa bangamaqhawe edabini kunye Zempi waseJamani. Yiyo loo nto bonke nyaka Septemba 9 wave ukuthatha ezahlukeneyo imibala kunye nezidanga evela Riga kunye eRashiya.

August 19, 1915 Imperial Navy yathatha Zempi German. Kude ekugqibeleni na iyaziwa ncam into eyenzeka ngaloo mihla, yaye elide kuba aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Kodwa ukulwa kufutshane nesiqithi Kihnu wenza butho iJamani zahlukane bahlaselwe kwi Gulf of Riga, kwakunye kuqhuma iinqaba yonxweme. Le njongo iphambili yale ayihlasela yezi zithuthi waseJamani.

Gun boat "Sivush" koko nisindiswe Riga ekufeni kunye kwintshabalalo. Ixabiso feat enjalo ukutshatyalaliswa enqanaweni, ngokunjalo kusinda bonke. Nangona gun boat wabizwa Baltic "Varyag" Kwaba ubuqhawe phezulu kangaka oomatiloshe.

I-Sand Pebbles "beaver"

Gun boat "beaver" libhekisela Gilyaki uhlobo. izithuthi ezo eyenzelwe ukukhusela Amur River ukuya ku iyavuma. Xa sifika awo iqela elincinane iinkampu zomkhosi, kwaye kufuneka yanikezelwa inkxaso zokudubula. Ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane izinto, uyilo uthiwe ngokusekelwe ingami enkulu kunye noluhlu ukuzimela. Nangona kunjalo seaworthiness practice kwaba sezantsi kakhulu.

Ixabiso gunboats yale hlobo ibe ncinci ukususela ngezikhali akazange anikele ingqalelo kakhulu Xa uziyilela. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ukuba yayisetyenziswa iziseko yokuqubha. Uyilo kunye AMAGQABAZA ▸, Kakade ke, akazange aqonde. iinqanawa elizayo eyamkelwe ezi izikhephe kuphela yokulwa koxolo.

"Beaver" yasekwa ngo-1906, emva konyaka oko kwehliswa emanzini. Ngowe-1908, i-gun boat bangena fleet Russian. Phezu imbali yalo ibavelele amaJamani. Lalinazo ngo-1918 baza basenza workshop ukuqubha. Kulo nyaka, isikhephe ugqunywe Estonia. Nangona iye yaphela ngenxa whack, kodwa ke inani elo butho kweli lizwe.

Gun boat wakhonza iminyaka engama-21, ngo-1927 yena wathunyelwa lumiswe.

River (edikeni) kunye gunboats zaselwandle

Nangona umsebenzi omkhulu, phantse zonke ezo gunboats zasetyenziswa kubetha kumaziko eselunxwemeni. Injongo lokuhlaselwa ezinjalo kwezithandani kwamandla komlilo utshaba, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni eqela labasebenzi. Ukuba isikhephe wahlala kufutshane yomda wayo, lo gama injongo yawo kukuvumela ukukhusela izibonelelo yonxweme, ukukhuselwa iinqanawa yotshaba.

Kukho ulwandle emlanjeni gunboats. Umehluko omkhulu wabo ubunzima. Eyokuqala ukufikelela inginginya kweetoni 3000, le yesibini - ngo 1500. Kakade ke, ngokusekelwe igama, kusengqiqweni ukucinga, ziziphi iindawo ziza kusetyenziswa gunboats.

Ukusebenza kunye nokusebenzisa gunboats

Gunboats iimoto ezininzi ezisebenzayo lobeko zokudubula. Uyilo uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwimisebenzi zomkhosi kwizowuni yonxweme, imilambo kunye kufuphi Nqabakazi kunye kwiziqithi ezincinane enamatye.

Gunboats unako ukuyenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Defence esimhlophe, amazibuko, amachweba
2. indiza
3. amajoni Inkxaso phezu iibhanki
4. Indiza ukulwa ebikhona utshaba
5. imisebenzi kwamakhaya, ezifana ukuthunyelwa kwempahla

Kuxhomekeka gunship apho kuya kusetyenziswa, uyilo baso zinokohluka, izakhiwo ezizodwa bamiswa. Kukho unarmored, bronepalubnye kunye izikhephe vehicles. Kaninzi basebenzisa yesibini ukhetho kuba inika ukhuselo elungileyo kakhulu, kodwa wafumana ubunzima ephantsi, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle ngokukhawuleza.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu gunboats

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu, wagqiba apho gun boat izakusetyenziswa. Kukho eziphambili iparameters ezintathu:

1. Ukufuduka. Iinqanawa angaya phantsi emanzini yokukhuseleka nokuziphatha ngamajoni kwiilwandle okanye imilambo namachibi.
2. Speed. Kuyinto 3-15 amaqhina. Isantya kuxhomekeke kuhlobo loyilo sinikezwe gun boat. Kunokuba awuhlinze, vehicles kuphela kwiindawo abasemngciphekweni, kwakunye ngokupheleleyo. Kakade ke, oko kwandisa ubunzima balo, nto leyo kakubi kuchaphazela isantya navigation.
3. Kwezikhali.

Ekubeni gunboats kwakukho iinqanawa, imipu zifumene ingqwalasela enkulu. Babekwazi kuthweswa kunye 1-4 izenzo ngemipu le bodidi engundoqo (203-356 mm). Le ndlela kuyilo kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo gunboats zaselwandle. River izikhephe ngokufuthi ayengenazixhobo imipu eliphakathi-ukuvuleka (76-170) kunye.

Kwakhona, kuxhomekeke yesicelo kumgangatho ingafakwa oluzenzekelayo umpu "Zenith" nemipu umatshini. Eyokugqibela zakhiwa kunqabile kakhulu ngenxa kuluhlu lwabo elifutshane.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukufumana gunboats ezimbini twatse. Umzekelo Ngamnye okulungileyo yayo, sanikwa kusebenziso eyahlukileyo. Imbali ibonisa ukuba gunboats ezininzi Russian nga yedwa bayayichasa yonke butho. Le mpumelelo kuphela iinqanawa ngqo yomkhosi kunye nabayili zabo, kodwa aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa isibindi sakhe siye sehla isiphumo emfazweni emagemeni abo.