Inkcubeko yexesha elide kwi-vitro embryo. Ukulima kwegetet nee-embroyos - yintoni na?

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amabini, imibhangqwana eneengxaki zokukhulelwa kunye nokuzalwa komntwana kunethuba leprogram ye-vitro fertilization. Ngokuqinisekileyo, okwangoku kuyinkqubo ebiza kakhulu, umphumo walo awusoloko uhambelana nokulindelwa kwezigulane, kodwa kusekhona ithuba labo bafuna umntwana wabo ngokofuzo. Ukulima kweembrusi kwenza kube lula ukukhetha kuphela into enokusebenzayo, kunye nokungabandakanyi izifo zemizimba.

I sigama

I-vitro fertilization yinkqubo yezobuchwepheshe bokuzala, okubandakanya ukutshiza iqanda lomama ngaphandle kwesibeleko kunye nokufakela umbungu ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwi sixhenxe.

Ukulima kweembrusi kukulondolozwa kophuhliso kunye nomsebenzi obalulekileyo wemibusi yabantu ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwisigodlo se-uterine.

Izigaba ze-IVF

Inkqubo yokwehliswa kwezinto ezenziwe ngamagqabantshintshi inamanyathelo amanyathelo amaninzi amaninzi okanye amanyathelo:
1. Ukukhuthazwa kokugqithisa, ngokuhambelanayo nokubekwa kwe-folliculogenesis kunye nokukhula kwe-endometrium.
2. Ukuhamba kwee-follicles.
3. Ukufaka umquba weqanda kunye nenkcubeko yebriyo kwi-vitro.
4. Ulondolozo lwengqondo lwesigaba sokuqhawula umjikelezo wesini.
Ukutshintshwa kwembilini kunye nokuxilongwa kokukhulelwa.

Kubafazi abaselula, i-IVF ingenziwa ngaphandle kokugqithisa.

Iinkcazo kunye nokuchasene kwi-IVF

Isiphakamiso salolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lukho kubakho bhinqa abangenasifo, ezingenakho ukulungiswa kwonyango, ngaphandle kokuba i-IVF inika ithuba elikhulu lokukhulelwa.

Ukungqinelana kuquka:
- I- pathologies yangaphandle isongela ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa;
Ukungasebenzi kwemveliso yesisu;
- neoplasms ze-uterus kunye nama-ovari;
- Izifo ezivuthayo (hhayi kuphela inkqubo yokuzala);
- ubukho be-oncology kwi-anamnesis.

Ukulungiselela indlela ye-IVF

Isigaba sokuqala kukuqokelelwa kohlalutyo kunye nokuchongwa kwamathambo. Ngenxa yoko, isigulane kufuneka sidlule ukuhlolwa kwegazi kumahomoni wesondo, kunye nokuhlolwa okubanzi ngokubanzi kwe-biochemistry kunye nokunyamezela kwe-glucose. Utshekishelo olunzima malunga nokusulelwa kwe-urogenital kunye novavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwangaphakathi lwezityalo zokuzala.

Iqabane kufuneka lenze i-spermogram ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nantlupheko. Kufuneka ukuba uthathe i-smear ye-cytology kunye ne-colposcopy, ukwenzela ukuba ungabandakanyi iziganeko ezinqabileyo. Oomama bokamva baya kuphandwa nge- TORCH izifo (i-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus kunye ne-chlamydia), kuba oku kunokuchaphazela ukuphuhliswa komntwana. Ekugqibeleni, i-ultrasound ye-mammary gland kunye ne-thyroid gland yenziwa.

Isigaba sesibini senziwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuqala kokonyango. Iqulethwe ngamaphuzu amathathu:
- abatshatileyo kufuneka badlulise iimvavanyo ze-HIV, i-viral hepatitis, i-syphilis, bafumane iziphumo zegazi labo kunye ne-Rh factor;
- ibhinqa kufuneka ifune iimvavanyo zesifo seeshukela, ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele, umchamo kunye ne-biochemistry, kunye nokwazi ixesha lokuguga;
- Umama wesikhathi esizayo kufuneka abe nesigqibo sokuthi akukho ziphikisana nokukhulelwa.

Umyalelo we-IVF

Okokuqala ugqirha, emva kweemvavanyo zonke eziyimfuneko, uqhuba ukukhuthazwa kwamaqanda omfazi ukuze athole amaqanda amaninzi aphilileyo. Ukuqaliswa kwezidakamizwa kuqala ngomhla we-21 womjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, kwaye iphela inyanga. Ngeli xesha, ugqirha ugqirha ukuba ulandelelani indlela intollic evuthwa ngayo kwaye i-endometrium ikhula kwisibilini se-uterine ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound. Kanye nomfazi ovavanya i-hormone, ukuze abone yonke imifanekiso. Emva kokuba amaqanda aqokelele, inkqubo yonyango iyenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ziyakuthintela le nkqubo:
- ukungabikho kwempendulo ye-ovariya ekukhuthazeni;
- ubukho bokubambelela kwi-pelvis encinci;
Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili;
Umjikelezo onqabileyo (xa iifollic ezivuthiweyo zingenayo i-oocyte). Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokucebisa ukuba isibini siqale inkqubo ye-IVF.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubaba ozayo okanye umniki-mfazisi ongaziwa anikela ngempahla yazo yezofuzo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhutywe inkqubo yokuchumisa. Ixesha elide lokulima embryo liyimfuneko ukuze ukhethe iimbumba ezinokusebenza kakhulu. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya ezintandathu emva kokuqumba, iimbumba ezininzi zifakwe kwisibeleko kumama. Kwiiveki ezimbini, umama ozayo uya kunika igazi kwizinga le-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ukucacisa ukuqala kokukhulelwa.

Ukulima kwexesha elide

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, izigulane ezifuna uncedo olunjalo lwempilo lunemibuzo emininzi. Omnye kubo uzwakala ngathi: "Ukuhlaziya iigetet neembryos, yintoni na?", Impendulo ilula kwaye ilukhuni ngexesha elifanayo. Le ndlela yindlela umntwana ehlala ngayo ngaphambi kokuba abekwe emzimbeni womama. Ukulima kwexesha elide kwi-vitro yimbumba yindleko ephezulu, ephezulu efuna ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono. Iibhoratri zanamhlanje ziphucula rhoqo kwiindlela zokuchumisa kunye nezixhobo. Intsha yokugqibela yinto yokulima imbusi kwimeko ye-Embryogen. Izinto zokukhula ezongezelelweyo zinika ithuba eliphezulu lokufakelwa kwembumbulu eludongeni lwe-uterine.

Ngaphambili, ukulima kweembrusi kwaveliswa kuphela kwinqanaba lokutyunjwa kwaye kufakwa kwisibeleko emva kwezinsuku ezintathu emva kokuba "ukukhulelwa", kodwa zathatha ingcambu kuphela kwikota yazo zonke iimeko ze-IVF. Kodwa emva kokuphuhliswa kwendlela ye-embra yenkcubeko kwi-vitro ukuya kwisigaba se-blastocyst, ukuphumelela kwendlela kuye kwanda. Oku kwakufuneka abezindaba ezintsha nezondlo .

Iinkonzo kunye neNgxowa yenkqubo

Le nkqubo ikhokelela ekuhlaleni ama-embro kuya kwinqanaba elitsha.

1. Unceda ukhethe okuthembisayo kakhulu, ngokwemimiselo yeembryos.
2. Inani le-chromosomal elingaqhelekanga linciphisa, njengoko lingafunyanwa kwaye lukhuselwe kwisigaba se-blastocyst.
3. Unendlela yokwenza umzimba.
4. Umngcipheko wokukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo uyancipha, kuba iimbumba ezimbini kuphela zanele, kunokuba zintlanu, njengangaphambili, ukukhulelwa kufike.
5. Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ectopic kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha kuninzi ngaphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungalunganga kule nkqubo. Okokuqala kukuba akuzona zonke iimbumba ezinokukhula ukuya kwisigaba esifanelekileyo. Sekunjalo, iinkqubo ze-incubator kunye namajelo ezondloko zisakudinga ukuphuculwa, ngokusondeleyo kwiimeko zemvelo. Yaye ukuba iimbumba ezingaphantsi kwezine ziphila, ubuninzi bokuba baya kuba balungele ukujojozwa kakhulu. Okwesibini ukungonakali, njengenguqulelo yangaphambili ye-IVF, ukungabikho kwesiqinisekiso sokuphumelela kwe-100%. Akukho ugqirha wokuzala emhlabeni uya kuthi le ndlela yinyaniso kwixesha lokugqibela. Iingcali zenzululwazi zisenanto yokuzama.

Imiphumo emibi ye-IVF

Kwimiphumo engathandekiyo emva kwe-IVF, ngelo xesha, esetyenziselwa ukulima ixesha elide lemibungu, ngaba:
- Ukukhulelwa kwamanani amaninzi, njengama-embrasi amaninzi afakwe apha kanye;
- ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (akunakwenzeka ukukhuphela ukuhamba kombindi ngaphakathi kwesibeletho);
Ukunyusa ngokweqile ama- ovari (i-ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome iholele ekungabikho komntwana);
- unyango kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi.