Inkcitho yemali

Umba wemali yenye yezinto eziphambili zokusebenza kwenkqubo yemali. Inkcitho yemali, kunye nokungahlawulwanga kwemali, imali ihlala rhoqo, kodwa ngelo xesha, inani labo ligcinwa ngokusabalalisa, njengokuba kanye kunye nenkqubo yokunikezela imali kwiirekski zemali zebhanki zenzeka. Imbango yemali ayiyiyo imveliso yamanqaku amatsha ebhanki, kodwa kuphela ukukhululwa okunjalo kwimizila, apho kukho ukwanda kwenkxaso-mali.

Ingathatha inkokhelo yemali kunye nemali engekho imali. Kwimeko yokuqala, kubizwa ngokuba yimali. I-monopoly ekunene kule yile yebhanki ekhuphayo yelizwe (eRashiya - kwiBhanki Ephakathi).

Ayikho enye ibhanki kunye nemibutho inelungelo elifanelekileyo lokunyusa imali yokunikezelwa kwemali ayikwazi ukunikezelwa. Kule meko kunokwenzeka ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo nokulawula ukwakhiwa kweyunithi ye-M0 yeebhanki-bhanti, eziye zisasazwa ngaphandle kwenkqubo yebhanki.

Umba wemali udibene nomsebenzi weebhanki zonke. Elizweni lethu, imisebenzi yebhanki yamabhanki amabini, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi kusebenza ngokusasazwa kwebhanki. Oko kukuthi, ukunyusa (ukunyuka) kwemali kwi-akhawunti ye-deposit kwenzeka xa behamba ukusuka kwelinye baye kwelinye ibhanki yorhwebo. Yandisa imali ayikho enye ibhanki yoshishino, kule nkqubo ibandakanyeke kwinkqubo yonke yebhanki. Umthengisi wesikweletu nguye injini yenkqubo yonke, kuba iqhutyelwa kuphela xa iboleka uqoqosho; I-Deposit - ibonisa inani elinyukayo lemali kwiimali zeebhanki.

Indlela yokwandisa iibhanki ixhunywe kunye nokugcinwa kwamahhala - ezi zixhobo zonke zebhanki zorhwebo ezingasetyenziselwa umzuzwana othile ukuqhuba imisebenzi esebenzayo yasebhanki. Emva koko, iibhanki zorhwebo zinelungelo lokuqhuba loo misebenzi kuphela kwimida yalezo zixhobo ezisemacaleni. Imali kwidipozithi inokunyuka iphindwe kabini. Indlela yokwenza iipopasho ilawulwa yiBhanki Ephakathi, ilawula ukuhanjiswa kwemali kweli lizwe.

Imbango yemali ibonisa ukukhutshwa kwazo zonke iifom zemali ekuhambeni. Ukuhanjiswa kwikhowudi yemali kuphela yamaphepha ayikhutshwayo. Iibhanki zeBhanki ezikhutshwe yiBhanki Ephakathi zizinyathelo zamatyala kwaye zibonakaliswe kwinqanaba le- balance sheet. Ubuncwane bekhupha iikiti zexabiso, kunye ne- bargaining chip. Ukongezelela kulolu hlobo, kukho i-deposit-check check of money, eyandisa imali kwiingxelo zabaxumi ezixutyushwa kwiibhanki, ezikhokelela ekunyusweni kwenani leethengiselwano ezibandakanyekayo ekukhonzeni iintlawulo ezingekhokheshi.

Xa kukhutshwa iibhanki kwi-circulation, kukho ukwanda kwendalo kwindleko yemali ejikelezayo, yenye yezona zinto ezibangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ngokupapashwa kwemali yegolide, ubuninzi babo besasazwe belawulwa yiimfuno zalo mjelo, xa igolide ihlelwe ngendlela yobuncwane kwi-treasury okanye iphinda ijikelezwe. Namhlanje, kunye nemali yamaphepha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetyala, umba awuyikwazi ukuzilawula. Ukunyuka kobuninzi bemali kuyimfuneko ngokukhula kwemveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto eziveliswe nguqoqosho. Kodwa kwimeko apho ukunikezelwa kwemali kudlula imfuno ekhoyo kubo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuqala, ngokungaqiniseki kukhokelela ekunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Umcimbi weengxowa-mali uyenziwa ngokukhupha kwi-circulation, ehamba kunye nokwanda kwenani lemali ekuhambeni. I-Central Bank ibonisa ubungakanani bemiba ezayo kwaye isasaza ngommandla.

Imali iyaqhubeka ihamba ngekheshi kunye nefom engekho-mali, ihamba ukusuka kwiinkampani zoshishino ukuya kwiibhanki kunye nangaphandle. Iiyunithi zeemali ezingenayo ixabiso elilinganayo nelona xabiso. Imali kuphela ingasetyenziselwa, ngenxa yokuba imali echithwe kwi-non-cash basis iboniswa kuphela kwifom ye-akhawunti yebhanki.