Iitelesiko zabathandi be-astronomy: njani ukhetha? Sijonge esibhakabhakeni

Abo banqwenela ukubheka izidalwa zasezulwini namhlanje abazange babekho mingcipheko ekuboniseni umdla wabo. Kwanele ukuthenga ithikithi kwirejista kwaye ujonge ukubukela iinkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, abaxhamli bezakhono baxhomekeke ukuba baququzelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuhlolwa okunjalo ekhaya. Ngaphezu koko, abenzi bezixhobo zeenkwenkwezi basoloko banda kwaye bahlaziya imigca yeendlela ezilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ngabangasebenzi. Kwanele ukuba umthengi onomdla aphendukele kwicandelo apho iitelesiko zokuthanda izithwenkwezi zenziwa. Indlela yokukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo ngumbuzo olandelayo kwaye unzima kunzima. Ukuze uphendule, kufuneka unqume imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhetha, iintlobo zeetelesiko kwaye ucinge ngemodeli ephumelele kakhulu.

Iindlela zokukhetha eziphambili

Kwinqanaba lokuqala kuyimfuneko ukucacisa ubungakanani kunye nokusebenza okuyisiseko kwe-telescope. Iimodeli zaseKhaya, njengomthetho, zinokubanjwa (ububanzi) ukusuka kwi-60 ukuya kwi-200 mm. Ngokumalunga nobude, kummandla weklasi ukusuka ku-300 ukuya ku-1000 mm. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuqwalaselwa kwitheleskopu kungabhalwa kwaye kuguqulelwe ngokufanelekileyo kwifomathi yedokethi, akuyi kuba yinto engabonakaliyo yokubonelela ukuvumelanisa idivayisi kunye nekhompyutha. Ngoko ke, imodeli kufuneka inikezwe nge-electronicing stuffing kunye neendlela zokwenza isithombe. Ezi zixhobo zibiza kakhulu, kodwa amandla abo alungisa ixabiso. Ngezixhobo ezinjalo, umzekelo, unokwenza idatha yesazisi, uthumele izinto ezidaliweyo kwiziko elizodwa.

Ngoku kulufanelekile ukuqwalasela ngokubanzi iinkcukacha iimpawu zeetelesiko ezinezithandwa zeenkwenkwezi. Ungakhetha njani ukhetho olungcono? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngokunyuka.

Izidingo zokukwazi ukwandisa

Kukho uluvo lokuba ukwanda kwiphina ifowuni ebonakalayo ichongiwe ngumbono kunye nokukwazi ukubonelela umfanekiso ocacileyo. Ngokuthethileyo, akukho mida yokukhulisa kwi-telescopes - ngokwaneleyo ukuyixhobisa nge-eyepiece efunekayo. Kodwa kukho umda emva kokuba izinto eziphawulayo zingabonakali. Oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezithile, iinkcukacha kunye nokukhanya kuqala ukuhlupheka. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi oyintloko we-astronomeri oqalayo ukufunda indlela yokumisela ukuphakanyiswa okuphezulu kwe-telescope kwimodeli ethile. Kule ndlela ifomula elula: ububanzi be-lens kwi-millimeters bunyuselwa ngu-2. Ngoko ke, i-apparatus esemgangathweni enobukhulu be-100 mm iya kunika ukunyuka kwama-200. Oku kwanele ukugcina amafu aseJupiter okanye amasongo kaSatan. Enyanisweni, inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa ukwanda okunjalo kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu, kodwa le ngenye into.

Ukhetho ngokuqeshwa

Kukho iintlobo zeetereksikidi ezinokuthi zihlelwe ngenjongo. Abo baceba ukubeka iliso iiplanethi ngenjongo, kuyafaneleka ukucebisa ama-refractory models kwi-diameter ukusuka kwi-120 ukuya kwi-150 mm. Isixhobo saloo zixhobo kukungabikho kwesikrini sokubaluleka, esinikeza umzekelo kunye "nomfanekiso" oqaqambileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukugcina izidumbu zezilwanyana ezikude okanye iindidi ezibuthathaka, kufuneka i-telescopes enkulu inyulelwe kubathandi beenkwenkwezi. Ungakhetha njani ukhetho olufanelekileyo kulo mzekelo? Okokuqala, kufuneka kube ngumbonisi kwi-equatorial mount. Okwesibini, ububanzi bayo bukhethwe ngaphakathi kwemida ye-200-250 mm.

Kukho nabaninzi abalandeli abagcina i-telescope emva kwezinto ezisemhlabeni kunye neziganeko. Ngenxa yeengxaki ezinjalo, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise imifanekiso yokurhoxisa emfutshane kwimigangatho ye-azimuth eneenkampu ezijikelezayo. Ukuba ufuna i-apparatus kunye nokukhupha ngaphandle kwendlu, kungcono ukuba ukhethe umzekelo onokuthutha ophuhliswe ngesiseko seMacsutov-Cassegrain. Ezi zixhobo ezibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhamba," ezinika umfanekiso omhle, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo zikhanya kwaye zihambelana.

Iimodeli kubantwana: Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele?

Kwindlela yokwenza umphambili omkhulu wezixhobo zeenkwenkwezi, i-telescope yabantwana iyadingeka kwiinguqu ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, iindlela ezintle zifakwe kwi-series yeBresser Junior. Ngokuqhelekileyo aba baxhasi be-achromatic, ububanzi balo buhluka ukusuka kuma-80 ukuya kuma-90 mm. Kubalulekile ukuba iyunithi ifakwe kwintaba ye-azimuth ukuze kube lula umsebenzisi omncinci. Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuba ulondoloze umntwana ekusebenziseni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo, kulungele ukujika kwiimodeli kunye nenkqubo ye-lens. Abaxhomekekanga ngokusisigxina kwi-maintenance, kodwa ngelo xesha baxhomekeka kwaye banokuhlala.

Iincinci zincinci zincinci ukuya kuma-8 zicetyiswa ngamadivayisi angama-60-80 mm. Ububanzi obunjalo buya kwenza ukuba ukwazi ukukhanya kunye nesibhakabhaka esineenkwenkwezi ngokubanzi, ukuba ubuncinane kuya kuhlakulela umdla womntwana kwizifundo ezongezelelweyo. Kwakhona akuyi kuba yinto engabonakaliyo yokuncedisa i-telescope yabantwana ngeemephu zezulu kunye neencwadi zemfundo ezifanelekileyo ubudala. Izifundo ezisebenzayo zesayensi yeenkwenkwezi, kunye nenkolelo, ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kunika imiphumo emihle ekuphuhliseni izinto zokuzilibazisa.

Ukunyuka kwetelesiko

Le divayisi ikhankanywe ngaphezu kweyodwa. Inikeza ukulungiswa kwesixhobo kunye nokukwazi ukulawula kwayo. Kukho iinketho ezininzi zokunyuka, kodwa i-telescopes i-amateur icetyiswa ukuqwalasela iintlobo ezintathu-i-equatorial, azimuthal kunye ne-Dobson system. Ikhetho lokuqala liza kuba sisisombululo esiphezulu xa kucetywayo ukuba kugcine imizimba efihlakeleyo, kwaye yenza imisebenzi ye-astrophotographic. Ngokwahlukileyo, kukufanelekile ukuqwalasela inkxaso, eyenzelwe iithelesksi ezithutha izithandwa zeenkwenkwezi. Indlela yokukhetha intaba yale fowuni? Eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo yinkqubo ye-azimuth, ebuye isetyenziswe neetelesiko zezingane. Iinzuzo zalo zibandakanya ukulungiswa kokuphathwa kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Izixhobo ezakhiwe kwisistim seDobson nazo zineyilwa elula kwaye zingathobekanga kwisondlo. I-astronomer yokuqala eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo.

Iileyiko ze-brand Orion

Inkampani yaseMerika i-Orion inikezela umgca obalaseleyo lwezixhobo ze-astronomical amateur, ngoko ukuhlaziywa kweetelesiko kufuneka kuqale ngale mveliso. Ngokukodwa, i-GoScope kunye neentsapho zokuqwalasela i-Observer ziyaziwa. Ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo ku-80-120 mm. Kwakhona, izixhobo ezisekelwe kwinkqubo ye-Maksutov-Cassegrain imele imele. Kule meko, ubukhulu buphakathi kwe-90-150 mm. Kubafundi abanokuziqhelanisa ngezinto zokuzilibazisa, umenzi wenza iimpawu ze-Aristocrat. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngeethusi, ezibonisa ukuxabiswa kwe-aesthetic. Ubungqangi beemodeli ezivela kwi-Orion kukunikezelwa kwezixhobo zekhomputha zakutsha, phakathi kwazo iinkqubo zokukhokela kunye nabamkeli be-GPS.

Iimodeli ezivela kwiCeltestron

Enye inkampani yaseMerika - iCelestron - ijolise, phakathi kwezinye izinto, abaphulaphuli abalandeli. I nqanaba lokuqala kumgca limelelwe ngamanqaku angabonakaliyo kunye nokuvula ukususela kwi-40 ukuya kwi-150 mm. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, i-Dobson imishini yinkqutyana ye-Starhopper, apho ungayifumana i-telescope enkulu enomyinge wama-300 mm. Umgca ongcono kakhulu kwezobuchwephesha usekelwe kwisimiso seSmidt-Cassegrain. Kule meko sithetha malunga nokuguqulwa kunye ne-127-356 mm. Kule klasi ukuba umenzi uyaziqonda ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwikhompyutha. Ngokomzekelo, kubameli abaninzi bee-series, inkqubo yokulandelela ngokuzenzekelayo inikezelwa.

ZeTelesiko kwiMeade

Umenzi weMeade ufuna ukudibanisa kwii-telescopes i-ergonomic advantages kunye neenkqubo ezibonakalayo zezibuko-lens, ukuvula okufikelela kuma-114 mm. Ngenxa ye-homing system elula, umsebenzisi walezi zixhobo angakwazi ukudala iirekhodi kwaye azidlulisele kwisiseko sekhompyutha. Ukugqithiswa okukhulu kweemodeli ezivela kuMeade kufinyelela kuma-406 mm, ngoko ke i-lens telescope eneerameters zikulungele zombini, kunye ne-fan. Ezinye iifowuni nazo zixhotywe ngeebhloko kunye neememori zexesha kunye nezivezi eziphezulu. Ngendlela, sele isele kwiklasi yoqoqosho lokuqala, umenzi wemveliso uyaziqonda iimpawu zokunciphisa i-achromatic, ezongezwa yi-equatorial mount kunye ne-homing system. I nkampani inika neentaba ezidibeneyo ezidibanisa iingenelo zeendlela ezizodwa.

Isiphelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imarike yeetelesiko ixhaswa kakhulu ngabathandi be-novice bokubheka isibhakabhaka esibhakabhaka. Kusuka nawuphi na ofuna ukukwenza kuyimfuneko kuphela ukucacisa iimpawu ezisisiseko, kwaye ukufumana itelesikopu enhle ayisebenzi. Inketho ekhethekileyo ngumbonisi-fowuni kwintaba yaseDobson kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-100-120 mm. Ngokwendlela yokuthembeka, phantse yonke imodeli evela kubalimi abadwelisweyo ibonisa izinga eliphezulu kunye nabanikazi abanokudumazeka. Kule meko, musa ukungazihoxisi iikhompyutheni zakutshanje, ezibonelelwa ngeetelesiko. Nangona kubonakala kunzima ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobuchwepheshe, bakhawuleza bakhawuleza kwaye kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwesi sixhobo siyanandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo.