Indlu Isakhelo ngezandla zakhe: inyathelo imiyalelo step. technology yokwakha

Izindlu kwilizwe lethu ngokwemveli sakhiwe ekharejini log okanye izakhiwo ilitye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zokwakha osezantsi-suka, esenokuba ngcono. Umzekelo, liqulunqe iindlela ukulakhela indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe. Step by imiyalelo step iquka 4 izigaba eziphambili:

• amadlozi isiseko;
• isakhelo ufakelo;
• walling ezisongwayo;
• ukwakhiwa kophahla.

Ezi zakhiwo zakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphatha ezizodwa. indlu isakhelo nemithi iindleko angabizi baza badityaniswa ngexesha elinye, kwaye afunyenwe kungabi ngaphantsi kwe ifudumele ngaphezu likomkhulu siqobo okanye ilitye.

Ukhetho Indawo indlu

Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni kuthetha ukuba umhlaba phantsi endlwini akuyi kuba ukufuma kakhulu. A ndawo kumele ibe kakhulu yawahlanza kakuhle ukuba efumileyo yayingazinikanga kwi ukubola ngokukhawuleza.

izindlu isakhelo Imizobo kufuneka zisekelwe kuqikelelo kwaye ebotshelelwe kwindawo yokwakha. Iinkcazelo evela intanethi iyaqondakala kuphela iingcali, ukuba ethile ulwazi sethiyori lwezakhono zeprakhtikhali. Isiseko kufuneka zakhiwe ngokungqinelana kunye nohlobo lomhlaba, kunye nendlu - ngokusekelwe imithwalo zokusebenza.

Imfuneko kwiprojekthi ekhaya

Umphuhlisi kufuneka ibe iprojekthi ekhaya, wadalwa ziingcali. Ukongeza, wavuma kunye ezininzi iinkonzo ezinokwenza kube utshintsho zabo kunye nezongezelelo.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala sketch ingenziwa ekhaya ngokwakho, kodwa kuya kuba oko kulandela ukufumana umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Kuba imizobo yokwakha zisoloko zifuna izindlu isakhelo, ngokusekelwe izibalo eziyimfuneko. Kuba iprojekthi kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule. Yongayo ku umgamgatho, kodwa ingayalela owakho, nto leyo iya kuthathela ingqalelo iimfuno lomphuhlisi. Yabeka kwakhona iteknoloji yokwakha, ekufuneka mayilandelwe ngqo. Oku kukwasebenza ekuyilweni lweenkqubo zobunjineli.

inkqubo Engineering ekhaya

Le projekthi kufuneka kuluhlu zonke iinethiwekhi, xa zakhiwe indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe. Step by imiyalelo linyathelo iquka engamzondi yonxibelelwano kwi zigaba ezithile zo yokwakha, ngokuqala isiseko. Xa wawathululela nangoko wenza imingxuma zobugcisa. Ambe nabo kamva kule ikhonkrithi kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Inkqubo yombane iquka swi iintambo, zibe nozinzo. Sockets zikwindawo kumgama ngaphakathi 4 m ukusuka kwenye. Ukuba ibe inshorensi yokhuselo, ukuba kukho imithombo yamanzi.

Ukuchaneka ngokubekwa iinkqubo zamanzi amdaka edolophu kuxhomekeke ubulula bokusetyenziswa yokusela amanzi ashushu, kwakunye imveliso kunye processing of inkunkuma.

Inkqubo umoya iqulathe duct ngokukrolwa.

Ukwakhiwa isiseko

Fundam ekhethiweyo columnar, ibhanti melkozaglublenny okanye iibhloko eziphathekayo. Ukwandisa kugunyaziso amandla isicelo zokutyubhisha monolithic. izindlu yeplanga prefabs yakhiwe isiseko encinane, eyenzelwe imithwalo eliphantsi. Kuthatha nentwana eziphathekayo. Ngenxa endlwini yabo okonga iindleko isakhelo iba asezantsi. Ngokuba kuye, wemba umsele okanye umngxuma azakwembiwa waza wenza umqamelo kwentlabathi. Phambi concreting iseti rebar kunye formwork. Gcwalisa isiseko strip kunilungele ukwenza rammer ngokucokisekileyo. Kuba obandayo izindlu isakhelo ngaphakathi ngekhonkrithi engamanzi zicwangciswa yokunyuka malunga 2 m amaqhosha ebhutsi nkqo 500 mm ubude. Plane grillage unje udaka.

Ukufakelwa le kwefestile ekhaya

Emva kweveki, emva agalele isiseko eziphathekayo lifakwe yonke kwipleyiti bottom - block ngomthi icandelo ubuncinane 150x150 mm. Lakhe pre-buzane magciwane, umzantsi eyenziwe lamanqanaba ezimbini zingangenwa ngezinto ezifulelwe. Beam zixhonywe iibholiti isiseko iankile okanye izikhonkwane, apho imigodi eweva nzulu kwe-100 mm. Ubude kwaye iimbombo compound na enesiqingatha-umthi kunye nezikhonkwane krepjat.

Iibhodi kufuneka zibekwe ngokupheleleyo yaye enxulumene kunye noseko. Emva koko, wazigawula vee kwaye zifakiwe iinkuni zesini ibhodi 50h150 mm. isahlulo sabo aphezulu kufuneka isekwe kwi-moya tyaba, yaye emazantsi Bar zibethelelwe kwi ezilingana subfloor. Ukuze kokuba abe eqiniselweendlwini yi stapler, umphunga, uze emva koko zazaliswa isithuba phakathi yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa isifudumezi (yezimbiwa yoboya okanye amagwebu). Umgangatho Top yenziwa mbini ibhodi 40h150 mm.

ibandla isakhelo

Isakhelo sisiseko uzibambileyo isakhiwo yonke indlu. It is a kwezibonda nkqo eziqhagamshelene ezweni oxwesileyo ekuneka. Xa sakhiwe indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe, inyathelo ngu step guide inikeza ulandelelwano engqongqo owandayo. Le nto inokuba metal okanye profile iinkuni. Ukusetyenziswa metal ifuna izixhobo ukuwelda kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza naye. Kuba isakhelo iinkuni isetyenziswa iinkuni eziqinileyo, umzekelo, oki okanye larch. Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu wenze ubungakanani ukuphakama gumbi. Bona udityanisiwe kwi plate bottom "ulwimi kunye emseleni". Lokucheba kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle izikhewu.

Khetha ubungakanani kunye Umgama phakathi kweepali kufuneka, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kuxhomekeke umthwalo ezosulela ukusuka phezulu. Kubo, achole ubukhulu umbandela, nto leyo isetyenziselwa khazi. Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu nge plate ezantsi oxhulumene kwi braces yethutyana, nto leyo enika ukwakhiwa ngqongqo kakhulu.

Emva kokuba ibha nkqo baya kufundiswa ngaso, oko ukuxuma kaloliwe eliphezulu. Umgaqo Its lodibaniso iyafana - ngoncedo kwiindawo zokubeka efana umqadi asezantsi. Ukulungisa encotsheni nedawo ngalinye izikhonkwane ezimbini, ingontsi yi ubuncinane-10 cm. Le isakhelo ekugqibeleni bya Ukuchetywa rhoqo demountable okwethutyana.

Ukwakhiwa nasezindongeni ubushushu

Ngaphandle clapboard indlu, ujike clapboard, psevdobrusom. Botha imveliso istro amagwebu, alephuze amagwebu zeplastiki, uboya izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto. Athatha iipropati ubushushu-uvikele zezixhobo zokwakha eziqhelekileyo. Kule meko, isakhelo izindlu iindleko ezingabizi. Ukuze sihlale wonke unyaka yokwambathisa ngeenxa ubukhulu kufuneka ubuncinane-5 cm. Le izinto ligcwalise isithuba yonke phakathi yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa, ukuba akukho imigodi. Ukuthintela ukubana yokwambathisa ulungise izinto zokubopha ezizodwa.

Xa sisakha isakhelo indlu, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhusela izakhiwo yamaplanga kwimiphumo ukufuma. Ngaphezu imbawula imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwi yokubeka ngamanzi umboniso ngoko abotshwe lathing of abasuke umoya phantsi kwesikhumba engaphandle.

Iindonga indlu isakhelo ngaphakathi alekwe gypsum iipleyiti ezinezikhondo okanye OSB.

Ukufakelwa yophahla

Isilingi luphezu imiqadi yophahla, ekhwele ezweni bar phezulu, apho vee shwaka kubo. Lokubopha nayo kwenziwa kwizibiyeli ngentsimbi. Layout ukwenza ngaphambili emhlabeni. Ngemiqadi kufakwa kwiindawo zokubeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba amanxeba yokutrima. Kwiindawo zonke izahlulelo wezasekhaya efakiweyo ephethe imivalo axhasayo. Kananjalo enxulumene nolwakhiwo eqhelekileyo nge plate phezulu nasezantsi. Ezindawo kwezibonda bambethelela iiphaneli nophahla iibhodi anemiqolo.

Iyunithi Uphahla elana

On top of lenjongo yophahla iplanga izinto nomphunga umqobo. osemqoka yakhe ukungqubana umqadi, nokuzinzisa ezityiwa okanye imicu. Ukuze abe umphunga umqobo imifinya Polymer okanye ezizodwa ifilimu.

Ezigungxuzwayo yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa lexinene kufanelekile yokugquma: izimbiwa okanye iglasi, udongwe eyandisiweyo, alephuze amagwebu. It ivale lokutywina umboniso phezulu kwaye inqwaba ngapha ikhaka umqadi ezenziwe ngamaplanga. Xa umgama phakathi ngaphezulu kwe-500 mm eDibanisa aa Incopho yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa, uze ke umhlaba.

Umqala emnyango e-2nd floor kwenziwa evunyelwe crosspieces ezimbini phakathi iintsika.

zokwakhiwa kophahla

Uphahla enobunzima gqitha, ngoko ke kufuneka bathembele eludongeni lwendlu, nto leyo sele ugqibile, kodwa musa ukuba ekugqibeleni zokuhombisa. Xa usakha indlu isakhelo (okanye nayiphi na enye), ukwenzela ukuvelisa uphahla kuyimfuneko ukumisela ithambeka, inani izihlangu zam, izinto nophahla, ubungakanani, inombolo kunye izixhaso yitela.

Uphahla ibukeka ezintle, ukuba ngaba imilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa kwandisa ukuntsonkotha lokuvelisa kunye neendleko yendlu yesakhelo. Uphahla eqhelekileyo gable, leyo ngokufanelekileyo eliphezulu kunye imbala. Ukuyilwa ilula kwaye iqulathe ihashe omnye kuphela. Ukungabikho iintili (iikona phakathi) inzuzo, kuba ezi ndawo basesichengeni kakhulu yaye kunzima ukuvelisa.

Uphahla pitch kufuneka kukhethwe 28º, ukuba aqhele nekhephu kuye. Ukuba ukwenza 50º, kuya kuba imithwalo umoya aphezulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu kangangoko ithambeka ithathwa 35-45º, leyo inkulu ngokwembono kuyilo: ukuba uphahla izidanga, kodwa hayi okuneziqholo kakhulu. isakhelo izindlu ezininzi ngomthi kunye kophahla kuyenziwa, bavulelele ukuba isithuba ngaphezulu zokuphila. Ukunenzela lula, akukho kufuneka kwakhiwe kubude udonga encinane 1.1-1.6 m. Ngoko, kwi iindawo singasongwa kuba iibhedi amalungiselelo okanye iikhabhathi.

isakhelo indlu cars yinto ulwakhiwo elula kwaye ixesha elide, nto leyo nokwakha efanelekileyo ukwenza bume kunye nenkcitho ubuncinane ixesha nemali.

Le izixhaso cross-icandelo yokwambathisa esekelwe ezikhethiweyo luhle therebetween, Ebubanzini ongowona 100-150 mm. Kuba bengafuni thatha ibhodi ubukhulu 150h50 mm. Ubude bayo ngu-6 m. iibhodi ezimbini isikhonkwane n'ekiweebwayo kwelinye icala ngokohlobo ncwadi L. ke, ukuba banyukele kophahla engile olifunayo lukhethiwe isekelwe phezu cantrail umqadi. Xa nezixhobo zokukhabela efanayo kufuneka siphakamise eludongeni kumgama 30-55 cm. Evulwa Emva iiplanga oxhulumene kwaye ufumane isampuli emiqadini. Kwiindawo inkxaso zenziwa V-intamo kwisinye esithathwini ukuphakama. technology Ulwakhiwo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa izindlu izakulayishwa mauerlat isakhelo zokutyubhisha phezulu. Angumfuziselo ezisekele zenziwa phezu kwendlu yonke ukuhamba phakathi kubo 70-80 cm.

Rigel alithe gangqa kumgangatho wokuqala. musa ukubeka waluphakamisa kakhulu, ngoko ke uxhulumaniso uya kusebenza nzima ngokwaneleyo. Umqadi kwi kummango lidibane enesiqingatha-ngonyawo. Okokuqala, ukuba zibekwe phezu pediments, uze wolule nezintya phakathi kwabo waza wabeka abanye.

uhlobo lathing kuxhomekeke kudidi lwempahla ezifulelwe. Oku thinned okanye eziqinileyo. Kuba naluphi na uhlobo avala uphahla iqhotyoshelwe apha kummandla umqadi kummango ngaphandle yokususwa.

yophahla

Lula izinto indlu isakhelo nophahla yi tile. Kuyinto ukukhanya, bhetyebhetye, kulula ukufaka bangasukela. Ilishwa ziquka LINGATSHA kunye ngokunyamalala fast.

Metal decking kwaye izinto ubhetyebhetye kwaye mabaqhoboshele nophahla umbono omangalisayo. Kulula ukufaka, ube nelitye eliphantsi kunye nendleko eziphantsi. Ngu bendlela ziquka ingxolo ngexesha imvula nesichotho.

Xa uphahla ukulungele, bakhwela inkqubo emdaka kunye nokutsalwa ukuphambukisa imvula kude nekhaya.

isiphelo

Kuba umntu lowo ukucinga nzulu malunga yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo bekhululekile, ngoku akukho ngxaki ukulakhela indlu isakhelo ngezandla zakhe. Step by imiyalelo step kwenza ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza, efanelekileyo, ngendleko ephantsi, ngaphandle iimpazamo.