Indlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma evela kwimbewu ekhaya?

Ngombono ovuyisayo, i-eustoma inakho ukuhlobisa nayiphi na i-flowerbed. Iintyatyambo zezityalo eziqinileyo zenza i-carpet eninzi, ngokufihla ukufihla amahlamvu aluhlaza ngaphantsi. Indwendwe evela eMzantsi Melika yayingenanga kuphela kwimigangatho yethu yonyaka, kodwa nayo yaba yintyatyambo egadiweyo. I-Eustoma ayithobekiyo, yintsusa kunye neyendalo yonke ngokucwangciswa kwemvelo. Ukongezelela, inokukhula kwimiqathango yegumbi kunye nokunqunyulwa ngokuthe ngqo. Makhe sithethe ngendlela yokukhulisa kakuhle i-eustoma evela kwimbewu, apho angayinceda khona indawo kunye nendlela yokunyamekela isityalo kwixesha elizayo.

Eustoma, okanye "umlomo omhle"

"Umlomo omhle" -njengendlela igama le sityalo, eliqulethwe ngeengcambu ezimbini: "eu" nelithi "stoma", ityhilwa kwisiLatini. Ukuthelekiswa okulolo hlobo kuhambelana nomlo weentyatyambo. Okwangoku, kwiimeko zendalo yebhodlela ebizwa ngokuthi "i-eustoma" ithetha kuphela iindidi ezithile-ezikhulu-zinyuka. Yayibekwe kwi sityalo ngo-1806 yesazinzululwazi R. Salisbury, ebonile kwaye yamthanda uLizanthus grandiflora. Ngokunyanisekileyo, uyathandwa ngabalimi kwaye wanikela kwiintlobo ezininzi kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo.

Igama eliqhelekileyo uLizianthus linikezelwa kulaba bameli beentsapho zeKakachavkov ngu-botanist wase-Ireland kunye nodokotela uPatrick Brown. Ngamanye amaxesha le nto ifanelekile ngokubhekiselele ku-Karl Linnaeus. Omnye unokukwazi ukuhlangabezana ne-eustoma phantsi kwegama le-Bell bell, i-gentian prairie okanye i-tulip gentian.

IThe Legend of the Flower

I- eustoma exotic kunye ekhanyayo (ukutyala kunye nokunyamekelwa okuchazwe kamva) inomlando wayo. AmaNdiya aseMerika athetha ibali elidala malunga nenkokheli yesizwe esinye, esine ntombi enhle. Wayemhle kangangokuba umoya wemfazwe wathandana naye waza wayenqwenela ukumthatha njengomfazi. Wamgatya. Ubuthixo beza kubuhlungu obungachazekiyo waza wabulala intombazana ehlwempu. Kwiziko lokungcwatywa kwakhe kwimihla kamva kubonakala ngathi i- eustoma izimbali ezintle. Ukususela ngoko, kwi-Indian folklore, babonisa ukungabi namacala omphefumlo oshonile.

Ukusabalalisa kunye nenkcazo yentyatyambo

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga nendlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma ukusuka kwimbewu ukuya kwizityalo, kwaye emva kwendawo evulekileyo okanye ekhaya, kufuneka uqale ngebali malunga nomhlaba wasemhlabeni wesityalo, kunye nezixhobo zalo zokuziphatha. Le miba emibini kwiintlobo ezininzi ibeka imigaqo yokunyamekela kweentyatyambo.

Indawo yokuhlala yendalo ye-eustoma ibanzi kakhulu kwaye igubungela kumzantsi we-USA, inxalenye esemantla yaseMzantsi Melika, i-Isthmus yasePanama, iMexico, kunye nenye iinqithi zaseLwandle lweCaribbean.

Okwangoku, i-genus iquka iintlobo ezintathu kuphela: i-eustoma enkulu-flowered, okanye uRussell, omncinane noBerkeley. Zineenkqubela ezithile ze-phenotypic, kodwa ngelo xesha zinezinto eziqhelekileyo esiza kuziyeka. I-eustoma isityalo esinezityalo ezinomsila oqinileyo, ufikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwi-60 cm. Ekubeni ukusuka emkhatsini, uqala ukubeka ngokuqinile, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ngombala ubonisa i-bouquet elungiselelwe. Amagqabi anama-oval-lanceolate kumbala oluhlaza-grey, matte. I-calyx ifom-shaped, inzulu, ububanzi bufikelela kuma-5-8 cm. Kwimeko yendalo, iipalali zinemibala ebomvu eluhlaza. Abalimi baye bavelisa iintlobo ezininzi, ezahlukileyo kumbala, kunye nefom mahrr.

Iintlobo ze-eustoma

Ngaphambi kokuba uzame ukukhulisa i-eustoma kwibhotile ekhaya okanye kwintsimi, kubalulekile ukugqiba uhlobo luni lwesityalo esijongene nalo kwelinye icala. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unyaniseke ngabadayisi malunga neentlobo zentlangano, khumbula ukuba kwiimarike kunye nakwizitolo ezizodwa, uLisanthus Russell kuphela (okanye omkhulu-uphethiweyo) unokufumaneka ngoku. Ithengiswa ngamaqabunga entwasahlobo entwasahlobo, ityalwe kwiifama zazo ezizifama. Isici esahlukileyo solu hlobo luyiqabunga elinguhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neentyantyambo ezinobumba obuhlaza (ngezinye iinkomo ezimhlophe). Ikhula kwiNgingqi eMlambo. Iifoto zale ntlobo zinikezelwa ngokuphononongwa.

Intlobo yesibini eyaziwayo yi-eustoma encinci (i-Eustoma exaltatum). Ungayibona kwisithombe esingentla. Ientyatyambo zilula, zibe zintlanu-zitshitshiweyo, zibe mthunzi ukusuka kumnene-lilac ukuya kumfusa.

Intlobo yesithathu yi-Eustoma barkleyi, isityalo esitshatyalaliswayo. Kwakuqala ukuchazwa ngo-1957.

Indlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma evela kwimbewu: izithombo okanye ngokukhawuleza emhlabathini?

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngentla, i-eustoma iyisityalo se-biennial. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yemozulu yemozulu ingakhula kuphela njengonyaka, kwaye kuphela kwimimandla esezantsi njengeminyaka emibini. Imbewu yokuhlwayela iyakwenziwa kwimizi zombini, kunye ngqo nomhlaba. Indlela yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kwibhande eliphakathi, i-Urals neSiberia, kunye nendlela yesibini yezantsi. Ukongezelela, kufuneka ubeke ingqwalasela kwisakhiwo somhlaba: ukuba kunzima, ngoko imbewu encinci ye-eustoma iya kulahlekelwa kuyo kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba ihlume. Izithombo ngaphambi kwenyanga kaJuni, xa zihlwayelwe kakuhle, ziya kusekwa kwaye zomelele, kwaye ngoJulayi isityalo siza kuhluma kwaye sigcine ukulungiswa kwayo kuze kube seqhwa.

Imigaqo yokuhlwayela

Into yokuqala okufuneka ukwazi ngayo indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ze-eustom yimizuzu yokuhluma. Ukususela ngexesha lokuhluma kwawo ukuya ekuqalekeni kweentyantyambo kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-5-6. Kwaye oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze kufumane isityalo sokuqhakaza ngoJuni, kufuneka kutyalwe kwiimbewu ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha lonyaka, usuku lokukhanya luselufutshane, ngoko kuya kuthatha ukukhanya.

Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa i-eustoma egumbini, ixesha lokutsalwa liyakushintshwa ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Kule meko, ukukhanya okongeziweyo akudingeki.

Isigaba 1: imbewu

Kuninzi ebhaliweyo malunga nendlela yokukhulisa izithombo ze-eustoma ezivela kwimbewu. Abavelisi abanamava bahlala bexela ukuba le nkqubo ayilona ilula kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo ukucinga malunga nezityalo ezithengiweyo. Ukulima kwe-lisianthus, ngokwenene, akuyena wonke umntu onokuyenza. Izithombo zingenangqiqo, zikhula ixesha elide, zithintela kwi-waterlogging. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ibhogi yembewu (i-10 pcs.) Ye-varietal eustoma iya kuba neendleko eziphakathi kwama-ruble ama-40 ukuya kwi-100. Kubo bonke abafuna ukukhula le ntyatyambo, sincoma ukuba ukhethe izinto zokutshala eziqingqiweyo (eziboniswe ngasentla) kunye neepilisi zamaphetshana, njengemfanekiselo apha ngezantsi. Oku kuya kukwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuphumelela kwempumelelo.

Iipilisi zamaphetshana zininzi kakhulu ezingadingeki, zanele ukuthabatha ezo zi-4 cm ububanzi. Lungiselela i-mini-greenhouse kwangaphambili, umzekelo, ukusuka kwiphakethi esuka kwikhekhe. Beka iipilisi kuwo kwaye uhlambele kancane amanzi aze avule ngokupheleleyo, unxweme. Phakathi kwendawo nganye yenze i-groove encane nge-toothpick okanye umdlalo kwaye ubeke imbewu ye-eustoma apho. Akuyimfuneko ukuyibeka, uyibeke, yishiye kwaye ivale isiqwenga se-hothouse. Uphononongo lokuqala lweenkcukacha malunga nendlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma evela kwimbewu ekhaya kwenza ukuba inkqubo ibe lula kwaye ikhusele iimpazamo.

Beka isitya ngaphantsi kwesibane se-fluorescent. I-Dosvetivanie ivela ekubaleni ukuba usuku lokukhanya lwe-eustoma kufuneka libe malunga neeyure eziyi-12. Ubushushu obuhle kakhulu bokuhluma yi-20-25 ° ° emini kwaye kungezantsi kwe-15 ° С ebusuku.

Isigaba sesi-2: kuhluma

Ngeemeko ezingqongileyo eziyimfuneko, imbewu ye-eustoma iqala ukuhluma malunga neveki emva kokuhlwayela. Izithombo zincinci kwaye zibuthathaka, zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngeli xesha, ipropus ikhula, ngoko ifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Kule nqanaba kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokukhulisa kakuhle i-eustoma evela kule mihluma encinane. Okokuqala, jongana nokwakhiwa kwe-condensate ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina i-greenhouse kwaye uyisuse ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba amaconsi amanzi awela kwizityalo ezivela phezulu, ngoko ke amathuba okuphuhliswa kwefungal kunye nokufa kwabo kuphezulu. Okwesibini, ventilate isitsha kwansuku zonke. Okwesithathu, manzi izityalo ezinqabileyo, kuphela xa uqaphela ukuba iipilisi ziqala ukulungisa. Yongeza amanzi kwisitya, uze ususe ubuninzi.

Emva kokubonakala kwembini lokuqala la maqabunga kwiimbewu, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqale ukwandisa ixesha lokukhenkceza, ngaloo ndlela uzinikezele emoyeni owomileyo wegumbi. Ekubeni ukusuka phakathi koMatshi kunokwenzeka ukuyeka ukukhanya nokudlulisa ngokupheleleyo i-eustoma ekukhanyeni kwemvelo.

Isigaba sesi-3: ehleli kwiipateni ezahlukileyo

Ubungqina bokuthi iipilisi zeepatta ziye zaba yincinci kwisityalo ziya kuba ngathi zivela kwi-rootlets ngaphaya kwemida yazo. Njengomthetho, kubonakala kwiso iso, kwaye izithole zilo xesha ziba neendidi ezi-1-2 zamacembe. Musa ukulibaziseka ngokutshintshwa, ngaphandle koko iingcambu ziya kuhluma kumacwecwe amelwane (oko kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza) kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba bahlulwe, umonakalo uya kuphepheka.

Xa ufunda umba wendlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma evela kwimbewu, kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutyala. Imbewu idinga umhlaba ocebileyo kwaye ukhululekile ngokulungelelanisa kakuhle amanzi kunye nomoya. Ungasebenzisa imicube ekhethekileyo yevenkile eyenzelwe iiflets, okanye ulungiselele umhlaba. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka udinga i-humus, i-peat, umhlaba osemgangathweni omgangatho osemgangathweni kunye nesihlabathi esihlambulukileyo somlambo. Zifanele zithathwe kwi-1: 2: 1: 0.5. U-Eustoma ukhetha umhlaba ongenanto yokungathathi hlangothi, ngoko kungenakulungeleka ukufaka umlotha womthi kwixabiso leepunipoyi ezimbini kwiitre zomhlaba kumxube.

I-pot entsha ayifanele ibe mkhulu kakhulu, ngokwaneleyo 6-7 cm ububanzi. Ngezantsi, gcwalisa umhlaba olungiselelwe ngoluhlu lwe 2-3 cm kwaye ulungelelanise ngokulula. Ngenyameko, uzama ukungonakalisi i-rootlets yesityalo, susa iiplate kwi-tablet. Emva koko, faka i-eustoma ebhodweni uze ugcwalise indawo kunye nomhlaba. Ukuba iingcambu zihluma ngaphandle kwaye zifika emva kwexesha, ngoko ungasususi igobolondo, ungayinqumle kwiindawo apho zincinci. Ukutywina umhlaba ngokujikeleza isityalo, qiniseka ukuba intamo ingcwatywa. Galela izityalo, uqondise umlambo wamanzi malunga nomjikelezo webhodeni, kwaye kungekhona kwiziko. Umhlaba ungaphinda ufefe ngomxube omhlaba owomileyo.

Isigaba se-4: Ukunyamekelwa kwezilwanyana

Ukunyamekela ngakumbi izityalo zihlambulula ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ungagcwalisi izityalo ezincinci, qaphela imeko yomhlaba kunye nokubonakala kwazo. Beka izimbiza kunye neendwangu kwindawo edibeneyo (i-window yezantsi okanye entshonalanga). Siyakuchukumisa indlela yokukhulisa intyatyambo ye-eustoma evela kwimbewu yomhlaba ovulekileyo kunye negumbi, kuba kukho ukungafani kwe-agrotechnics.

Ukuba uceba ukutshintshela isityalo kwintsimi okanye unemibala ende, kuya kufuneka enye into yokufakelwa. Kufuneka kubanjwe phakathi no-Matshi, ukwenzela oku, lungise izimbiza 3-4 cm ububanzi obukhulu kunezo zangaphambili.

Kwimeko apho i-eustoma ilungiselela ukutshala ebhodweni, ilandelwe ngokubekwa kwigumbi, kwibhalkoni, kwiloglog okanye ipatio, isigaba esiphakathi singashiywa. Ukutshintshela isityalo ngokukhawuleza kwi-pot, oko kukuthi, kwindawo engunaphakade.

Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukutshala ngeebhotile

Ukufunda indlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma evela kwimbewu, kwaye ubeke zonke izicwangciso ukuba usebenzise, ungaqhubeka ukuya kwisigaba esilandelayo. Xa ukufakelwa i-eustoma kwi-kashpo (ukukhula kwangaphakathi), iimfuno zomhlaba ziyafana, kodwa ukukhula okungcono, sincoma ukongeza i-tablespoon 1 kuwo onke amalitha omhlaba womxube womhlaba we-nitrofoski okanye i-azofosca. Ukunyamekela ukunyusa umquba kumhlaba, kuba i-lysianthus iyancipha kwi-fertilizer engaphezulu kwaye ingatshiswa.

Ngaphantsi kwebhodeni, qi ni sekise ukuzalisa uluhlu lobumba obunwebubanzi obu-2-3 cm. Ngeentlobo ezinqambileyo, ibhokhwe ye-15 cm ububanzi okanye ububanzi buya kukwanela. Ukwandisa umthamo weebhotile, engeza i-claydite ngaphezulu. Dlulisa phambili umgca omncinci womxube womhlaba, susa izithombo kwi-pot kunye nenyameko (ukugcina isitya sobumba), sibeke kwisitsha esitsha. I-voids izaliswe ngomhlaba kwaye ihlanganiswe kancane. Emva koko, uthele isityalo uze ufefe umhlaba omileyo phezulu.

Amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma ekhaya. Ukunyamekela kwakhe kwigumbi kulula. Beka ibhodwe yeentyatyambo kunye nesityalo kwindawo eqaqambileyo, ayiyikwesaba ilanga ngqo kwaye iya kuvuyisa. Ehlobo, ukushisa kwegumbi eliqhelekileyo kuya kufana ne-eustoma, ebusika kuyimfuneko ukuyigcina ngo-16-18 ° C. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube luninzi, vumela umhlaba umile kancane ngexesha lekhefu. Esi sityalo sivela kwiindawo ezitshisayo kwaye sithanda umoya omanzi, owuchitha rhoqo ngawo.

Kulabo bafuna ukutshala isityalo engadini, imibuzo malunga nokukhula kweentyatyambo ze-eustoma azipheli apho. Izigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (ukusuka kwimbewu kuya kwiimbewu ezinkulu) zidluliselwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina izityalo kwindawo evulekileyo, kwaye oku kuyafuna imizamo ethile.

Isigaba 6: Ukufika kwindawo evulekile

Emva kokuba ukhule ngokuphumelelayo kwi-eustoma evela kwimbewu, kwaye unemibewu enhle, kubalulekile ukuba ungabhubhisi. Musa ukukhawuleza ufike emhlabeni, vumela ukuba usongelo lwamaqabunga anqumlayo awedlule. Imihla ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yemozulu, malunga nango-Meyi-ekuqaleni koJuni. Imigaqo yokukhetha indawo yokutyala kunye nokulungiselela umxube womhlaba wenze into efanayo ne-eustoma ekhulile kwinkcubeko yombumbi.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshala lixesha lokuhlwa okanye imini. Hlwabela iibhokhwe kumgama we-15-20 cm omnye komnye ukukhusela.

Inyathelo 7: Ukunyamekelwa kwezityalo zangaphandle

Iingcebiso eziphambili malunga nendlela yokukhulisa i-eustoma ezivela kwimbewu ekhaya, nazo ziyasebenza kwiimpawu zeetrato. Ukutyhala, ukuthambisa, ukuchumisa, ukukhulula umhlaba, ukuguqula i-inflorescences endala yizona ngongoma eziphambili ezimele zihlawulwe.

Okokuqala, qaphela xa unisela. Kubalulekile ukufumana umgangatho ophakathi, njengoko i-eustoma engonakalisi nje kuphela umswakama obuninzi, kodwa kunye nokungabi naso. Xa izityalo zenza amaqabunga ama-6-8 amaqabunga, unako ukupakisha phezulu ukuze ukhuthaze ukubunjwa kwamahlumela. Ukutshala izityalo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamaminerali okucwangcisa kwenziwa ngocwangciso oluqhelekileyo.

Okwesibini, ukhula kunye nokukhulula. Iinkqubo ziyimfuneko kuzo zonke izityalo ezilinywayo. Emva kokunisela, musa ukulibala ukukrazula umhlaba, kodwa ungacacanga ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwe-oksijini kwizimpande.

Okwesithathu, susa ngesibindi iintyatyambo eziphelile. Ngoko isityalo siya kubonakala sicocekile, ngaphandle koko, mhlawumbi kwiiveki ezingama-6 kuya kutshabalalisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Kwiinkcubeko zangaphakathi, ama-eustom awanciphekanga kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo kunezicwangciso zesitalato. Izilwanyana ziyakwazi ukubola, ukubonakala kwazo ezidibene nokuphazamiseka kolawulo lwamanzi. Iingambuzane, ingozi imelelwa yi-thrips kunye ne-whiteflies. Yiphatha i-austomy yesitalato yeprophylaxis ngamaxesha amaninzi ngexesha kunye ne-fungicide kunye ne-insecticide.

Ndiyakwazi ukusebenzisa imbewu yam?

Abaninzi beqala ukuvelisa abalimi beentyantyambo bazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukukhula i-eustoma evela kwimbewu efunyenwe kwizityalo zazo. Unempendulo ezimbini. Eyokuqala ewe, ukuba i-eustom yakho yayingekho i-hybrids. Okwesibini ayikho, ukuba iintyatyambo ziyimveliso yokuwela kwaye kwiphakheji kukho ibheji yeF1. Kule meko, inokwenzeka ukuba i-eustoma evela kwimbewu iya kufana nezityalo zomzali, encinci, kuya kubakho ukwahlukana ngokwemiqathango eyahlukeneyo.

Ngoku uyazi yonke indlela ezikhula imbewu Aust. Hang-izikali begonia, lobelia kunye iintlobo ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo zokuhomba ke abamelwane bakhe ebalulekileyo kwi bhalkhoni, okulala okanye kwenye. ukhetha wedwa egadini. Monoposadki e flowerbeds ngaphaya umda khangela kubangel 'umdla. Musa ukulibala ukuba eustoma efanelekileyo ukusika in a isipha. Sebenzisa kwamatyholo, ezinyibilikayo ubuncinane 3-4 wentyatyambo.