Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich, le usomajukujuku: biography

Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich - amabini-wesithathu Soviet cosmonaut kunye novavanyo injineli of "Soyuz-10," yaye "Salyut". "Union-16" lo injineli yokubhabha. Ilungu Communist Party eSoviet Union. Wafumana amabhaso ezininzi urhulumente ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo. NN Rukavishnikov kuqala wenza likaxakeka kokwehla baxhomekeka ngesandla.

usapho

Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich wazalwa elinesibhozo ngoSeptemba 1932 kwisixeko Tomsk. Umama wakhe, uGalina, wasebenza njengomqhubi yoyilo kwi zikaloliwe. Utata - yintloko wokwakha. Xa wayekhulile, uNikolay watshata Nina Vasilyevna, ngubani kuqala wasebenza njengoko injineli oyintloko, waza waba ngumama. Baba nonyana, uVladimir.

ukubunjwa

Ekuqaleni, Nicholas wafunda kwisikolo Uzbek kwisixeko Angra. Waza waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Tomsk. Nangona umama notata wayesebenza e Mongolia 1947 ukuya 1950. Ndaya kwisikolo umda kwidolophu Kehtaitse. Yena kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu sele eMoscow ngo-1951, emva koko bangena ikomkhulu kwiikholeji mechanical (ngoku-Physical Engineering Institute) kwi-Faculty of izixhobo becomputing Electrical kunye matshini. Wagqiba esikolweni ngo-1957 kunye okukhethekile yobunjineli-physics. Ngowe-1980, wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe, waba umviwa of Sciences zobugcisa.

Eyona omthandayo ukuma, iMathematics ne-physics. Bawo Nicholas wakwazi ukufundisa unyana wakhe uthando radiodelu ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni. UNikolai Elo ngayo ubomi. Iziko asithandayo imisebenzi yesayensi. Phakathi kwezinye abafundi Nicholas bodwa iimpawu ezifana ukwazi, ingqondo benelungelo, ukukhuthala kunye iminkqangiyelo.

Experience umsebenzi

Ukususela ngowe-1957 Rukavishnikov UNikolai Nikolaevich wasebenza liqu-58 engineer. Watshayelela uyasebenza lekhompyutha. Ngelo linye xesha benza kuyilo, uphuhliso, ufakelo kunye nokuvavanywa kweenkqubo zolawulo, kuquka ukukhuselwa lobugcisa zamandla zenyukliya.

Ukususela 1957 wasebenza kwicandelo ezingamashumi amabini ananye OKB-1 njengononjineli. Iphuhlise inkqubo yolawulo station omncane oluzenzekelayo, yena inxaxheba ekudalweni lovavanyo izityalo kunye moya. Ngowe-1960 NN Rukavishnikov wonyuselwa ukuba yinjineli aphezulu. iqela ziphethwe olwakheka yi isithuba izinto iinkqubo zolawulo. Management wayethanda umgangatho kunye nesantya lomsebenzi, ngoko Nicholas ngokukhawuleza Wakhula ke enyuselwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba naziphi kwezono ke zange sasetyenziswa waza wafikelela okusebenza kwabo kuphela.

Ukususela ngowe-1962 ukuya 1963. UNikolai wadala eyayifakwe esilawula kunye automation ngenxa processing of yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, kwaye ekwindla ka-1964 wamiselwa intloko nekomiti yophuhliso.

ukulungiselela Flight

Ngowe-1964 Rukavishnikov uNikolay Nikolayevich wathunyelwa ukuba axilongwe abe ngumgqatswa ngenxa oosomajukujuku, kodwa akazange sinike ukufikelela Commission. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wacezela kwakhona axilongwe, yaye ekugqibeleni ndamiselwa cosmonaut uvavanyo. Ngelo xesha ke inxaxheba ekudalweni lweenkqubo indawo yolawulo izinto. Developed neqela izixhobo, iinkqubo ekwinqwelo, njl, bathatha inxaxheba ebunzimeni.

Ngowe-1967, Nicholas waba lilungu angaphathi cosmonaut yaye wabelwa ukuba abahloli. De-1970, akazange uqeqesho olulodwa ukubhabha malunga neNyanga kunye ume kuyo. Ngomnyaka asixhenxe ananye, waza wanyuselwa ukuvavanya cosmonaut kwiklasi wesithathu.

Kodwa ke uqeqesho engento; ukuba ukusilela lomphehlelelo rocket yenzekile, kwaye esichengeni ubomi oosomajukujuku zobunkokeli abakwazanga. Iiflayithi kwafuneka elinye ixesha. Kunjalo, amalungiselelo moya emajukujukwini yaqhubeka, eli xesha kuphela kwisikhululo Orbital "Salyut".

flight sasekhaya

Its cosmonaut yokuqala moya Rukavishnikov, ogama engobomi ichazwe kweli nqaku, wenza ngo-Apreli 1971 njengomqhubi test "i-Union-10." Ehlabathini yaba kokokuqala kokusebenzisa isiphekepheke zimi ndawonye kwisikhululo isithuba lwagqitywa. Kodwa emuva epheleleyo ayiphumelelanga ukwenza yengxinano welungu, ngokokude iintambo zolawulo oosomajukujuku kwisikhululo isithuba, eli xesha akazange athathe indawo.

Lo moya UNikolai yesibini kwafuneka ukuba omabini-Julayi 1971, kodwa phantse inyanga phambi kwaloo mhla, wabulawa yonke crew "Soyuz-11", ngoko ke utyeshelo zemiswa okwethutyana. NgoSeptemba waloo nyaka Rukavishnikov waba isekela intloko yesebe.

Lo moya yesibini

Le yesibini moya Tomsk cosmonaut Rukavishnikov wenza ngoDisemba 1974 njengomqhubi moya ababekhwele kweso "Soyuz-16". Lo moya yathatha iintsuku ezi-5 iiyure 22. imiz 23. 35 umzuzwana. iziphekepheke umphathi waqeshwa A. Fillipenko. Oosomajukujuku zaphumelela na umsebenzi ngokunamathelene-. Le program iye ibalwe ngemali moya test ezimbini, yaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva kuyimfuneko ukuba iphinda crew ephambili yale nqanawa.

Ukuze wenze oku, inkqubo "APAS" wadalwa (test flight), kwi-sikhokelo apho ezisebenza indiza yesibini. Ngowe-1975 Rukavishnikov N. N. ivavanywa ukulungiselela ezongezelelweyo indiza elandelayo, kwaye ngokufanayo kwi-1977, kodwa ngentsika "Union" ngqwayi.

Lo moya yesithathu

Lo moya yesithathu space Rukavishnikov eyenziwe ngo-Epreli 1979 sele indawo ngqwayi, kwaye lo moya wokuqala njengentloko abangekho. Njengoko inqanawa wasondela kwisikhululo isithuba, kwakukho imo yonxunguphalo - ngokuzenzekelayo vala injini. Kuphela umyalelo ezilungileyo UNikolai Nikolaevich labasebenzi wasinda waza wabuyela ngokukhuselekileyo Earth. Ixesha lokuqala i ebikhona kwenziwa ngesandla.

eziya ekupheleni

In yamashumi-sesithathu kunyaka Rukavishnikov - ngusomajukujuku, iye emajukujukwini izihlandlo ezithathu, waphinda waqala ukulungiselela indiza elandelayo, wamiselwa njengelungu abasebenzi yokuqala eSoviet-Indiya. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo sakhatywa UNikolai Nikolaevich candidacy, yaye yasuswa kule kulungiselelwa ukubhabha. Ngowe-1987 waba agxothwa inani oosomajukujuku ngenxa umhlala-phantsi.

Rukavishnikov rhoqo emandiyenze eluntwini "Ulwazi", waba lilungu lebhodi yalo kunye rhoqo ibroadcast esa ngokuphathelene nasemajukujukwini. Ide umhlala ndasebenza ngusekela. intloko RKK "Energy" kwaba ngaxeshanye njengomongameli we Federation of Cosmonautics, kuqala eSoviet Union kunye koko Russia.

Rukavishnikov njengomntu

Njengoko UNikolai Nikolaevich khumbula bonke ababemazi, waba ngumntu umdla kakhulu, ephumayo, aphilileyo kakhulu ochwayithileyo. Kungenxa yokuba wayesazi kakhulu kunene UNikolai Rukavishnikov, kwaba ukubalisa emangalisayo. Wayesoloko basabela izicelo uncedo, kwaye abanye baze bayibiza Tomsk Gagarin. Umhlola-lesikhumbuzo kuye sabekwa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi.

ukufa kasomajukujuku

UNikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - ngusomajukujuku abafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo okubangelwa nokudumba yemiphunga, elinesithoba Oktobha 2002 Esi sisiphumo ingxaki ka-Alzheimer, apho safumanisa cosmonaut. Rukavishnikov wangcwatywa eMoscow Ostankino emangcwabeni.