Indlela ukuba babhale izincoko malunga nomba iilwimi? Isincoko ngemizekelo isihloko kweelwimi

Amaxesha amaninzi, abafundi bamaBakala 7-9 kwisikolo esiyisekondari anikwe isabelo ukubhala isincoko umba kweelwimi. Yintoni eyona njongo iphambili yalo msebenzi? Injongo ukufundisa abafundi ukuba ukuqulunqa iingcinga zabo ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Injongo nokwandisa inqanaba labo lolwazi lwegrama kunye nokuphucula upelo ngendlela yokwenza isicelo kwemithetho ulwimi Russian. To isincoko-ngxoxo kwisihloko olumnandi ukufumana amanqaku aphezulu, kufuneka zibhalwe kunye nokusetyenziswa algorithm ngokungqinelana ecacileyo, ezifunwa ibekwe phezu kwabo. Eli nqaku liza kuchazwa ngokweenkcukacha inkqubo yokudala imisebenzi. Ezinye izihloko imisebenzi kweelwimi i leDPA liya kunikwa kwi kwisicatshulwa (2014).

umsebenzi Inkcazo

Bonisani le fomati inikeza umfundi ubhale isigwebo isishwankathelo kunye yolwimi Russian Stepanova V: "Le isichazi ibonisa, ngoko, kunye negrama - indlela abantu abacinga.". Ubizo kwakhona liqaphele imfuneko uchaze impendulo yakho. Abhalwa kwisifundo kweelwimi, imizekelo apho abangaboniyo uqinisekisa ibonwa zegrama lungelelanisa kwisicatshulwa funda kufuneka iqulathe iingxoxo - izicatshulwa kulo. Ngokungqinelana umsebenzi, kwimeko ngasentla, abafundi kufuneka ukhankanye inani kwezindululo, ukuba libhekisela, okanye sebenzisa ucaphulo. Ukuzilolonga inikeza journalistic kunye nesimbo yenzululwazi le ntetho yokukhetha kuzo. Ngelo aneelwimi isihloko efanayo kufuneka kuvezwe ngokupheleleyo. Njengokuba umsebenzi intshayelelo elibhaliweyo ukusebenzisa igama Stepanova GV Umthamo yonke ntetho kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwamagama ali-70. Ngoxa ukufunda umba, ukubhala indlela izincoko kwisihloko kweelwimi, kufuneka kwakhona ukuba bajolise ingqalelo umfundi ngokubaluleka nokuthotyelwa kunye nokubhala zicocekile ngokucacileyo.

isakhiwo

Ngoko ke indlela yokubhala izincoko kwi nesihloko kufuneka kweelwimi, ukunamathela iimfuno ezithile, kufuneka ukwazi oko rhoqo zenziwa ulungelelwaniso kwitekisi. Okulandelayo, cinga izinto ezisisiseko ngqo kolu hlobo ntetho. Isincoko ngesihloko loluntu iquka la macandelo alandelayo:

1. Iphetshana (thesis ezichazwe).
2. I-unit main (apha kuyimfuneko ukungqina indawo eyandisiweyo kunye iinkcazelo kunye nemizekelo).
3. Isiphelo (siphethe).

Le iisampuli sisincoko kwisifundo iilwimi ziya kunikwa.

entry

Xa umfundi ochazwe ngaphambili sentlalo bayamenywa ukuba ukuqalisa ukubhala amazwi yolwimi Stepanova GV Nangona kunjalo, isindululo nje ingcebiso, yaye ukuba oyifunayo, oko akaqukwanga, Ukutsiba ukuya ntetho ithisisi. Thesis - na izityholo ukuba ngethuba argument ukungqina. Entry oluqulathe ukwakhiwa neelwimi ngalo mbandela, kufuneka ube ngaphantsi enkulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-unit main. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ethule i ithisisi kwanele ukuba ubhale izivakalisi ezithathu. Kukho itemplates entry eziliqela ukuba bakhethe:

1. Le yeelwimi odumileyo Soviet Stepanov, B. ababesithi ulwimi ibonisa magama, ngoko, kunye negrama - indlela abantu abacinga. Makhe zama ukuqonda intsingiselo yalo aphorism.
2. Ndivumelana ngokupheleleyo kunye nengxelo yolwimi odumileyo Stepanova GV ukuba ulwimi isichazi ibonisa, ngoko, kunye negrama - indlela abantu abacinga.
3. "Ulwimi Dictionary ibonisa ukuba abantu bacinga, kunye negrama - banjani na ngayo", - yathi Stepanov GV amalungelo academician eyaziwa ngeelwimi ngenxa style incoko yabantu ndithi lukhulu ngaye. Masibe oku.
4. "Dictionary of ulwimi ibonisa oko abantu bacinga, kunye negrama - abacinga ngayo," - wabhala Academician Stepanov GV esithi yolwimi edumileyo kuyinyaniso, njengoko inkcubeko yokucinga kunye yabo kuhlangene kwaye womyoleli ukuya kwinqanaba lonakekelo kunye nemfundo umntu. Makhe ukuzama ukuqinisekisa oku imizekelo eziphathekayo.

Ukuba oyifunayo, ingeniso enokuba ichaziwe ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa izithethantonye zilandelayo pad ilizwi lula le nkqubo:

• Ngeelwimi, Academician, ngeelwimi, umphengululi, ngeelwimi, amazwi umbhali, Stepanov GV
• Thought wayesithi waqiqa wabhala.
• Aphorism, esithi, ukucinga, umgwebo, uluvo, ingxelo, esithi, amagama.
• Liyinyaniso elokuba, oyinyaniso, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, obungathandabuzekiyo, ucacile.
• Andikwazi tu, mna ngokupheleleyo ndiyavuma, mna ukwabelana uluvo, kufuneka uvume, mna ukuxhasa izimvo.
• Alithandabuzeki uluvo umbhali ukuba ... umbhali uqinisekile ukuba ... yaye le nkoloseko sifanelekile na.
• Sibonisa, zibonakalise, zibonisa, ukuqinisekisa, bonisa, kuya kusinceda siwuqonde.
• Ngokoluvo lwam, ndiyacinga, ndiyacinga, ndiyacinga, ngokoluvo lwam.
• Kakade ke, Kakade ke, kunjalo.

The main unit

Ngoko ke indlela yokubhala izincoko kwi nesihloko kufuneka neelwimi, sithembele mzobo eboniswe ngasentla, ngoko ufanele wazi ukuba uninzi wokubhalwa kakhulu voluminous xa kuthelekiswa intshayelelo kunye nesiphelo. Xa ntetho yakhe kufanele:

• Ngeelwimi ukucacisa intsingiselo yamagama ngokwengqiqo ngamnye.
• Qinisekisa nokubonakaliswa zegrama lungelelanisa ulwimi Russian ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo ubuncinane ezimbini.

Ukuze anikele kwindawo engundoqo ye izihloko isincoko ilandelayo ingasetyenziswa ngesihloko olumnandi:

1. Ingcamango lolwimi. Ingcaciso inxalenye yokuqala kwingxelo Stepanova GV
2. Ingcamango yegrama. Ingcaciso kwinxalenye yesibini ye Stepanova GV
3. igrama isigama nokunxibelelana.

Nomxholo imisebenzi kumxholo yeelwimi ziveziwe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze babe nolwazi materials luncedo kunye templates.

Ingcamango lolwimi. Ingcaciso inxalenye yokuqala kwingxelo Stepanova GV

1. Isigama - yinto isigama ungaphelelwayo ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngabantu kwintetho yabo yemihla ngemihla. Amazwi zibonisa ingqondo yomntu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ulwimi - iphoswe iingcinga zethu. Oko kukuthi, amazwi Academician Stepanova G. V., isichazi-magama ulwimi ibonisa ukuba oko abantu bacinga.
2. Lexicon (amagama asetyenziswa ngabantu ekuthethwa) ibonisa umbono ezingqonge ezibonisa abantu ezikhona, oko kukuthi ngumfanekiso acinga ngayo. Eli yolwimi eSoviet Stepanovu G. V. isizathu idume inkolelo yokuba "ulwimi magama sibonisa ukuba abantu bacinga."
3. Isigama (ukusuka Greek Lexikos -. Isigama, ngomlomo) - iseti yamagama. Eli binzana ngokuba isigama kolwimi ngalunye ehlabathini. Kuyinto oluthile osezingqondweni, ebonisa ihlabathi izimvo zabantu bulumko izinto ezibangqongileyo.
4. Isigama - luhlobo karhulumente abazi abantu, ebonisa ifilosofi kunye neembono bulumko izinto. Ngokusebenzisa ulwimi wazalwa ingcamango - ibinzana wawuyinkangala lokuqonda koluntu. Nantso loo Lexicon uchaza ukuba uhlobo iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo, oko kukuthi, re kudala-kwaye ivakalisa into ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo ethile isigama.

Ingcamango yegrama. Ingcaciso eya kwinxalenye yesibini ye kwingxelo Stepanova GV

1. Kolwimi - ngummandla Ezolimi, kuquka lwesivakalisi kunye morphology. ulwazi olucacileyo lwegrama kuphela ukunceda umntu ukuba ngokuchanekileyo indlela ecace kakhulu ukuvakalisa iingcinga zabo. Bona ibonisa imeko yakhe, isimo sengqondo kwabanye kunye noxolo lwengqondo.
2. Igrama (Grammatike (ukusuka kwisiGrike) -. 'Ubuchule bokubhala ") - a isebe Ezolimi, olusekelwe phezu isifundo yokuma kwezivakalsi ulwimi. Igrama lunxulumano plexus osenyongweni iinkalo ezimbini ezinxulumene - morphology, kunye nohlelo. Kuyinto ngenxa kwigrama ingcamango wawuyinkangala ithatha eluswini lwenyama yakhe ngokwakhe. ulwazi lwegrama lunika ithuba ukwenza intetho enentsingiselo, itekisi ngokusengqiqweni ukwakhiwa kunye neziphakamiso.
3. Intetho kulo naluphi ulwimi Ihlabathi iseti ngomatshini amagama. Kakuhle, kubalulekile ukufumana kuphela awona mazwi achanekileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukubeka ngendlela echanekileyo, iguqulelwa ifomu efanelekileyo, ngokusengqiqweni angena kulo isindululo. Oku kunegalelo ulwazi lwethu nemithetho yegrama - icandelo le Ezolimi yokudibanisa morphology nolwamagama ulwimi ngexesha elifanayo.
4. Ukuze ukwakha isivakalisi okanye ingxelo esibonisa mba, akwanelanga ukuba pick up inani lamagama kwakunye babuye bathi. Efanelekileyo intsingiselo nenjongo loyilo sithetha ngexesha kungavulwa intetho yakhe. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka adityaniswe kunye ngendlela ethile ukwenza isakhiwo ubhalo yombhalo, ongaqukwanga ngokukodwa kwimeko yonxibelelwano. Iqela imigaqo lombutho isakhiwo enjalo amagama athile lubekwa zombini zabo kunye nabanye kwaye categorical utshintsho bafunda igrama yezenzululwazi.
5. Kolwimi - ikhono ukubhala nokuthetha ngokuchanekileyo. Ulwazi olu qeqesho ngundoqo ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwamagama kwintetho nokunceda adlulise intsingiselo ezongezelelweyo kwisicatshulwa;
6. Igrama kuyinto isethi lwemithetho ukuguquka kunye indibanisela kwamagama kwisivakalisi, kwaye zithathwa ukuba umthetho ezisisiseko zolwimi, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba onke amazwi zazifile kungekho amaxabiso umthwalo. Ukuze isakhiwo eyahlukileyo, ekuxhaseni kubume lonke, ukwakha isivakalisi olunentsingiselo, kufuneka utshintshe kwaye zibekwe ngendlela echanekileyo. Oku kwenziwa ngaphandle ulwazi lwegrama nje akunakwenzeka.

Nokunxibelelana igrama kunye nesigama

academician Soviet Stepanov GV uthetha umanyano ifomu kunye nolwimi umxholo wayo. Uphuhliso Cultural yokucinga ngokusondeleyo enxulumene nophuhliso zentetho. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubudlelwane igrama kunye nesigama iba sobala. Ulwazi kwezivakalisi basic, morphology, kwakunye isigama osisityebi, ukunceda umntu ukuba ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo baveze iingcamango zabo. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba, nolwalamano olusondeleyo eqinileyo iinkalo ezimbini, nangona ukuba iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi. Kule imiboniso zegrama lungelelanisa okubhaliweyo inokuba ubudlelwane zilandelayo omnye komnye:

• umthetho;
• kuyaphikisana;
• nokucacisa kanye ukuncedisana.

Umahluko phakathi iinkalo ezimbini kukuba igrama enoluhlu olubanzi izenzakalo gabalala yehlabathi ngaphezu isigama. Nemilo Ukumatanisa uqeqesho lokuqala umxholo kwezindululo inika ithuba ukuze aligwebe falsity okanye inyaniso amazwi yesithethi. Oku kungqinelana ngokupheleleyo dictum Stepanova G. V., nto leyo unokuwisa ibinzana elula "Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni abantu bathi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - indlela esenza ngayo", okt igrama unika ukumelwa ngokuyinyaniso, lo gama isigama uyakwazi kakuhle kudanjiswe iingcinga okwenyaniso yesithethi. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokucinga , kwaye ibonisa umntu ubuntu bakhe.

Iimfuneko eqinisekisa ngamanye

Ukukhetha izihloko iilwimi ngenxa izincoko, abafundi kufuneka baqonde indlela ngokuba- ithisisi echazwe iingcaphulo evela kwisicatshulwa. Kulo mzekelo, isantya shutter ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zihambelane nezi mfuno zilandelayo:

• Inani imizekelo, kufuneka ube ubuncinane ezimbini.
• Izicatshulwa uya kuhluthwa kwisicatshulwa elikhankanyiweyo.
• Le mizekelo kufuneka zibonisa ngokucacileyo umahluko obubonakala zegrama lungelelanisa kulwimi.
• Quotes kufuneka zithobele niwele ixabiso le meko.

Quka imizekelo kwisicatshulwa imisebenzi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqibelelo yayo kunye nezothungelwano ngokusebenzisa ezi patheni ntetho ilandelayo:

• Ukuqinisekisa le ngxelo, makhe nisinga ... okubhaliweyo ecetywayo.
• Swikombiso i zegrama ebizwa ngokuba (lungelelanisa) Ixabiso lingaba ngumzekelo ... lo mbhalo linikeza.
• UMZEKELO-ntetho (lungelelanisa) ubonisa okubhaliweyo kunokubonwa kwisivakalisi № ...
• Semthethweni igalelo zingangqinwa ngumzekelo ... asinike, apho umbhali wesicatshulwa isebenzisa-ntetho (lungelelanisa) nesenzeko ezifana ...
• Ukuxhasa imigwebo yayo ingathatha umzekelo ... izithembiso ezinikwe umbhalo, ibonisa ngokucacileyo le ntetho (lungelelanisa) senzeko.
• Cinga ... isiphakamiso, esebenzisa igrama (lungelelanisa) simanga, ... Le umgwebo iqinisekisa ukuba ...

Iindlela lwezimvo ukuzisa

Illustration ngezenzeko lungelelanisa kwisicatshulwa:

"Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa isigama ngokweemvakalelo novakalelo (" lavaka lilishwa "), kunye namagama uthethe uphawu (" zepikniki "," amalungiselelo ") xa umfuziselo of Heroine (izindululo 34, 35, 38), umbhali wesicatshulwa lujolise inkohlakalo kunye nokuqhayisa ezingqondweni zabantwana ".

Umzekeliso ngezenzeko zegrama kwisicatshulwa:

"Cinga, umzekelo, izindululo inombolo 19 kunye nenombolo 20. Sonke siyazi igama elithi" nceda ". Le umlinganiselo ngembeko kunye intlonipho kwabanye iqela. Noko ke, ukuba sihlaziye indawo ilizwi kumxholo ezi zindululo, oko kukuthi, cinga yokuma kwezivakalsi zivakalisi uya kuphawula ukuba igama elithi "nceda" asiyiyo inxalenye yesivakalisi edlulileyo isakhiwo syntactic elizimeleyo. kwesi sicatshulwa, umbhali usebenzisa lwesivakalisi abafumana "parcelling", sivumele salandelwa iflakisi adlulisele bume engentle. "

isiphelo

Inxalenye yokugqibela umsebenzi, kwakunye yokungena layo, mayingabi ngaphezu ivolyum ibloko eziphambili zeetekisi. Le nxalenye kukupheliswa ubhalo wempikiswano ithisisi ochazwe kwaye eboniswe ngaphambili nokuqinisekisa yakhe.

Qala inxalenye yokugqibela umsebenzi banokuba la magama alandelayo:

• Ngoko ke.
• Kuthethwa.
• Ziyinyaniso
• Ngaloo ndlela.
• Eshwankathela iingxelo ngasentla, safika kwisigqibo sokuba ...

Isiphelo olwenziwayo lwesampulu:

"Ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu nje kuphela ukucinga kakuhle, kodwa kakhulu ngokuchanileyo ukuchaza intetho iingcinga zabo K yile ngcinga wayefuna ukusibonisa Stepanov GV, ekhala ukuba magama ulwimi ibonisa oko abantu bacinga, negrama -. Njengoko le abacinga. Nantsi indlela yokubhala izincoko kwi umxholo yeelwimi ".