INdibano ichaza amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zomntwana: izibonelelo eziphambili

Umbuzo wesidingo sokubhala amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yomntwana uye wavela ngokufutshane. Umbutho kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinamibini ufumene ukubaluleka kokulwa nokuxhaphazwa kwabasebenzi basebuntwaneni, ubukhoboka babantwana , ubuhenyu bezingane kunye nokuthengiswa kwabantwana. Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1924, kwafunyanwa uxwebhu oluthe lwazalisa ngokupheleleyo iingxaki ezikhoyo. Ngaphambi koku, amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yomntwana babonwa nje kuphela kwindlela yokujonga.

Umsebenzi owenziwa

Ngowe-1924, i-League of Nations yamkela isimemezelo malunga neengxaki "zabantwana".

Ngowe-1946, iSiseko se-UNICEF samiselwa, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokunceda abantwana emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngowe-1959 wabonakaliswa ngokuphunyezwa kweSigqibo samaLungelo aBantwana, okubonisa amalungelo namalungelo omntwana kwanoma iliphi ilizwe.

Nangona kunjalo, iSibhengezo asizange ichaze iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela amalungelo ebantwaneni behlabathi. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe umqulu omtsha-iNdibano yamaLungelo eMntwaneni. NgoNovemba 20, ngo-1989, i-UN yamkele.

Izibonelelo ezisisiseko

Amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zomntwana zivela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwazo kuya kwenzeka kuphela njengoko ekhula. Unyaka ngamnye amandla omntwana okusebenzisa amalungelo akhe aze afeze imisebenzi yakhe. Kwaye uneminyaka eyi-18 uba lilungu elinelungelo loluntu. Kubuphi ubudala kwaye yintoni umntwana onelungelo lokuyenza kwaye luhlobo luni loxanduva lokuthwala?

Ukususela ekuzalweni, umntwana unelungelo lokuba ngummi, kwigama lokugqibela, igama lokuqala kunye negama-magama, kwintsapho, ukubazi abazali, ukunyusa, ukunyamekela nokukhusela amalungelo afanelekileyo kunye neminqweno yabazali (ngokungabikho koxanduva lwabazali babo ekukhuliseni abantwana baphathiswe Abantu abafaka endaweni yabo), ukuphuhlisa okubanzi, ukuhlonipha, ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo ekuxazululeni imiba enxulumene neminqweno yakhe, kunye nokuqhagamshelana nabaphathi bamagada.

Ngonyaka kunye nesiqingatha umntwana unelungelo lokutyelela i-nursery, kwaye kwiminyaka emithathu-i-nursergarten.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu ummi unelungelo lokuya esikolweni, ukwenza intsebenziswano encinci kwinqanaba lekhaya, kwaye uyavumelana ngokulahla imali kunye nabazali bakhe. Imisebenzi yomgcini kufuneka ithathe indawo yabazali ngokupheleleyo xa kungekho mgcini.

Xa uneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, umntwana usenokuzibandakanya imibutho yentlalo yabantwana.

Uneminyaka eli-10 ubudala unamalungelo alandelayo:

• Ngokombono wabo ekuxazululeni nayiphi na imiba ebantwini;

• Umvume wokutshintsha igama labo okanye igama, kunye nokufumana okanye ukubuyisela amalungelo omzali kwabazali babo;

• Nquma ukuba ngabaphi abazali abafuna ukuhlala emva komtshato, ukuba bahluke;

• Ukufakaza kwiseshoni yenkundla.

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo umntwana sele sele ejongene nokuphulwa kwemigaqo yoluntu kwaye ingafakwa kwisiko esikhethekileyo sokubuyisela imfundo.

Umntwana oneminyaka elishumi elinanye unokuzimela ngokuzimela imali yakhe, unelungelo lokutshintsha ubemi, aye enkundleni, kunye nemvume yabazali ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthengiselana, kunye nokunikela ngemali kwimibutho yezemali nokuyilahla. Ummi oneminyaka eyi-14 unelungelo lokufumana ipasipoti, kwezinye iimeko ukutshata nokufumana umsebenzi ngomsebenzi olula (ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-4 ngosuku) ngemvume yabazali. Kulo nyaka, le ntombazana isenzo sinobugebengu esinoxanduva lwezobugebengu obukhulu kakhulu, kwaye inokuxoshwa kwiziko lempazamo.

Xa uneminyaka eyi-16 ummi angaba ilungu leenkampani zentengiso kunye kunye nentsebenziswano, unokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo inkontileka yengqesho (ngokwemigaqo ekhethiweyo) okanye ahlanganyele kwimisebenzi yezoshishino (apho imeko leyo ibhengezwa ngokugcweleyo), ityala elijongene nazo zonke iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho, unelungelo lokutshata.

Xa uneminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo, umntu uba ngummi opheleleyo.