Indawo polygon

Geometry linokubizwa ngokuba omnye zenzululwazi endala, ukuba ziphuma ngexesha Euclid.

Kodwa kwiminyaka ngaphezu kwe-4000 eyadlulayo, AmaYiputa ke abakhonzisa imilinganiselo ezilula zejometri wasebenzisa phantse iindlela ezifanayo ukuba izazinzulu namhlanje.

Abahlali iBhabhiloni yamandulo wenza imilinganiselo imilo ezilula zejometri usebenzisa iiyunithi square.

Standard indawo zokulinganisela ixesha elide kwaba isikwere - yaye zonke enkosi benolungelelwano yokwakha, engile layo alinganayo kunye namacala.

Nangona e yamandulo Kievan Rus, lo mlinganiselo uye kwababengafuduselwanga ixesha elide. An into umdla kukuba baseRashiya mandulo umlinganiselo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo mhlaba, nto leyo ababonakalisanga ukuchaneka womlinganiselo yaye engenasizathu ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, ekubaleni yerhafu njengoko umlinganiselo kule ndawo wathabatha amathuba omsebenzi elilinganisiweyo, waza wayibiza ngokuba "umlinganiselo labour." Amadlelo walinganisa Madotyeni - kwaba 'emveliso' ngomlinganiselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, onke la manyathelo luluvo kwaye ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kananjalo, xa zizilawuli ezahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha musa kunxibelelana enye kwenye, nto leyo eyabangela ukuphazamiseka omkhulu. Ehlabathini ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14 kwezi ncwadi yamandulo eRashiya eqalisa igama elithi "izishumi". Kufunyenwe igama layo ngenxa yokuba, oko kukuthi isahlulo seshumi square ngokulinganayo ngekhilomitha.

Konke oku njengomlinganiso ngegama kuphela zeengxande kunye noonxantathu. amaGrike kuphela wayesazi ukufumana indlela indawo ye yipolygon. Nangona igama elithi "indawo" soze kusetyenziswa, kwakunye inani ayisetyenziselwanga lijonge indawo polygon.

Xa "Elements" ye Euclid wafundela umbuzo yotshintsho amanani ezahlukeneyo ezilinganayo, ethatha yepholigoni ngokuba isabelo-moya lingqongwe egopheni elivaliweyo. Ngokusekelwe kwinto yokuba le ndawo shape akawatshintshi ukuba yaphulwe phantsi lezabelo ezo zecandelo kwaye amalungiselelo ngaphandle kwikona, wakwazi ukuseka ukuba indawo polygon kungabalelwa yi UPawulos ummandla kula manani.

Iziphumo yomsebenzi wakhe ngoku ukusetyenziswa esebenzisekayo ngokubanzi, umzekelo, phakathi iinkosi ukuba ngokubekwa iithayile. Kuba indawo polygon benza nodonga loqwalaselo ezintsonkothileyo. ukubala nje inani tiles asetyenziselwa lining zayo, uzibeke indawo yabo ukufumana quadrature kodonga.

Xa squaring indawo ezingachazwanga ngqo yamanani yemigca. Into yonke ifakiwe kwenkcazo ndawo? Sikubeke elula, kuba linani esibonakalisa izikwere ezininzi ngayo inxalenye enye mzobo. Qaphela ukuba oku akuthethi inkcazelo, kodwa ukutyhilwa free kuphela. Le ndawo unit sithathwa square kunye kwicala elingana umlinganiselo omnye lekhefu. Ukuba le wemilinganiso kusetyenziswa imitha, indawo, ngokulandelelana, iya kubalwa square metres, eenzeka kuchazwa, kwaye square isentimitha, njl Ummandla zonke iimilo zejiyometri njengoko kulinganiswa kubonakaliswa ngenani ukuba lixabiso elingqinelanayo.

Ukuze ubone indawo polygon, echazwa ifomula iyasetyenziswa, kwakunye ukwahlulwa ibe unxantathu alinganayo. Ukuba polygon ngokumila ezintsonkothileyo, unga zama ukwahlula zibe ngamaqhekeza alinganayo, kwaye ngokudibanisa ukuba kummandla ukubala indawo shape ekuqaleni elibekiweyo. Ngokufanayo indawo polygon khaxa mboleko.

Polygon ingaba khaxa, ukuba omnye wale miqathango ilandelayo uzalisekisiwe:

- kuxhomekeke kwelinye icala umgca osuka kwi eziphezulu ezingabamelwane;

- polygon kuhlangana iinqwelomoya ezininzi.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, buyimilo khaxa kunokuba rhoqo ukuba zonke emacaleni aso kunye engile bayalingana. Umzekelo woku a pentagon zinamacala alinganayo.

isiphelo enye kuphela: i indawo thina ezingqongileyo xa ujonga ngokusondeleyo, ubunjwe iimilo ezahlukeneyo zejiyometri, kunye nolwazi imithetho geometry kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa ukuba uvumelane ngokugqibeleleyo ebomini bethu.