Inaba nokumelana: ebangela. ukukhusela iintsimbi nxamnye Indlela umhlwa

Nokumelana ebizwa ukutshatyalaliswa kumphezulu izinto esebenzayo ngenxa abehlelwa iinkqubo redox. Ukutshatyalaliswa lamanqanaba eziphathekayo kukhokelela kuphelelwa ngamandla, lombane, brittleness eyonyukileyo kunye nezinye iimpawu inhibition yesinyithi.

Xa ukusebenza iimveliso etyhidiweyo phantsi iziphumo ekonakaleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendidi, phakathi leyo ivelele inaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuyingozi kwaye iyingozi.

nokumelana inaba

Phezu iimveliso zesinyithi asinto ingaqhelekanga ukubona misinga amancinci ngokwemiqathango brown okanye mdaka. Ezi zizazinzulu inaba ngongoma, yaye inkqubo imbonakalo yabo - inaba. Oku kwenzeka phezu zemathiriyeli ukunxibelelana izisombululo ngamanzi elwandle iityuwa ezahlukeneyo, neencindi iikhemikhali ndlongondlongo kunye uyasabela nezinye izinto ezimbi.

Inaba nokumelana kuchaphazela kuphela iintsimbi eyimpumelelo aluminiyamu, nokuphuhlisa isikakhulu umaleko umhlwa okanye kwiindawo yeziphene ezahlukeneyo. "Point nezilonda 'ukuphazamisana nokusebenza kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo inwebu ezingcakacileyo, chips neeyunithi zamafu-sibiyelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, umhlwa wazo imbonakalo lula ukuyilwa neentanda leyo kakhulu lincipha iimpawu ezibonakalayo elinikiweyo.

Scheme metal zaphuka

Ukuvula inaba kufuna ubukho reactants ezimbini - activators kunye sequestrants. Njengoko i anions isilumeki of chlorine kaninzi oku bekwenza, bromine, iodine - zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi apho iimveliso yesinyithi fambisiwaka. Bona adsorbed phezu komphezulu metal ibe fomu nge namacandelo zalo nezakhiwo awonayo.

Njengoko passivating amanzi okanye iqela hydroxyl rhoqo uyenza. Ngoko nangoko inkqubo intshabalalo wabe ngokwezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

1. ion isilumeki ukuba adsorbed phezu komhlaba zokuzikhusela (oxide) film.
2. Kukho inkqubo kufakwe nabo ioksijini kwinkqubo ye-ion isilumeki.
3. A isixa esikhulu ion ezinyibilikayo, apho kuqhume film.

Ngenxa yoko, umahluko okunokwenzeka kwenzeka phezu komhlaba umbandela ekhokelela imisinga zasekuhlaleni isebenze inkqubo anodic ngokukhawuleza. ion isilumeki ngoko safudukela Kumaziko ngokwaphulwa, ngenxa kuyo umhlwa inaba iqhubeka.

Iintlobo nokumelana inaba

Uhlobo inaba nokumelana kuyahlukana nedlela iimeko zendalo, ikakhulu kwi ubushushu, pH, iikhemikhali ukwakhiwa izinto. Phantsi yempembelelo ezi zinto lohlukile ubungakanani sisigingqi ifomu kunye nelungiselelo zabo. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho ubungakanani kwindawo intshabalalo ekwanti:

• yokungcoliswa - ubungakanani dot ngaphantsi kwe 0.1 mm;
• eqhelekileyo - netoti wemihadi uyahluka 0.1 no-1 mm;
• wenze xa ukubunjwa ngaphezu kwe-1 mm ubukhulu.

Kuxhomekeka indawo nokumelana inaba kube uzibizela okanye elivaliweyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuba ukubona imizila wesihogo phantse akunakwenzeka - kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Olu hlobo nokumelana kudla ngokukhokelela breakdowns.

Vula ukurusa olubonakalayo ukuya ngeliso lenyama. Amaxesha amaninzi inaba uhlangana abe licandelo elinye. Xa oku kwenzeka akukho ukuthotywa umbandela ngokunzulu yaye ububanzi, ngenxa yokuba apho kukho indawo enkulu iziphene.

uhlobo kwemingxuma

Ifom ye inaba kuxhomekeke imigodi ngaphakathi yikristale emkhusaneni leyo akhiwa sikwinqanaba lokuqala inkqubo umhlwa. Ukwenziwa kakhulu rhoqo imilo engagunyaziswanga - ukuba kwenzeka phezu kwamanzi insimbi, icarbon kunye yodidi ingxubevange ephantsi, aluminiyam, chromium, aluminiyamu nickel, intsimbi.

izilonda Hemispherical ifomu ngenxa wokupheliswa isotropic. Le nkqubo iyafana electro. Inxalenye oku kuchaza emazantsi ecwebezelayo ye emathambekeni eziphantse-setyhula. Kakhulu ukulimala loo ukuthotywa, titanium, i-aluminiyamu, nickel kunye ayibe neemveliso, kwakunye isakhiwo tantalum. Malunga zohlobo olufanayo uba inaba yodidi stainless.

Ngaphezu koko, inaba kusenokuba polyhedral kunye ohlalele. "Yezilonda" lohlobo zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe badla kudityaniswe enye kwenye, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba intshabalalo enkulu hemispherical.

oonobangela

Iimbangi ezingundoqo isenzeko inaba umhlwa echasene ubugcisa bemveliso kunye namanyathelo ngoomatshini kwi eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ubuchwepheshe metal ukulahlwa kuvela microinclusions ezahlukeneyo eziphazamisana isakhiwo sayo. Ukufakwa iqhelekileyo ingabizwa scale lokusila.

Ngenxa intshukumo koomatshini kuvamile phezu komhlaba imveliso uqala ukuphuhlisa inaba. Izizathu obu buxoki ekwaphukeni zokuphepha umboniso ephezulu, ukuphazamisa isakhiwo lwangaphakathi, eshiya phezu kwimida okuziinkozo. Le nkqubo oqhelekileyo isebenze into isiphumo onamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuveleni microcracks.

Inaba nokumelana zesinyithi likhula ngokukhawuleza kwi iindawo ezimaqhubu, kwakunye phantsi kwempembelelo banqande eendaba - amanzi olwandle, izisombululo emuncu.

Zokufuya ukukhusela nesinyithi kwiindawo umhlwa inaba

Ukukhusela iimveliso metal nxamnye inaba iindlela ukusetyenziswa ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Wokukhutshwa eluhlwini ivaliwe kwindlela ezisebenzisa izisombululo iikhompawundi obrak, sulfates, chromates.
2. Ukuqaliswa amacandelo eziphathekayo kunye nokumelana eliphezulu ukuya ukurusa yencopho - of molybdenum, chromium, lesilicon.
3. Ukusetyenziswa anode kunye nobugcisa cathode ukudala umaleko olukhuselayo.

Zonke iindlela ukukhusela iintsimbi ukusuka umhlwa usebenza kuphela kwimveliso, izixhobo ophezulu zobugcisa kunye utyalo-mali enkulu. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla kukuba ecaleni ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko inaba akunakwenzeka. Kunokuba buthathaka kuphela impembelelo kakubi izinto omele ngu:

• nokusebenzisa Ipeyinti anticorrosive;
• ukuphucula ukusebenza yeemveliso ezinjalo;
• ukunciphisa izinga asidi, apho wadibana mbandela.

Kodwa indlela efanelekileyo olukhoyo ukuba olugudisiweyo ngenyameko: ukunciphisa umphezulu uburhabaxa, wena kwangaxeshanye kwandisa ukuxhathisa wayo umhlwa. Kodwa iziphumo ezingcono, ukusetyenziswa ngcono zonke iindlela zokukhusela iintsimbi nxamnye umhlwa ngexesha elifanayo.